THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 


SERVICE  MONOGRAPHS 

OF  THE 
UNITED   STATES  GOVERNMENT 

NQ  II 


YNSTITU' 


I  FOR  GOVERNMENT  RESEARCH 


THE  BROOKINGS  INSTITUTION 


THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

ITS  HISTORY,  ACTIVITIES 
AND    ORGANIZATION 


THE  INSTITUTE  FOR  GOVERNMENT  RESEARCH 

Washington,  D.  C. 

The  Institute  for  Government  Research  is  an  association  of 
citizens  for  cooperating  with  pubHc  officials  in  the  scientific 
study  of  government  with  a  view  to  promoting  efficiency  and 
economy  in  its  operations  and  advancing  the  science  of  ad- 
rninistration.  It  aims  to  bring  into  existence  such  informa- 
tion and  materials  as  will  aid  in  the  formation  of  public  opin- 
ion and  will  assist  officials,  particularly  those  of  the  national 
government,  in  their  eflforts  to  put  the  public  administration 
upon  a  more  efficient  basis. 

To  this  end,  it  seeks  by  the  thoroughgoing  study  and  exam- 
ination of  the  best  administrative  practice,  public  and  private, 
American  and  foreign,  to  formulate  those  principles  which  lie 
at  the  basis  of  all  sound  administration,  and  to  determine  their 
proper  adaptation  to  the  specific  needs  of  our  public  adminis- 
tration. 

The  accomplishment  of  specific  reforms  the  Institute  recog- 
nizes to  be  the  task  of  those  who  are  charged  with  the  respon- 
sibility of  legislation  and  administration;  but  it  seeks  to  assist, 
by  scientific  study  and  research,  in  laying  a  solid  foundation  of 
information  and  experience  upon  which  such  reforms  may  be 
successfully  built. 

While  some  of  the  Institute's  studies  find  application  only  in 
the  form  of  practical  cooperation  with  the  administra,tive  of- 
ficers directly  concerned,  many  are  of  interest  to  other  admin- 
istrators and  of  general  educational  value.  The  results  of 
such  studies  the  Institute  purposes  to  publish  in  such  form  as 
will  insure  for  them  the  widest  possible  utilization. 

Officers 
Robert  S.  Brookings,  Frank  J.  Goodnow, 

Chairman  Vice-Chairman 


James  F.  Curtis, 

Frederick  Strauss, 

Secretary 

Treasurer 

Trustees 

Edwin  A.  Alderman 

Edwin  F.  Gay 

Charles  D.  Norton 

Robert  S.  Brookings 

Frank  J.  Goodnow 

Martin  A.  Ryerson 

James  F.  Curtis 

Jerome  D.  Greene 

Frederick  Strauss 

R.  Fulton  Cutting 

Arthur  T.  Hadley 

Silas  H.  Strawn 

Frederic  A.  Delano 

Herbert  C.  Hoover 

William  H.  Taft 

Henry  S.  Dennison 

David  F.  Houston 

Ray  Lyman  Wilbur 

George  Eastman 

A.  Lawrence  Lowell 

Robert  S.  Woodward 

Raymond  B.  Fosdick 

Samuel  Mather 

Felix  Frankfurter 

Richard  B.   Mellon 

Director 

W.  F.   Willoughby 

Editor 

F.  W.  Powell 

INSTITUTE  FOR  GOVERNMENT    RESEARCH 

SERVICE  MONOGRAPHS 

OF   THE 

UNITED  STATES  GOVERNMENT 
No.  11 

THE 
NATIONAL    PARK    SERVICE 

ITS  HISTORY,  ACTIVITIES 
AND  ORGANIZATION 


BY 


JENKS  CAMERON   i^^^ 


BOSTOX  COLLlGfi  LIBRARY 
CHESTl^UT  HILL,  MAbS, 


D.  APPLETON  AND  COMPANY 

NEW  YORK  LONDON 

1922 


Copyright,   1922,  by 
THE  INSTITUTE  FOR  GOVERMENT  RESEARCH 


PRINTED    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES    01"    AMERICA 


PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE 
INSTITUTE  FOR  GOVERNMENT  RESEARCH 


STUDIES  IN  ADMINISTRATION 

The   System  of  Financial  Administration  of  Great  Britain 

By  W.  F.  Willoughby,  W.  W.  Willoughby,  and  S.  M.  Lindsay 
The  Budget 

Cy  Rene  Stourm 

T.   Plazinski,  Translator;   W.  F.   McCaleb,   Editor 
The  Canadian  Budgetary  System 

By  H.  G.  Villard  and  W.  W.  Willoughby 
The  Problem  of  a  National  Budget 

By  V/.  F.  Willoughby 
The  Movement  for  Budgetary  Reform  in  the  States 

By  W.  F.  Willoughby 
Teacher's  Pension  Systems  in  the  United  States 

By   Paul    Studensky 

Organized  Efforts  for  the  Improvement  of  Methods  of  Ad- 
ministration in  the  United  States 
By  Gustavus  A.,  Weber 
The  Federal  Service:    A  Study  of  the  System  of  Personal 
Administration  of  the  United  States   Government 
By  Lewis  Mayers 

The    System    of    Financial    Administration    of    the    United 
States   (In  Preparation) 

PRINCIPLES  OF  ADMINISTRATION 

Principles  Governing  the  Retirement  of  Public  Employees 

By  Lewis  Meriam 

Principles  of   Government  Purchasing 
By  Arthur  G.  Thomas 

Principles  of  Government  Accounting  and  Reporting 

By  Francis  Oakey,  C.  P.  A. 
Principles  of  Personnel  Administration 

By  Arthur  W.  Procter 

SERVICE    MONOGRAPHS    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES 
GOVERNMENT 
The  Geological  Survey 
The  Reclamation  Service 
The  Bureau  of  Mines 
The  Alaskan  Engineering  Commission 
The  Tariff  Commission 

The  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education 
The  Federal  Trade  Commission 
The   Steamboat-Inspection  Service 
The  National  Park  Service 
The  Public  Health  Service 
The  Weather  Bureau 
The  Employee's  Compensation  Commission 


FOREWORD 

The  first  essential  to  efficient  administration  of  any  enter- 
prise is  full  knowledge  of  its  present  make-up  and  operation. 
Without  full  and  complete  information  before  'them,  as  to 
existing  organization,  personnel,  plant,  and  methods  of  oper- 
ation and  control,  neither  legislators  nor  administrators  can 
properly  perform  their  functions. 

The  greater  the  work,  the  more  varied  the  activities  en- 
gaged in,  and  the  more  complex  the  organization  employed, 
and  more  imperative  becomes  the  necessity  that  this  informa- 
tion shall  be  available — and  available  in  such  a  form  that  it 
can  readily  be  utilized. 

Of  all  undertakings,  none  in  the  United  States,  and  few,  if 
any,  in  the  world,  approach  in  magnitude,  complexity,  and 
importance  that  of  the  national  government  of  the  United 
States.  As  President  Taft  expressed  it  in  his  message  to  Con- 
gress of  January  17,  1912,  in  referring  to  the  inquiry  being 
made  under  his  direction  into  the  efficiency  and  economy  of  the 
methods  of  prosecuting  public  business,  the  activities  of  the 
national  government  "are  almost  as  varied  as  those  of  the  en- 
tire business  world.  The  operations  of  the  government  affect 
the  interest  of  every  person  living  within  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  United  States.  Its  organization  embraces  stations  and 
centers  of  work  located  in  every  city  and  in  many  local  sub- 
divisions of  the  country.  Its  gross  expenditures  amoiunt  to 
billions  annually.  Including  the  personnel  of  the  military  and 
naval  establishments,  more  than  half  a  million  persons  are  re- 
quired to  do  the  work  imposed  by  law  upon  the  executive 
branch  of  the  government. 

"This  vast  organization  has  never  been  studied  in  detail  as 
one  piece  of  administrative  mechanism.  Never  have  the 
foundations  been  laid  for  a  thorough  consideration  of  the  re- 
lations of  all  its  parts.  No  comprehensive  effort  has  been 
made  to  list  its  multifarious  activities  or  to  group  them  in  such 
a  way  as  to  present  a  clear  picture  of  what  the  government  is 
doing.     Never  has  a  complete  description  been  given  of  the 

agencies  through  which  these  activities  are  performed.     At 

vii 


viii  FOREWORD 

no  time  has  the  attempt  been  made  to  study  all  of  these  activ- 
ities and  agencies  with  a  view  to  the  assignment  of  each  activ- 
ity to  the  agency  best  fitted  for  its  performance,  to  the  avoid- 
ance of  duplication  of  plant  and  work,  to  the  integration  of  all 
administrative  agencies  of  the  government,  so  far  as  may  be 
practicable,  into  a  unified  organization  for  the  most  effective 
and  economical  dispatch  of  public  business." 

To  lay  the  basis  for  such  a  comprehensive  study  of  the  or- 
ganization and  operations  of  the  national  government  as  Pres- 
ident Taft  outlined,  the  Institute  for  Government  Research 
has  undertaken  the  preparation  of  a  series  of  monographs,  of 
which  the  present  study  is  one,  giving  a  detailed  description  of 
each  of  the  fifty  or  more  distinct  services  of  the  government. 
These  studies  are  being  vigorously  prosecuted,  and  it  is  hoped 
that  all  services  of  the  government  will  be  covered  in  a  com- 
paratively brief  space  of  time.  Thereafter,  revisions  of  the 
monographs  will  be  made  from  time  to  time  as  need  arises,  to 
the  end  that  they  may,  as  far  as  practicable,  represent  current 
conditions. 

These  monographs  are  all  prepared  according  to  a  uniform 
plan.  They  give :  first,  the  history  of  the  establishment  and 
development  of  the  service;  second,  its  functions,  described 
not  in  general  terms,  but  by  detailing  its  specific  activities; 
third,  its  organization  for  the  handling  of  these  activities; 
fourth,  the  character  of  its  plant;  fifth,  a  compilation  of,  or 
reference  to,  the  laws  and  regulations  governing  its  operations ; 
sixth,  financial  statements  showing  its  appropriations,  expen- 
ditures and  other  data  for  a  period  of  years ;  and  finally,  a  full 
bibliography  of  the  sources  of  information,  official  and  private, 
bearing  on  the  service  and  its  operations. 

In  the  preparation  of  these  monographs  the  Institute  has 
kept  steadily  in  mind  the  aim  to  produce  documents  that  will 
be  of  direct  value  and  assistance  in  the  administration  of  public 
affairs.  To  executive  officials  they  offer  valuable  tools  of  ad- 
ministration. Through  them,  such  officers  can,  with  a  min- 
imum of  effort,  inform  themselves  regarding  the  details,  not 
only  of  their  own  services,  but  of  others  with  whose  facilities, 
activities,  and  methods  it  is  desirable  that  they  should  be  fa- 
miliar. Under  present  conditions  services  frequently  engage 
in  activities  in  ignorance  of  the  fact  that  the  work  projected 
has  already  been  donj,  or  is  in  process  of  execution  by  other 
services.  Many  cases  exist  where  one  service  could  make  ef- 
fective use  of  the  organization,  plant  or  results  of  other  serv- 


FOREWORD  ix 

ices  had  they  knowledge  that  such  faciUties  were  in  existence. 
With  the  constant  shifting  of  directing  personnel  that  takes 
place  in  the  administrative  branch  of  the  national  government, 
the  existence  of  means  by  which  incoming  officials  may  thus 
readily  secure  information  regarding  their  own  and  other  serv- 
ices is  a  matter  of  great  importance. 

To  members  of  Congress  the  monographs  should  prove  of 
no  less  value.  At  present  these  officials  are  called  upon  to 
legislate  and  appropriate  money  for  services  concerning  whose 
needs  and  real  problems  they  can  secure  but  imperfect  infor- 
mation. That  the  possession  by  each  member  of  a  set  of 
monographs,  such  as  is  here  projected,  prepared  according  to 
a  uniform  plan,  will  be  a  great  aid  to  intelligent  legislation 
and  appropriation  of  funds  can  hardly  be  cjuestioned. 

To  the  public,  finally,  these  monographs  will  give  that 
knowledge  of  the  organization  and  operations  of  their  gov- 
ernment which  must  be  had  if  an  enlightened  public  opinion 
is  to  be  brought  to  bear  upon  the  conduct  of  governmental 
affairs. 

These  studies  are  wholly  descriptive  in  character.  No  at- 
tempt is  made  in  them  to  subject  the  conditions  described  to 
criticism,  nor  to  indicate  features  in  respect  to  which  changes 
might  with  advantage  be  made.  Upon  administrators  them- 
selves falls  responsibility  for  making  or  proposing  changes 
which  will  result  in  the  improvement  of  methods  of  adminis- 
tration. The  primary  aim  of  outside  agencies  should  be  to 
emphasize  this  responsibility  and  facilitate  its  fulfillment. 

While  the  monographs  thus  make  no  direct  recommenda- 
tions for  improvement,  they  cannot  fail  greatly  to  stimulate 
efforts  in  that  direction.  Prepared  as  they  are  according  to  a 
uniform  plan,  and  setting  forth  as  they  do  the  activities,  plant, 
organization,  personnel  and  laws  governing  the  several  serv- 
ices of  the  government,  they  will  automatically,  as  it  were, 
reveal,  for  example,  the  extent  to  which  work  in  the  same  field 
is  being  performed  by  different  services,  and  thus  furnish  the 
information  that  is  essential  to  a  consideration  of  the  great 
question  of  the  better  distribution  and  coordination  of  activi- 
ties among  the  several  departments,  establishments,  and  bu- 
reaus, and  the  elimination  of  duplications  of  plant,  organiza- 
tion and  work.  Through  them  it  will  also  be  possible  to  sub- 
ject any  particular  feature  of  the  administrative  work  of  the 
government  to  exhaustive  study,  to  determine,  for  example, 
what  facilities,  in  the  way  of  laboratories  and  other  plant  and 


X  FOREWORD 

equipment,  exist  for  the  prosecution  of  any  line  of  work  and 
where  those  f aciHties  are  located ;  or  what  work  is  being  done 
in  any  field  of  administration  or  research,  such  as  the  promo- 
tion, protection  and  regulation  of  the  maritime  interests  of  the 
country,  the  planning  and  execution  of  works  of  an  engineer- 
ing character,  or  the  collection,  compilation  and  publication  of 
statistical  data,  or  what  differences  of  practice  prevail  in  re- 
spect to  organization,  classification,  appointment,  and  promo- 
tion of  personnel. 

To  recapitulate,  the  monographs  will  serve  the  double  pur- 
pose of  furnishing  an  essential  tool  for  efficient  legislation,  ad- 
ministration and  popular  control,  and  of  laying  the  basis  for 
critical  and  constructive  work  on  the  part  of  those  upon  whom 
responsibility  for  such  work  primarily  rests. 

Whenever  possible  the  language  of  official  statements  or  re- 
ports has  been  employed,  and  it  has  not  been  practicable  in  all 
cases  to  make  specific  indication  of  the  language  so  quoted. 


CONTENTS 

OHAPTEB  PAOB 

Foreword 

I.    History  i 

The  National  Park  System  a  Development  of  the  "National 

Park    Idea" i 

Distinction  Between  Parks  and  Monuments 7 

The  Parks  and  Monuments  Prior  to  1916 8 

The  Movement  for  the  Establishment  of  the  National  Park 

Service 11 

The  National  Park  Service  Since  1916 12 

The   Several   Parks 31 

Yellowstone 31 

Yosemite 33 

Sequoia  and  General  Grant 34 

Mount  Rainier 35 

Crater  Lake 36 

Wind  Cave 36 

Piatt 36 

Sullys  Hill     .     .     • 37 

Mesa  Verde 37 

Glacier 38 

Rocky  Mountain 39 

Hawaii            39 

Lassen 39 

Mount  McKinley 40 

Grand  Canyon 40 

Lafayette 41 

Zion 41 

Hot    Springs 42 

The  National   Monuments 43 

Parks  and  Monuments  Not  Administered  by  the  National 

Park   Service 44 

Growth  of  Popular  Interest  in  the  Park  System  ...  44 

II.    Activities  50 

Conservation  of  Physical  Features -SO 

Natural   Wonders 51 

Ruins  and  Historical  Structures 51 

Forests  and   Plants 52 

Lakes  and  Streams     _ 53 

Conservation  of  Wild  Life S3 

Improvement 5S 

Maintenance 57 

Protection  Service 57 

Publicity 58 


xii  CONTENTS 

CHAPTER  PAGE 

III.     Organization  6o 

Administration 60 

Field   Service 61 

Editorial  Section 62 

Law    Section 62 

Publications   Section 63 

Individual  Park  Organization — The  Yellowstone    ...  63 

APPENDIX 

1.  Outline    of    Organization ,     .  (fj 

2.  Classification  of  Activities 76 

3.  Publications 78 

4.  Laws : 80 

5.  Financial  Statements 131 

6.  Statistics   of   Visitors 137 

7.  Bibliography          141 

Index 167 


THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE: 
ITS  HISTORY,  ACTIVITIES  AND 
ORGANIZATION 

CHAPTER  I 

HISTORY 

The  Niational  Park  Service  is  a  bureau  of  the  Department 
of  the  Interior,  being  the  ninth  bureau  to  be  established  in 
that  department.  It  is  engaged  in  the  supervision,  manage- 
ment, and  control  of  those  national  parks  and  monuments  which 
are  under  that  department's  jurisdiction.  It  was  created  by 
the  act  of  August  25,  1916  (39  Stat.  L.,  535),  but  did  not  be- 
gin to  function  until  after  the  approval  of  the  deficiency  ap- 
propriation act  of  April  17^  1917  (40  Stat.  L.,  20)  which  pro- 
vided funds  for  its  establishment. 

The  National  Park  System  a  Development  of  the  "National 
Park  Idea."  Though  the  National  Park  Service  is  of  recent 
origin  the  system  of  national  parks  of  which  it  is  an  out- 
growth dates  back  half  a  century  to  the  creation,  in  1872, 
of  the  Yellowstone  National  Park,  the  first  true  national  park 
established  in  the  United  States.  Inasmuch  as  the  creation 
of  the  Yellowstone  was  the  result  of  a  conception  of  the  con- 
servation of  natural  wonders  which  has  come  to  be  known  as 
the  "National  Park  Idea,"  it  will  be  proper  at  this  point  to 
discuss  briefly,  first  the  events  leading  up  to  the  inception  of 
the  idea;  and,  second,  its  subsequent  development. 

The  existence  of  the  natural  wonders  which  occur  in  such 
profusion  in  the  upper  Yellowstone  country  had  been  known 


2  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

early  in  the  last  century  to  a  few  wandering  hunters  and  trap- 
pers who  visited  the  region  in  search  of  beaver.  John  Colter, 
a  hunter  who  had  accompanied  Lewis  and  Clark  on  their  expe- 
dition to  the  Pacific,  visited  the  park  region  in  1807,  and  was 
probably  the  first  white  man  to  see  the  curiosities  it  contained. 
Lewis  and  Clark  themselves,  in  1806,  skirted  the  region,  and 
just  missed  becoming  its  discoverers  by  about  fifty  miles. 

During  the  heyday  of  the  fur  trade  a  few  other  trappers 
found  their  way  into  the  neighborhood,  and  in  the  era  of 
gold-hunting  which  went  on  over  the  entire  mountain  country 
after  1849,  some  prospectors  also  visited  it. 

Practically  all  of  these  men,  from  Colter  down,  brought 
back  accounts,  some  truthful,  some  exaggerated,  of  the  won- 
ders they  had  seen  in  the  shape  of  geysers,  hot  springs,  etc. 
These  accounts,  however,  were  almost  universally  disbelieved, 
Colter's  being  hailed  with  especial  derision,  and  the  thermal 
region  he  described  coming  to  be  known  popularly  as  "Col- 
ter's Hell." 

Tjie  persistency  of  these  hunters'  tales,  however,  and  their 
essential  agreement  resulted  eventually  in  the  arousing  of 
curiosity.  In  Montana  especially  there  developed  a  desire 
to  settle  definitely  the  truth  or  falsity  of  the  rumors  of  amaz- 
ing phenomena  around  the  upper  reaches  of  the  Yellowstone. 
This  resulted,  in  1869,  in  the  first  expedition  which  had  for 
its  definite  object  the  exploration  of  the  much-talked-of  area. 

This  expedition,  consisting  of  David  E.  Folsom,  C.  W. 
Cook,  and  William  Peterson,  spent  a  month  in  the  park  region 
in  September-October,  1869,  during  which  time  they  investi- 
gated a  considerable  number  of  the  principal  phenomena  which 
it  contains.  Mr.  Folsom  afterwards  wrote  an  excellent  nar- 
rative O'f  the  party's  exploration  which  was  first  published  in 
the  "Western  Monthly"  of  Chicago,  and  subsequently  (1894) 
published  in  pamphlet  form  by  Hon.  N.  P.  Langford,  the 
first  superintendent  of  the  Yellowstone  Park,  who  added  an 
interesting  preface. 

In  the  following  year,  Mr.  Langford  was  a  member  of  the 


HISTORY  3 

second  exploring  expedition  to  enter  the  region,  the  Wash- 
burn-Doane  expedition,  so-called  from  its  being  led  by  General 
Henry  D.  Washburn,  Surveyor-General  of  Montana,  and 
Lieutenant  G.  C.  Doane  of  the  United  States  Army,  who  com- 
manded a  military  escort  detailed  by  the  War  Department. 
This  expedition  spent  about  a  month  in  the  region,  but  ex- 
plored it  somewhat  more  thoroughly  than  the  Folsom  party 
had  done. 

The  published  reports  of  these  two  expeditions  aroused  in- 
tense interest  throughout  the  entire  country,  and  had  much 
to  do  with  the  sending  out  of  a  government  expedition  in 
1 87 1  under  the  joint  auspices  of  the  Geological  Survey  and 
the  Engineer  Corps  of  the  Army,  well  equipped  for  the  mak- 
ing of  precise  scientific  observations.  This  expedition  made 
a  large  collection  of  accurate  data  concerning  the  entire  region 
and  took  a  great  many  photographs.  From  the  standpoint 
of  exact  information  obtained  it  was  the  most  important  of 
the  three  expeditions. 

For  a  less  ponderable  but  far  more  momentous  reason, 
when  viewed  in  the  light  of  its  effect  upon  subsequent  events, 
the  Washburn-Doane  expedition,  nevertheless,  must  be  given 
first  place  among  these  pioneer  explorations  of  the  Yellowstone 
region.  It  was  on  this  expedition  that  expression  was  first 
given  to  the  thought  which  has  been  responsible  for  the  crea- 
tion and  development  of  the  Country's  system  of  national 
parks.  At  a  camp  fire  of  this  expedition,  on  September  19, 
1870,  the  members  were  discussing  the  wonders  they  had  seen 
and  the  certainity  of  the  remarkable  area  becoming  a  mecca 
for  tourists.  This  led  to  the  suggestion  by  several  that  it 
would  be  a  "profitable  speculation"  to  take  up  land  surround- 
ing the  principal  phenomena  and  exploit  them  as  commercial 
enterprises.  Objection  to  this  point  of  view  was  expressed 
by  Cornelius  Hedges,  a  member  of  the  party,  to  the  effect 
that  the  recently  discovered  wonderland  should  never  be  al- 
,  wed  to  pass  into  private  ownership,  but  should  be  set  aside 
for  the  use  and  enjoyment  of  all  the  people     ^'^f:  Gtllcr 


4  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

members  of  the  party  at  once  fell  in  with  this  higher  concep- 
tion of  the  matter,  and  all  agreed  to  unite  in  an  endeavor  to 
make  it  an  accomplished  fact.  This  was  the  beginning  of 
the  "National  Park  Idea." 

So  widespread  was  the  popular  interest  resulting  from  the 
publication  of  articles  by  various  members  of  the  several  ex- 
peditions ;  and  so'  vigorously  was  the  project  for  the  erection 
of  the  Yellowstone  Country  into  a  public  park  pushed  by  sev- 
eral leading  members  of  the  Washburn-Doane  expedition  and 
by  Dr.  F.  V.  Hayden  of  the  Geological  Survey,  one  of  the 
leaders  of  the  Government  expedition  of  1871,  that  in  less 
than  two  years  after  Mr.  Hedg^es  made  his  novel  proposition 
the  Act  of  Dedication  creating  the  Yellowstone  National  Park, 
received  the  signature  of  President  Grant  (Act  of  March  i, 
1872;  17  Stat.  L.,  32.) 

The  text  of  this  measure  will  be  found  in  the  appendix.  At- 
tention will  be  called  at  this  point  to  its  three  outstanding 
features : 

The  setting  aside  of  the  Yellowstone  region  "as  a  public 
park  or  pleasuring-ground" ; 

A  provision  making  mandatory  "the  preservation,  from  in- 
jury or  spoliation,  of  all  timber,  mineral  deposits,  natural 
curiosities,  or  wonders  within  said  park,  and  their  retention 
in  their  natural  condition" ; 

A  provision  making  mandatory  the  protection  of  the  fish  and 
game  in  the  park  area  against  "wanton  destruction"  or  "cap- 
ture or  destruction  for  the  purposes  of  merchandise  or  profit." 

The  law  also  provides  that  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
shall  have  exclusive  control  of  the  park,  and  it  charges  him 
with  the  making  of  rules  and  regulations  necessary  for  the 
carrying  out  of  its  provisions. 

The  national  park  system  began  with  the  passage  of  this 
law,  the  large  significance  of  which  is  well  expressed  by  Gen- 
eral Hiram  M.  Chittenden: 


'''^'"^^"'1tlva^,-''a  notable  act,  not  only  on 


li   d.<-v-o^Ui,«,  o'j 


HISTORY  s 

ent  importance  of  the  territory  it  was  designed  to  protect, 
but  because  it  was  a  marked  innovation  in  the  traditional 
policy  of  governments.  From  time  immemorial  privileged 
classes  have  been  protected  by  law,  in  the  withdrawal,  for 
their  exclusive  enjoyment,  of  immense  tracts  fort  forests, 
parks  and  game  preserves.  But  never  before  was  a  region 
of  such  vast  extent  as  the  Yellowstone  Park  set  apart  for 
the  use  of  all  the  people  without  distinction  of  rank  or  wealth.^ 

It  is  proper,  at  this  point,  to  make  a  slight  digression  in 
order  to  make  clear  a  somewhat  anomalous  situation  that  has 
long  existed  with  regard  to  the  question — if  it  be  a  question — 
as  to  what  park  of  the  present  national  park  system  was  the 
first  to  be  established.  The  Yellowstone  has  been  referred  to 
above  as  the  first  true  national  park.  As  has  just  been  pointed 
out,  its  establishment  was  the  direct  result  of  the  birth 
of  the  national  park  idea.  Nevertheless  there  is  another  park 
of  the  system,  the  Hot  Springs  National  Park,  which  was  set 
aside  almost  forty  years  to  a  day  before  the  creation  of  the 
Yellowstone  (Act  of  April  20,  1832;  4  Stat.  L.,  505)  and 
which  is  frequently  referred  to  as  the  first  national  park. 

To  refer  to  it  thus  is  incorrect,  although  it  might  be  proper 
to'  call  it  the  oldest  member  of  the  national  park  system. 
The  confusion  has  arisen  through  the  fact  that  at  the  time 
of  the  creation  of  the  Yellowstone  the  Hot  Springs  Reserva- 
tion in  Arkansas  was  being  administered  by  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior,  not  as  a  national  park,  because  up  until  that  time 
such  a  thing  as  a  national  park  in  the  sense  w^e  understand  it 
to-day  was  not  dreamed  of,  but  merely  as  a  portion  of  the 
public  domain  which  for  certain  reasons  had  been  withdrawn 
from  settlement  or  sale.  Those  reasons  pertained  to  the  me- 
dicinal springs  which  the  area  contained.  Their  curative  prop- 
erties becoming  widely  known  throughout  the  country,  a  fear 
arose  that  they  might  pass  into  private  ownership  and  be  pri- 
vately exploited.  To  prevent  this  was  the  purpose  of  the 
Act  of  1832.     This  law  merely  states  that  the  area  containing 

1  Chittenden,   The  Yellowstone  National  Park,  p.  79. 


6  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

the  springs  "shall  be  reserved  for  the  future  disposal  of  the 
United  States,"  and  makes  no  mention  of  the  preservation 
of  natural  curiosities  in  their  original  state,  the  protection 
of  wild  life,  the  public  pleasure-ground  feature,  or  of  any 
of  the  elements  of  the  national  park  idea;  and  as  a  matter  of 
fact  Congress  had  no  such  idea  in  mind  when  it  set  the  Hot 
Springs  area  aside.  Reservation  to  prevent  private  exploita- 
tion was  its  only  thought. 

It  may  be  argued  that  this  was  precisely  the  thought  back 
of  the  setting  aside  of  the  Yellowstone.  But  there  was  this 
difference :  Hot  Springs  represented  mere  reservation,  Yel- 
lowstone represented  reservation  plus  development  toward  a 
particular  end, — the  working  out  of  the  national  park  idea. 

After  the  Yellowstone  was  established  the  two  areas  were 
administered  together  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior.  As  other  parks  were  established  from  time  to  time — 
fourteen  -  were  created  between  the  founding  of  the  Yellow- 
stone and  the  establishment  of  the  National  Park  Service  in 
April,  19 1 7 — they  were  grouped  for  administrative  pur- 
poses with  Yellowstone  and  Hot  Springs,  and  they  came  to  be 
spoken  of  collectively  as  the  National  Parks  and  the  Hot 
Springs  Reservation.  They  continued  to  be  so  referred  to 
even  after  the  creation  of  the  National  Park  Service  in  19 16, 
Hot  Springs  being  called  a  reservation  until  the  passage  of  the 
sundry  civil  appropriation  act  for  1921,  in  which  a  clause  was 
inserted  providing  that  it  should  thenceforth  be  known  as  "Hot 
Springs  National  Park"  (Act  of  March  4,  1921;  41  Stat.  L., 
1407).  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  real  status  of  Hot  Springs, 
until  the  time  at  least  of  the  creation  of  the  Yellowstone,  was 
less  that  of  one  of  the  national  parks  than  of  one  of  the  national 
monuments,  of  which  there  are  at  present  twenty- four  in  the 
national  park  system,  twenty  of  which  had  been  created  prior 
to  the  organization  of  the  National  Park  Service.  Detailed 
reference  to  the  monuments  is  made  below. 

2  Including  one  park,  Casa  Grande,  which  was  later  given  monu- 
ment status. 


HISTORY  7 

To  summarize,  the  Yellowstone  was  the  first  national  park, 
and  the  system  of  parks  and  monuments — including  Hot 
Springs — of  which  it  was  the  beginning  was  the  direct  result 
of  the  conception  of  the  National  Park  Idea. 

Distinction  between  Parks  and  Monuments.  The  act  of 
June  8,  1906  (34  Stat.  L.,  225),  entitled  "An  act  for  the 
preservation  of  American  antiquities,"  gave  the  President 
discretionary  power  to  set  aside  by  proclamation  any  lands 
owned  or  controlled  by  the  United  States  containing  "historic 
landmarks,  historic  or  prehistoric  structures,  and  other  ob- 
jects of  historic  or  scientific  interest"  as  "national  monuments." 
Provision  was  made  also  for  the  punishment  by  fine  or  im- 
prisonment of  persons  injuring  the  monuments,  and  juris- 
diction over  the  monuments  was  given  to  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior,  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  or  the  Secretary  of 
War,  depending  upon  which  department  had  jurisdiction  over 
the  areas  in  which  the  monuments  were  severally  located. 

Section  4  of  the  act  provides  that  the  secretaries  of  the 
three  departments — Interior,  Agriculture,  and  War — shall 
make  uniform  rules  and  regulations  for  the  purpose  of  carry- 
ing out  its  provisions.  Secretaries  Hitchcock,  Wilson,  and 
Taft  promptly  complied  by  promulgating — Dec.  28,  1906 — an 
appropriate  set  of  rules  which  are  still  in  effect  without  change. 

The  passage  of  this  act  was  the  culmination  of  an  organ- 
ized movement  by  a  group  of  archaeologists,  scientists,  and 
others,  to  put  such  safeguards  about  the  unique  archaeological 
treasures  which  the  country  possesses  in  the  ancient  pueblos 
and  cliff  dwellings  of  the  Southwest  as  would  prevent  their 
spoliation  and  ultimate  destruction.  Their  protection  by  the 
creation  of  additional  park  areas  had  been  found  impractic- 
able because  a  special  congressional  enactment  was  necessary 
in  each  case,  and  because  Congress  -was  unwilling  tO'  create  a 
great  number  of  parks,  many  of  which  would  be,  necessarily, 
of  very  limited  area.  The  original  idea  had  been  to  protect 
ancient  ruins  only,  but  the  act  was  broadened  so  as  to  include 


8  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

within  its  scope  other  objects  of  historic  or  scientific  value, 
natural  as  well  as  artificial.  The  first  monument  created,  as 
a  matter-of-fact,  was  the  Devils  Tower,  in  Wyoming,  a 
natural  formation. 

Some  confusion  has  arisen  as  to  the  difference  between 
parks  and  monuments.  It  has  been  asked,  for  example,  why, 
oi  two  reserved  areas,  the  basic  reasons  for  the  reservation  in 
each  case  being  the  preservation  of  a  natural  wonder,  one 
should  be  a  park  and  the  other  a  monument. 

The  simplest  way  to  answer  this  question  is  to  say  what  has 
been  said  above  in  speaking  of  the  setting-aside  of  Hot 
Springs.  The  object  of  a  monument  is  the  preservation  from 
destruction  or  spoliation  of  some  object  of  historic,  scientific, 
or  other  interest.  The  object  of  a  park  is  that  and  something 
more;  namely,  the  development  of  the  area  reserved  for  its 
more  complete  and  perfect  enjoyment  by  the  people.  It  might 
be  said  that  a  monument  is  park  raw  material,  because  many 
of  the  existing  monuments,  in  all  probability,  will  receive  park 
status  when  their  development  as  parks  is  practicable.  Sev- 
eral of  the  present  parks  of  the  system  originally  had  monu- 
ment status,  notably  Grand  Canyon,  Lafayette,  and  Zion  Parks. 

The  Parks  and  Monuments  Prior  to  19 1 6.  From  the  set- 
ting-aside of  the  Yellowstone  Park  in  1872  until  1890  no  new 
parks  were  added  to  the  park  system.  Sequoia,  Yosemite, 
and  General  Grant  parks  were  added  in  1890,  and  by  the 
time  the  National  Park  Service  was  created  in  August,  19 16, 
the  system  totalled  sixteen  parks  and  eighteen  monuments. 
This  includes  the  Hot  Springs  Reservation,  and  one  park,  Casa 
Grande,  which  was  given  monument  status  in  19 18. 

The  history  of  the  parks  and  monuments  during  this  period 
is  almost  altogether  a  history  of  individual  rather  than  group 
development.  New  parks  and  monuments  were  created  from 
time  to  time  and  became,  thereupon,  so  many  new  individual 
problems  rather  than  parts  of  a  general  problem.  No  note- 
worthy legislation  of  a  general  nature  applying  to  the  park 


HISTORY  9 

system  in  common  was  enacted  during  this  period  except  the 
act  for  the  preservation  of  American  antiquities.  There 
was,  moreover,  no  such  thing  within  the  Department  of  the 
Interior  as  a  section  or  division  charged  with  the  administra- 
tion of  the  park  system  to  the  exclusion  of  everything  else. 
The  Patents  and  Miscellaneous  Division,  in  the  office  of  the 
Secretary,  already  occupied  with  an  abundance' oi  other  duties, 
gave  such  attention  to  the  parks  as  time  could  be  found  for. 
It  cannot  be  said  that  such  a  thing  as  a  park  system  existed, 
if  the  word  system  be  used  in  the  sense  of  a  disciplined,  coor- 
dinated unit.  Every  park  was  in  a  very  real  sense  a  law  unto 
itself,  and  the  parks  were  more  of  a  conglomeration  at  this 
time  than  a  system.  When  the  Secretary's  office  was  reor- 
ganized in  1907,  the  miscellaneous  duties  of  this  division  were 
given  to  the  Miscellaneous  Section  in  the  Secretary's  office,  and 
the  former  chief  of  division  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  section 
as  Assistant  Attorney.  The  work  of  this  section  embraced,  be- 
sides the  management  of  the  parks  and  monuments,  the  ad- 
ministration of  Alaska  and  Hawaii,  the  care  of  several  elee- 
mosynary institutions,  etc. 

A  series  of  national  park  conferences  held  in  191 1,  1912, 
and  191 5  at  the  Yellowstone,  Yosemite,  and  Berkeley,  Cali- 
fornia, respectively,  and  participated  in  by  all  the  park  super- 
intendents and  many  of  the  department  officers  concerned  in 
park  administration,  had  much  to  do  with  bringing  about  an 
improved  system  of  park  control  in  the  department.  ^ 

The  first  step  in  this  direction  was  made  in  19 13,  when 
Secretary  Lane  placed  the  Assistant  to  the  Secretary  in  gen- 
eral charge  of  park  administration.  This  was  followed,  June 
5,  19 1 4,  by  the  appointment  of  a  General  Superintendent  and 
Landscape  Engineer  of  the  national  parks,  to  reside  at  San 
Francisco  and  have  general  supervision  over  all  the  park  super- 
intendents.    Thereafter  a  still  further  advance  was  made  when 

^  A  fourth  conference,  held  in  Washington,  January  2-6,  1917,  was 
in  the  nature  of  a  celebration  of  the  success  of  the  movement  for 
a  national  park  service. 


lo  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

the  urgent  deficiency  appropriation  act  of  February  28,  19 16 
(39  Stat.  L.,  23)  conferred  authority  upon  the  Secretary  to 
employ  a  General  Superintendent  in  the  District  of  Columbia 
and  in  the  field,  the  salary  of  the  new  officer  and  other  neces- 
sary expenses  of  administration  to  be  taken  from  the  appro- 
priations and  revenues  of  the  several  parks  on  a  pro  rata  basis. 
Under  this  authority  the  office  of  the  General  Superintendent 
was  moved  to  Washington.  In  the  sundry  civil  appropriation 
act  of  July  I,  19 16,  (39  Stat.  L.,  309)  authorization  was 
given  for  the  employment  of  a  General  Superintendent,  to- 
gether with  such  clerical  or  other  assistants,  not  exceeding 
four  persons,  as  the  Secretary  might  determine. 

In  December  19 13,  a  piece  of  legislation  was  enacted  which, 
while  it  directly  affected  but  one  park,  the  Yosemite,  was  of 
indirect  effect  upon  the  entire  system  by.  reason  of  the  pre- 
cedent which  it  established.  This  was  the  law  (Act  of  Dec- 
ember 19,  1913;  38  Stat.  L.,  242)  giving  to  the  City  of  San 
Francisco  the  right  tO'  use  certain  lands  in  the  Yosemite  Park, 
specifically  the  Hetch  Hetchy  Valley,  for  the  construction  of 
a  reservoir  to  supply  the  city  with  water  and  to  generate 
electric  power. 

This  legislation  was  only  enacted  after  a  struggle  extend- 
ing over  the  better  part  of  a  decade.  It  was  fought  by  many 
civic  organizations  of  standing  and  was  strongly  opposed  by 
naturahsts  of  note  like  John  Muir  and  by  many  citizens,  Avho 
believed  that  that  part  of  the  national  park  idea  which  called 
for  the  preservation  of  the  parks  in  their  original  state  should 
be  rigidly  lived  up  to. 

The  city,  on  the  other  hand,  claimed  that  the  water  to  be 
obtained  from  the  project  was  essential  to  the  city's  life  in  the 
years  to  come,  and  that  it  was  impracticable  to  obtain  it  from 
any  other  source.  Its  point  of  view  finally  triumphed.  As 
to  whether  this  triumph  was  a  rightful  one ;  and  as  to  whether 
it  will  be  a  precedent  for  commercial  raiding  of  the  parks, 
or  an  example  constituting  a  warning  against  that  danger  are 
questions  for  the  future  to  answer. 


HISTORY  II 

The  Movement  for  the  Establishment  of  the  National 
Park  Service.  A  number  of  years  before  Secretary  Lane  in- 
troduced the  reforms  in  park  administration  which  have  been 
described  in  the  preceding  section,  a  feeling  had  been  growing 
up  among  friends  of  the  parks  that  they  should  be  admin- 
istered by  a  special  bureau  devoting  its  time  to  park  affairs 
and  nothing  else.  Secretary  Lane's  innovations  were  hailed 
as  strides  in  the  right  direction,  but  it  was  felt  that  they  did 
not  go  far  enough. 

Secretary  Ballinger  had  recommended  the  creation  of  a 
''bureau  of  national  parks  and  resorts  under  the  supervision 
of  a  competent  commissioner"  in  his  annual  report  for  19 lo. 
The  American  Civic  Association,  a  society  which  has  always 
been  active  in  any  movement  for  park  betterment,  took  up  the 
cause  of  a  park  bureau  at  about  the  same  time.  It  is  not  too 
much  to  say  that  the  untiring  zeal  of  this  organization  in  keep- 
ing up  interest  in  the  project,  both  in  and  out  of  Congress,  by 
meetings,  publications,  and  influence  brought  to  bear  through 
the  most  powerful  press  organs,  had  more  to  do  with  the  final 
successful  issue  of  the  movement  than  any  other  one  factor. 
Sentiment  in  general  was  in  favor  of  the  creation  of  the  bu- 
reau, but  it  was  not  organized  and  was  largely  passive.  But 
for  the  life  the  American  Civic  Association  put  into  the 
movement  it  is  to  be  doubted  if  Congress  could  have  been 
induced  to  create  a  new  bureau  to  do  work  that  had  been 
getting  done  somehow  for  so  long  a  time  without  it. 

Another  important  factor  in  this  movement  was  the  series 
of  national  park  conferences  already  referred  to.  At  these 
meetings  of  practical  park  men,  with  a  practical  understanding 
of  park  problems,  the  park  bureau  project  found  many  cham- 
pions. 

What  may  be  termed  the  "Canadian  Argument"  was  much 
used  by  proponents  of  the  bureau  idea  throughout  the  move- 
ment. It  was  pointed  out  that  Canada  had  already  established 
a  bureau  of  parks  which  was  functioning  with  brilliant  suc- 
cess.    Secretaries  Fisher  and  Lane  were  both  in  favor  of  the 


12  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

creation  of  the  bureau  and  recommended  it  in  their  reports. 
President  Taft  thought  well  enough  of  it  to  address  a  special 
message  to  Congress  on  the  subject.  This  was  afterwards  in- 
corporated in  a  bulletin  of  the  American  Civic  Association  and 
given  wide  publicity.     President  Taft  said  in  part: 

I  earnestly  recommend  the  establishment  of  a  bureau  of 
national  parks.  Such  legislation  is  essential  to  the  proper 
management  of  those  wondrous  manifestations  of  nature. 
Every  consideration  of  patriotism  and  the  love  of  nature 
and  of  beauty  and  of  art  requires  us  to  expend  money  enough 
to  bring  all  these  natural  wonders  within  easy  reach  of  our 
people.  The  first  step  in  that  direction  is  the  establishment 
of  a  responsible  bureau  which  shall  take  upon  itself  the 
burden  of  supervising  the  parks  and  of  making  recommenda- 
tions as  to  the  best  methods  of  improving  their  accessibility  and 
usefulness. 

The  work  of  the  Division  of  Publications  in  the  Secretary's 
office  was  also  of  material  assistance  in  the  bureau  campaign. 
Its  annual  circulars  on  each  park  were  widely  distributed,  and 
as  a  knowledge  of  what  the  country  possessed  in  the  parks 
became  disseminated,  sentiment  in  favor  of  their  more  effi- 
cient management  was  crystallized.  The  issuance  by  the  divi- 
sion in  19 16,  of  an  elaborate  illustrated  brochure  entitled  The 
National  Parks  Portfolio,  in  an  edition  of  275,000  copies, 
aroused  popular  interest  in  the  parks,  and  copies  of  the  publica- 
tion were  eagerly  sought.  The  result  of  this  well-directed 
campaign  was  the  introduction  of  a  number  of  bills  in  Congress 
providing  for  the  creation  of  a  national  park  service.  Hear- 
ings were  held  before  the  Public  Lands  committees  in  19 12, 
1 9 14,  and  1 9 16,  and  on  August  25,  19 16,  the  National  Park 
Service  Act  became  a  law  (39  Stat.  L.,  535). 

The  National  Park  Service  Since  19 16.  The  text  of  the 
National  Park  Service  law  will  be  found  in  the  appendix. 
The  law  as  originally  enacted  is  in  force  to-day  except  for  two 
slight  amendments.  The  first  of  these  is  a  mere  proviso 
in  the  act  of  February  26,  19 19  (40  Stat.  L.,  1175),  creating 


HISTORY  13 

the  Grand  Canyon  National  Park,  to  the  effect  that  the  pro- 
vision of  the  original  law  with  regard  to  the  granting  of  priv- 
ileges, leases,  and  permits  shall,  in  the  case  of  the  Grand 
Canyon  Park,  be  so  construed  that  such  privileges,  leases, 
etc.,  "shall  be  let  at  public  auction  to  the  best  and  most  re- 
sponsible bidder."  The  second  amendment  is  part  of  the 
act  of  June  2,  1920  (41  Stat,  L.,  731),  accepting,  on  the  part 
of  the  National  Government,  the  cession  by  the  State  of  Cali- 
fornia, of  jurisdiction  over  Sequoia,  Yosemite,  and  General 
Grant  Parks.  A  clause  of  that  act  makes  a  change  in  the  pen- 
alties provided  in  the  original  act  for  violation  of  rules  and 
regulations  established  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

Since  the  creation  oi  the  service  in  August,  19 16,  four  new 
parks  and  five  new  monuments  have  been  added  to  the  sys- 
tem, which  now  totals  nineteen  parks  and  twenty- four  monu- 
ments, with  a  total  area  of  12,674  square  miles.  A  table  of  all 
the  parks,  together  with  a  map,  will  be  found  near  the  end  of 
this  section.  A  table  of  the  monuments  is  given  with  the  sec- 
tion on  the  national  monuments. 

One  of  these  new  monuments,  Casa  Grande,  originally  had 
the  status  of  a  park,  as  has  been  mentioned  above.  The  reason 
for  making  the  change  cannot  be  better  explained  than  by 
quoting  from  the  report  of  the  Director  of  the  National  Park 
Service  for  1918,  as  follows: 

When  the  National  Park  Service  was  organized  we  had  17 
national  parks  and  21  national  monuments.  We  now  have  16 
national  parks  and  24  national  monuments.  The  explanation 
is  that  one  of  the  national  parks  of  1916,  Casa  Grande  ruin, 
has  been  withdrawn  from  that  classification  and  been  made 
a  national  monument,  and  two  other  national  monuments  have 
been  created.  .  .  .  The  Casa  Grande  ruin  had  been  reserved  ^ 
and  became  loosely  classed  with  Hot  Springs  and  Yellowstone 
as   a  national  park,   notwithstanding  that   it  possessed  none 

*  By  an  Executive  Order  of  June  22,  1892,  authorized  by  a  clause 
in  the  sundry  civil  act  of  March  2,  1889  (25  Stat.  L.,  961)  which  also 
appropriated  $2000  for  the  restoration  of  the  ruin.  A  proclamation 
by  President  Taft,  Dec.  10,  1909  (36  Stat.  L.,  2504),  correcting 
Casa  Grande's  boundaries  refers  to  it  as  a  "reservation." 


14  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

of  the  accepted  qualities  of  parkhood.  .  .  .  President  Wil- 
son's proclamation  of  August  3,  1918  (40  Stat.  L.,  1818), 
declaring  it  a  national  monument,  does  little  more  than  con- 
firm one  of  several  opinions. 

Projects  are  now  on  foot  looking  to  the  creation  of  several 
additional  parks.  Prominent  among  these  proposed  parks 
are  the  region  including  the  Mammoth  Cave  of  Kentucky,  a 
large  area  in  the  sand  dune  region  of  Indiana  bordering  on 
Lake  Michigan,  and  the  region  in  Utah  surrounding  Bryce  Can- 
yon. It  is  also  proposed  to  enlarge  the  Yellowstone  by  taking 
in  a  large  territory  south  of  the  park — the  famous  country  of 
the  Three  Tetons  and  Jackson's  Hole — and  Sequoia  by  an- 
nexing the  contiguous  area,  which  contains  the  canyons  of  the 
King  and  Kern  rivers  and  about  seventy  miles  of  the  crest 
of  the  Sierra  Nevada.  This  region  is  notable  for  scenic  gran- 
deur and  for  the  location  within  its  confines  of  Mount  Whit- 
ney, the  highest  peak  in  the  continental  United  States.  It 
is  also  the  only  known  habitat  of  a  unique  and  peculiarly 
"game"  species  of  trout  recently  named  after  the  late  Presi- 
dent Roosevelt.  This  project  is  regarded  by  the  National 
Park  Service  as  the  most  meritorious  of  all  the  projects  for 
park  enlargement  so  far  put  forward. 

By  Executive  Orders  of  July  8,  1918  (No.  2905)  and  Jan- 
uary 28,  1921  (No.  3394),  the  area  of  the  proposed  addition  to 
the  Yellowstone  was  set  aside  and  reserved  from  settlement  un- 
der authority  of  the  act  of  June  25,  1910  (36  Stat.  L.,  847),  as 
amended  by  the  act  of  August  24,  1912  (37  Stat.  L,  497). 
This  prevents  the  acquisition  of  any  private  interests  in  the 
tract  reserved — except  mining  claims.  The  total  area  with- 
drawn covers  844,800  acres,  of  which  only  slightly  over  5000 
acres  are  patented  or  in  process  of  being  patented. 

The  National  Park  Service  Act  constitutes  the  organic  law  of 
the  park  system.  The  policy  of  the  National  Park  Service 
operating  under  it  was  set  forth  on  May  13,  19 18,  by  the 
late  Secretary  Lane  in  a  letter  to  Director  Mather,  in  which  he 
said: 


HISTORY  15 

The  National  Park  Service  has  been  estabHshed  as  a  bureau 
of  this  Department  just  one  year.  During  this  period  our 
efforts  have  been  chiefly  directed  toward  the  buikUng  of  an 
effective  organization  while  engaged  in  the  performance  of 
duties  relating  to  the  administration,  protection,  and  improve- 
ment of  the  national  parks  and  monuments,  as  required  by 
law.  This  constructive  work  is  now  completed.  The  new 
Service  is  fully  organized ;  its  personnel  has  been  carefully 
chosen ;  it  has  been  conveniently  and  comfortably  situated 
in  the  new  Interior  Department  Building;  and  it  has  been 
splendidly  equipped  for  the  quick  and  effective  transaction  of 
its  business. 

For  the  information  of  the  public,  an  outline  of  the  ad- 
ministrative policy  to  which  the  new  Service  will  adhere 
may  now  be  announced.  This  policy  is  based  on  three  broad 
principles :  First,  that  the  national  parks  must  be  maintained 
in  absolutely  unimpaired  form  for  the  use  of  future  genera- 
tions as  well  as  those  of  our  own  time;  second,  that  they  are 
set  apart  for  the  use,  observation,  health,  and  pleasure  of  the 
people;  and  third,  that  the  national  interest  must  dictate  all 
decisions  affecting  public  or  private  enterprise  in  the  parks. 

Every  activity  of  the  Service  is  subordinate  to  the  duties 
imposed  upon  it  to  faithfully  preserve  the  parks  for  posterity 
in  essentially  their  natural  state.  The  commercial  use  of 
these  reservations,  except  as  specially  authorized  by  law,  or 
such  as  may  be  incidental  to  the  accommodation  and  enter- 
tainment of  visitors,  will  not  be  permitted  under  any  cir- 
cumstances. 

In  all  of  the  national  parks  except  Yellowstone  you  may 
permit  the  grazing  of  cattle  ,in  isolated  regions  not  fre- 
quented by  visitors,  and  where  no  injury  to  the  natural  fea- 
tures of  the  parks  may  result  from  such  use.  The  grazing  of 
sheep,  however,  must  not  be  permitted  in  any  national  park. 

In  leasing  lands  for  the  operation  of  hotels,  camps,  trans- 
portation facilities,  or  other  public  service  under  strict  Gov- 
ernment control,  concessioners  should  be  confined  to  tracts 
no  larger  than  absolutely  necessary  for  the  purposes  of  their 
business  enterprises. 

You  should  not  permit  the  leasing  of  park  lands  for  sum- 
mer homes.  It  is  conceivable,  and  even  exceedingly  prob- 
able, that  within  a  few  years  under  a  policy  of  permitting  the 
establishment  of  summer  homes  in  national  parks,  these  res- 


1 6  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

ervations  might  become  so  generally  settled  as  to  exclude 
the  public  from  convenient  access  to  their  streams,  lakes,  and 
other  natural  features,  and  thus  destroy  the  very  basis  upon 
which  this  national  playground  system  is  being  constructed. 

You  should  not  permit  the  cutting  of  trees  except  where 
timber  is  needed  in  the  construction  of  buildings  or  other 
improvements  within  the  park  and  can  be  removed  without 
injury  to  the  forests  or  disfigurement  of  the  landscape,  where 
the  thinning  of  forests  or  cutting  of  vistas  will  improve  the 
scenic  features  of  the  parks,  or  where  their  destruction  is 
necessary  to  eliminate  insect  infestations  or  diseases  common 
to  forests  and  shrubs. 

In  the  construction  of  roads,  trails,  buildings,  and  other 
improvements,  particular  attention  must  be  devoted  always 
to  the  harmonizing  of  these  improvements  with  the  landscape. 
This  is  a  most  important  item  in  our  program  of  develop- 
ment and  requires  the  employment  of  trained  engineers  who 
either  possess  a  knowledge  of  landscape  architecture  or  have 
a  proper  appreciation  of  the  aesthetic  value  of  park  lands. 
All  improvements  will  be  carried  out  in  accordance  with  a 
preconceived  plan  developed  with  special  reference  to  the 
preservation  of  the  landscape,  and  comprehensive  plans  for 
future  development  of  the  national  parks  on  an  adequate 
scale  will  be  prepared  as  funds  are  available  for  this  purpose. 

Whenever  the  Federal  Government  has  exclusive  jurisdic- 
tion over  national  parks,  it  is  clear  that  more  effective  meas- 
ures for  the  protection  of  the  parks  can  be  taken.  The  Fed- 
eral Government  has  exclusive  jurisdiction  over  the  national 
parks  in  the  States  of  Arkansas,  Oklahoma,  Wyoming,  Mon- 
tana, Washington,  and  Oregon,  and  also  in  the  territories 
of  Hawaii  and  Alaska.  We  should  urge  the  cession  of  ex- 
clusive jurisdiction  over  the  parks  in  the  other  States,  and  par- 
ticularly in  California  ^  and  Colorado. 

There  are  many  private  holdings  in  the  national  parks,  and 
many  of  these  seriously  hamper  the  administration  of  these 
reservations.  All  of  them  should  be  eliminated  as  far  as  it 
is  practicable  to  accomplish  this  purpose  in  the  course  of 
time,  either  through  Congressional  appropriation  or  by  ac- 
ceptance of  donations  of  these  lands.  Isolated  tracts  in  im- 
portant scenic  areas  should  be  given  first  consideration,  of 
course,  in  the  purchase  of  private  property. 

^  See  act  of  June  2,  1920,  p.  104  infra. 


HISTORY  17 

Every  opportunity  should  be  afforded  the  pubHc,  wherever 
possible,  to  enjoy  the  national  parks  in  the  manner  that  best 
satisfies  the  individual  taste.  Automobiles  and  motorcycles 
will  be  permitted  in  all  of  the  national  parks ;  in  fact,  the 
parks  will  be  kept  accessible  by  any  means  practical^le. 

All  outdoor  sports  which  may  be  maintained  consistently 
with  the  observation  of  the  safeguards  thrown  around  the 
national  parks  by  law  will  be  heartily  endorsed  and  aided 
wherever  possible.  Mountain  climbing,  horse-back  riding, 
walking,  motoring,  swimming,  boating,  and  fishing  will  ever 
be  the  favorite  sports.  Winter  sports  will  be  developed  in  the 
parks  that  are  accessible  throughout  the  year.  Hunting 
will  not  be  permitted  in  any  national  park.  ^ 

The  educational,  as  well  as  the  recreational,  use  of  the 
national  parks  should  be  encouraged  in  every  practicable  way. 
University  and  high  school  classes  in  science  will  find  special 
facilities  for  their  vacation  period  studies.  Museums  con- 
taining specimens  of  wild  flowers,  shrubs,  and  trees,  and 
mounted  animals,  birds,  and  fish  native  to  the  parks,  and  other 
exhibits  of  this  character,  will  be  established  as  authorized. 

Low-priced  camps  operated  by  concessioners  should  be 
maintained,  as  well  as  comfortable  and  even  luxurious  hotels 
wherever  the  volume  of  travel  warrants  the  establishment  of 
these  classes  of  accommodations.  In  each  reservation,  as 
funds  are  available,  a  system  of  free  camp  sites  will  be  cleared, 
and  these  grounds  will  be  equipped  with  adequate  water  and 
sanitation  facilities. 

As  concessions  in  the  national  parks  represent  in  most  in- 
stances a  large  investment,  and  as  the  obligation  to  render 
service  satisfactory  to  the  Department  at  carefully  regulated 
rates  is  imposed,  these  enterprises  must  be  given  a  large 
measure  of  protection,  and  generally  speaking  competitive  busi- 
ness should  not  be  authorized  where  a  concession  is  meeting 
our  requirements,  which,  of  course,  will  as  nearly  as  possible 
coincide  with  the  needs  of  the  traveling  public. 

All  concessions  should  yield  revenue  to  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment, but  the  development  of  the  revenues  of  the  parks  should 
not  impose  a  burden  upon  the  visitor. 

Automobile  fees  in  the  parks  should  be  reduced  as  the  vol- 
ume of  motor  travel  increases. 

For  assistance  in  the  solution  of  administrative  problems  in 

«  But  see  p.  53,  infra. 


i8  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

the  parks  relating  both  to  their  protection  and  use,  the  scien- 
tific bureaus  of  the  Government  ofTer  facihties  of  the  highest 
worth  and  authority.  In  the  protection  of  the  pubhc  health, 
for  instance,  the  destruction  of  insect  pests  in  the  forests,  the 
care  of  wild  animals,  and  the  propagation  and  distribution  of 
fish,  you  should  utilize  their  hearty  cooperation  to  the  utmost. 

You  should  utilize  to  the  fullest  extent  the  opportunity  af- 
forded by  the  Railroad  Administration  in  appointing  a  com- 
mittee of  western  railroads  to  inform  the  traveling  public 
how  to  comfortably  reach  the  national  parks ;  you  should  dil- 
igently extend  and  use  the  splendid  cooperation  developed  dur- 
ing the  last  three  years  among  chambers  of  commerce,  tourist 
bureaus,  and  automobile  highway  associations  for  the  purpose 
of  spreading  information  about  our  national  parks  and  facili- 
tating their  use  and  enjoyment;  you  should  keep  informed  of 
park  movements  and  park  progress,  municipal,  county,  and 
State,  both  at  home  and  abroad,  for  the  purpose  of  adapting, 
whenever  practicable,  the  world's  best  thought  to  the  needs  of 
the  national  parks.  You  should  encourage  all  movements 
looking  to  outdoor  living.  In  particular  you  should  maintain 
close  working  relationship  with  the  Dominion  Parks  Branch  of 
the  Canadian  Department  of  the  Interior,  and  assist  in  the 
solution  of  park  problems  of  an  international  character. 

The  Department  is  often  requested  for  reports  on  pending 
legislation  proposing  the  establishment  of  new  national  parks 
or  the  addition  of  lands  to  existing  parks.  Complete  data  on 
such  parks  projects  should  be  obtained  by  the  National  Park 
Service  and  submitted  to  the  Department  in  tentative  form  of 
report  to  Congress. 

In  studying  new  park  projects,  you  should  seek  to  find  scen- 
ery of  supreme  and  distinctive  quality  or  some  natural  feature 
so  extraordinary  or  unique  as  to  be  of  national  interest  and  im- 
portance. You  should  seek  distinguished  examples  of  typical 
forms  of  world  architecture;  such,  for  instance,  as  the  Grand 
Canyon,  as  exemplifying  the  highest  accomplishment  of  stream 
erosion,  and  the  high,  rugged  portion  of  Mount  Desert  Island 
as  exemplifying  the  oldest  rock  formes  in  America  and  the  lux- 
uriance of  deciduous  forests. 

The  national  park  system  as  now  constituted  should  not  be 
lowered  in  standard,  dignity,  and  prestige  by  the  inclusion  of 
areas  which  express  in  less  than  the  highest  terms  the  partic- 
ular class  or  kind  of  exhibit  which  they  represent. 


HISTORY  19 

It  is  not  necessary  that  a  national  park  should  have  a  large 
area.  The  element  of  size  is  of  no  importance  as  long  as  the 
park   is   susceptible   of   effective   administration   and   control. 

You  should  study  existing  national  parks  with  the  idea  of 
improving  them  by  the  addition  of  adjacent  areas  which  will 
complete  their  scenic  purposes  or  facilitate  administration. 
The  addition  of  the  Teton  Mountains  to  the  Yellowstone  Na- 
tional Park,  for  instance,  will  supply  Yellowstone's  greatest 
need,  which  is  an  uplift  of  glacier-bearing  peaks;  and  the  ad- 
dition to  the  Sequoia  National  Park  of  the  Sierra  summits  and 
slopes  to  the  north  and  east,  as  contemplated  by  pending  legis- 
lation, will  create  a  reservation  unique  in  the  world,  because 
of  its  combination  of  gigantic  trees,  extraordinary  canyons, 
and  mountain  masses. 

In  considering  projects  involving  the  establishment  of  new 
national  parks  or  the  extension  of  existing  park  areas  by  de- 
limination  of  national  forests,  you  should  observe  what  effect 
such  delimination  would  have  on  the  administration  of  adjacent 
forest  lands,  and  wherever  practicable  you  should  engage  in  an 
investigation  of  such  park  projects  jointly  with  officers  of  the 
Forest  Service,  in  order  that  questions  of  national  park  and 
national  forest  policy  as  they  affect  the  lands  involved  may  be 
thoroughly  understood. 

The  fundamental  purpose  of  the  park  system  is  stated  in  the 
National  Park  Service  Act  to  be  the  conservation  of  the 
scenery  and  natural  and  historic  objects  and  wild  life  of  the 
parks  in  such  manner  as  will  leave  them  unimparied  for  the 
enjoyment  of  future  generations.  This  thought  was  empha- 
sized by  Secretary  Lane  in  his  statement  of  policy  quoted 
above.     It  is  the  gist  of  the  national  park  idea. 

Particular  attention  is  drawn  to  this  matter  here  because 
in  the  few  years  since  the  Service  has  been  established  events 
have  occurred  which  indicate  that  it  will  be  the  center  about 
which  will  be  re  fought,  on  a  much  larger  scale,  the  struggle 
which  occurred  over  the  Hetch  Hetchy,  referred  to  in  the  pre- 
ceding section.  Proponents  of  power,  irrigation,  and  water 
supply  projects  want  to  get  in  the  parks,  claiming  that  local 
needs  along  these  lines  should  outweigh  other  considerations. 


20  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

In  his  most  recent  report  Director  Mather  draws  attention 
to  the  fact  that  no  less  than  five  extensive  irrigation  power 
projects  proposing  to  utiHze  the  waters  of  Yellowstone  lakes 
and  rivers  by  impounding  them  within  the  park  itself  have  been 
vigorously  furthered  by  Idaho,  Montana,  and  Wyoming  in- 
terests since  19 19,  and  that  one  of  them  had  got  before  Con- 
gress and  secured  a  favorable  vote  in  the  Senate.  It  is  the  opin- 
ion of  the  Director,  after  careful  investigations,  that  any  one  of 
these  projects,  if  completed,  would  seriously  mar  the  beauty 
of  the  park. 

A  still  more  serious  menace  to  the  National  Park  Idea  was 
contained  in  the  Federal  Water  Power  Act,  signed  by  Presi- 
dent Wilson  on  June  10,  1920  (41  Stat.  L.,  1063).  This  act, 
v^^hen  submitted  to  the  National  Park  Service  in  tentative 
form,  safeguarded  the  parks  and  monuments  from  commer- 
cial invasion  for  water  power  or  irrigation  purposes;  but  as 
finally  passed  by  Congress  it  contained  a  provision  specifically 
opening  up  all  the  parks  and  monuments  for  water  power  devel- 
opment. Upon  protest  being  made,  the  bill  was  signed  with 
the  understanding  that  amendatory  legislation  would  be  pre- 
sented and  passed  at  the  next  session  of  Congress  excluding 
the  parks  and  monuments  from  the  scope  of  the  act.  This 
action  was  taken,  and  an  act  repealing  so  much  of  the  Federal 
Water  Power  Act  as  authorized  the  use  of  existing  parks  and 
monuments  for  power  projects  was  signed  on  March  3,  1921 
(41  Stat.  L.,  1353).  The  parks  were  further  safeguarded 
from  the  operation  of  the  act  by  the  inclusion  of  a  clause  in 
the  sundry  civil  act  of  March  4,  1921  (41  Stat.  L.,  1380), 
providing  that  no  part  of  the  appropriation  for  the  Federal 
Power  Commission  should  be  used  for  any  expense  connected 
with  the  leasing  of  water  power  facilities  in  any  national  park 
or  monument. 

Between  the  passage  of  the  Water  Power  Act  and  its  amend- 
ment several  applications  were  made  to  the  Federal  Power 
Commission  for  licenses  for  water  power  rights  in  the  Sequoia, 
Yosemite,  and  Grand  Canyon  parks.     The  commission,  how- 


HISTORY  21 

ever,  at  the  solicitation  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  agreed 
not  to  consider  applications  for  licenses  within  the  parks  until 
Congress  had  an  opportunity  to  enact  the  promised  amen- 
datory legislation. 

The  successors  of  the  late  Secretary  Lane  have  taken  a  like 
stand  with  regard  to  park  exploitation.  One  of  the  last  ut- 
terances of  Judge  John  Barton  Payne  before  relinquishing  the 
Secretaryship  of  the  Interior  was  the  following: 

In  my  view  the  greatest  assets,  stated  with  reasonable  lim- 
itations, of  the  country  are  such  national  monuments  and  parks 
as  the  Yellowstone,  the  Grand  Canyon  and  other  national 
parks  which  the  Congress  from  time  tO'  time  has  set  aside.  If 
those  parks  may  be  encroached  upon  for  a  commercial  pur- 
pose, sooner  or  later  they  will  be  destroyed,  in  my  view.  It 
ought  not  to  be  a  question  of  utility.  Congress  presumably 
considered  that  when  it  set  a  park  aside.  No  one  feels  more 
keenly  than  I  the  wisdom  of  conserving  water  for  reclamation 
and  power  purposes,  but  that  should  not  be  done  at  the  cost  of 
any  of  our  national  parks  or  monuments.  And  where  the 
question  is  one  even  for  debate,  every  doubt  should  be  resolved 
in  favor  of  the  integrity  of  the  national  parks. 

The  water  never  remains  in  the  park,  and  in  the  final  analy- 
sis it  is  a  question  of  expense,  because  without  exception,  so 
far  as  I  know,  there  is  always  opportunity  of  using  the  water 
after  it  leaves  the  park. 

Now,  on  the  Yellowstone  project,  I  gave  a  hearing  to  gentle- 
men when  I  was  in  the  Yellowstone  last  July,  and  we  had  a 
perfectly  frank  dicussion  of  the  subject,  and  it  finally  came  to 
the  proposition  that  the  project  could  not  afford  the  cost  un- 
less the  free  lands  in  the  park  could  be  used  for  that  purpose ; 
that  to  buy  the  land  for  a  storage  reservoir,  and  pay  the  dam- 
ages incident  thereto,  would  make  a  burden  on  the  reclamation 
project  which  it  could  ill  afford  to  bear.  I  said  that  that 
should  not  be  a  question  for  debate.  If  the  project  cannot 
afford  to  bear  the  expense  of  acquiring  new  lands  and  pay 
the  damages,  then  the  project  should  be  abandoned,  if  the  con- 
verse of  the  proposition  was  the  possible  injury  and  destruc- 
tion of  a  national  park. 

The  Yellowstone  is  worth  more  tO'  this  country,  it  is  worth 
more  to  Montana  and  Idaho  and  Wyoming  than  any  utilitar- 


22  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

ian  use  to  which  it  may  be  applied.  It  is  not  only  an  asset  for 
those  adjacent  states  but  for  the  whole  country,  and  will  attract 
people  to  that  section  always,  and  Congress  and  the  people  in 
the  country  should  do  everything  in  their  power  to  preserve 
it  in  the  best  possible  state  as  a  national  asset. 

And  what  I  feel  about  Yellowstone  is  my  view  about  all 
these  parks. 

Secretary  Fall  on  June  i,  1921,  wrote  as  follows  to  the 
Chairman  of  the  Senate  Committee  on  Irrigation  and  Re- 
clamation : 

I  am  in  receipt  of  your  request  for  report  upon  S.  274  and 
275,  proposing  to  authorize  the  State  of  Montana,  or  irriga- 
tion districts  authorized  by  the  State,  to  build  a  dam  across 
Yellowstone  River  at  a  point  not  more  than  three  miles  below 
the  outlet  of  Lake  Yellowstone,  for  the  regulation  of  the  waters 
of  the  Lake  for  irrigation  purposes.  This  construction  would 
be  within  the  limits  of  the  Yellowstone  National  Park. 

I  can  not  favor  the  enactment  of  the  measure.  I  do  not 
believe  it  would  be  advisable  for  Congress  to  permit  private 
interests  to  develop  irrigation  or  power  sites  within  the  limits 
of  existing  national  parks.  These  parks  were  created  by  Con- 
gress for  the  preservation  of  the  scenery,  forests,  and  other  ob- 
jects of  beauty  and  interest  in  their  natural  condition,  and  they 
are  created  and  maintained  for  general  and  national  purposes 
as  contradistinguished  from  local  development. 

If  cases  be  found  where  it  is  necessary  and  advisable  in  the 
public  interest  to  develop  power  and  irrigation  possibilities  in 
national  parks,  and  it  can  be  done  without  interference  with 
the  purposes  of  their  creation,  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  it 
should  only  be  permitted  to  be  done,  whether  through  the  use 
of  private  or  public  funds,  on  specific  authorization  by  Con- 
gress, the  works  to  be  constructed  and  controlled  by  the  Fed- 
eral Government. 

Local  feeling  on  this  question  is  illustrated  by  the  action 
taken  by  the  Idaho  legislature  at  its  1921  session.^  For  many 
years  the  park  officers  both  in  Washington  and  at  the  several 
parks,  have  urged  state  legislation  creating  large  game  pre- 

^  Idaho  Senate  Bill  173,  approved  March  i,  1921. 


HISTORY  23 

serves  immediately  adjoining  several  of  the  parks,  which  from 
their  size  and  location,  are  especially  important  wild-life  re- 
fuges. This  applied  with  especial  force  to  the  Yellowstone, 
The  desirability  of  such  legislation  is  apparent.  Certain 
protected  animals,  especially  the  elk  and  buffalo  herds  of  the 
Yellowstone,  are  prone  to  wander  at  certain  seasons  beyond 
the  park  boundaries,  seeking  fresh  grazing  grounds,  and  fre- 
quently they  have  been  met  by  hunters  and  indiscriminately 
slaughtered.     Serious  depletion  of  the  park's  herds  has  resulted. 

At  the  last  session  of  the  Idaho  legislature  a  game  preserve 
was  created  approximately  seven  miles  wide,  and  running 
from  nearly  opposite  the  southwest  corner  of  the  park  north- 
ward to  the  Continental  Divide  and  the  Idaho-Montana  line. 
The  act,  however,  contains  the  proviso  that  the  preserve  shall 
not  be  closed  to  hunting  and  actually  made  a  sanctuary  until 
the  National  Government  certifies  that  the  southwest  corner  of 
the  park  is  made  available  for  irrigation  reservoirs,  or  until  the 
boundaries  of  the  park  are  so  revised  as  to  eliminate  the  south- 
west corner  and  thus  make  it  available  for  irrigation  projects. 

The  other  states  bordering  on  the  Yellowstone,  Wyoming, 
and  Montana,  also  passed  game  preserve  legislation  at  their 
192 1  legislative  sessions.  In  both  states  new  fish  and  game 
commissions  were  created  with  broad  powers,  including  the 
authority  to  establish  game  preserves  in  any  parts  of  their  re- 
spective states,  whenever,  in  their  judgment,  such  action  is 
advisable.  The  Montana  law,  however,  is  practically  nulli- 
fied by  the  provision  that  the  commission  cannot  establish  a 
game  preserve  unless  the  same  is  petitioned  for  by  75  per 
cent  of  the  actual  property  owners  of  the  district  proposed  to 
be  set  aside  as  a  preserve. 

A  large  game  preserve  was  created  by  the  State  of  Colorado 
in  19 19,  enclosing  the  Rocky  Mountain  Park  on  three  sides, 
the  fourth  being  closed  by  the  Continental  Divide. 

The  State  of  Washington  has  passed  a  law  somewhat  sim- 
ilar to  the  Montana  and  Wyoming  laws.  Under  its  provisions 
county  game  commissioners  can  set  aside  as  game  preserves 


24  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

any  state,  school,  or  granted  lands,  certain  designated  waters, 
private  lands  (with  the  consent  of  the  owners),  and  national 
forest  areas  (with  the  consent  of  the  Chief  Forester  of  the 
United  States). 

An  important  bit  of  park  legislation  was  enacted  June  5, 
1920  (41  Stat.  L.,  917)  in  the  shape  of  a  general  authoriza- 
tion to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  accept  for  the  National 
Government,  in  his  discretion,  gifts  of  patented  lands  or  other 
lands,  buildings  or  other  properties  within  the  various  national 
parks  and  monuments,  and  moneys  which  may  be  donated 
for  the  purposes  oi  the  national  park  and  monument  system. 
This  provision  supersedes  several  clauses  in  the  sundry  civil 
act  of  June  12,  1917  (401  Stat.  L.,  152),  authorizing  accep- 
tances by  the  Secretary  of  gifts  in  Glacier,  Mt.  Rainier,  Mesa 
Verde,  Rocky  Mountain,  and  Crater  Lake,  as  well  as  gifts  of 
lands  etc.,  including  the  upper  slopes  of  Grandfather  Moun- 
tain, near  the  Boone  National  Forest  in  Western  North  Car- 
olina, a  region  which  after  having  been  under  consideration  for 
park  purposes  for  several  years  has  been  rejected  as  unsuitable 
after  a  careful  examination  by  the  National  Park  Service. 

Under  this  authorization  a  number  of  gifts  have  been  made 
to  the  nation  within  the  past  year,  the  latest  being  a  square 
mile  of  forest  land  in  the  Sequoia  Park,  the  last  redwood 
stand  there  which  had  been  privately  owned.  This  was  se- 
cured and  handed  over  to  the  National  Park  Service  at  a  cost 
of  $55,000  through  the  instrumentality  of  the  National  Geo- 
graphic Society. 

Another  important  event  having  to  do  with  privately-owned 
land  within  park  boundaries  was  the  tennination,  in  the  Gov- 
ernment's favor,  of  long-drawn-out  litigation  over  some  min- 
ing claims  in  the  Grand  Canyon.  The  decision  of  the  LTnited 
States  Supreme  Court  in  this  case  ^  established  the  proposition 
that  the  Government  can,  in  the  public  interest,  examine  min- 
ing claims  in  the  national  parks  and  monuments  with  a  view 
to  determining  their  validity,  and,  in  the  event  of  their  prov- 

^  Cameron  et  al  vs.  United  States ;  252  U.  S.,  450 


HISTORY  25 

ing  to  be  non-mineral,  declare  them  invalid,  thus  preventing  the 
holding  ol  lands  within  a  park  on  the  pretext  that  they  are 
mineral-bearing. 

By  act  approved  June  2,  1920  (41  Stat.  L.,  731),  Congress 
accepted  the  cession  by  the  State  of  California  of  exclusive 
jurisdiction  of  the  territory  within  Yosemite,  Sequoia,  and 
General  Grant  Parks.  The  state  act  was  passed  April  15, 
191 9.  This  was  an  important  step  toward  complete  national 
jurisdiction  in  all  the  national  parks,  which  consummation  will 
alone  create  a  satisfactory  situation  throughout  the  park  sys- 
tem with  regard  to  the  enforcement  of  the  regulations.  In  the 
parks  over  which  the  laws  of  the  state  in  which  they  are  lo- 
cated obtain,  great  difficulties  in  administration  are  at  times 
encountered,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  department  has  no 
jurisdiction  to  punish  offenses  in  violation  of  the  regulations 
relating  thereto,  and  particularly  in  the  matter  of  preventing 
depredations  on  the  game.  Exclusive  national  jurisdiction 
now  exists  in  nine  parks  Yellowstone,  Yosemite,  Sequoia, 
General  Grant,  Piatt,  Glacier,  Mount  Rainier,  Crater  Lake, 
and  Hot  Springs.  Penalties  for  the  violation  of  the  laws 
and  regulations  have  been  prescribed  for  ail  these  parks,  and 
commissioners  appointed  for  the  trial  of  offenders  in  each 
one  of  them  except  Piatt. 

The  period  since  the  creation  of  the  National  Park  Service 
is  also  notable  for  the  assumption  by  the  Department  of  the 
Interior  of  complete  control  of  all  activities  connected  with 
the  park  system.  This  was  brought  about  by  the  final  re- 
linquishment by  the  War  Department  of  police  duties  which 
it  had  performed  for  a  considerable  period  in  the  California 
parks  and  in  the  Yellowstone,  and  by  the  withdrawal  of  the 
Corps  of  Engineers  from  all  connection  with  park  road  and 
trail  construction.  The  last  detachment  of  soldiers  to  gar- 
rison Fort  Yellowstone  was  withdrawn  from  the  park  on 
October  31,  19 18,  and  the  Corps  of  Engineers  was  relieved  of 
further  duty  in  connection  with  the  road  work  on  July  ist  of 
the  same  year.     On  July  19th  of  the  following  year  the  en- 


26  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

Sfineers  were  withdrawn  from  Crater  Lake,  and  the  control  of 
the  park  service  was  at  last  complete  throughout  the  entire 
system.  These  changes  were  effected  by  transference  of  ap- 
propriations in  the  sundry  civil  acts  of  1918  and  1919  (40 
Stat.  L.,  634,  and  41  Stat,  L.,  163).  This  finally  ended  what 
had  always  been  an  anomalous  situation,  involving  a  duplica- 
tion and  even  a  triplication  of  control.  For  example,  in  the 
Yellowstone  the  Superintendent  reported  to  the  National  Park 
Service  and  had  no  control  over  the  commandant  of  the  troops 
engaged  in  patrol  work  or  the  engineer  officer  in  charge  of 
road  construction.  The  commandant  reported  to  the  Western 
Military  Department  at  San  Francisco,  and  the  engineer  officer 
to  the  Chief  of  Engineers  of  the  Army.  It  was  thus  neces- 
sary to  maintain  at  the  park  three  distinct  offices,  three  office 
forces,  and  separate  warehouses  for  equipment  and  sup- 
plies. 

A  word  is  in  order  here  as  to  how  this  cumbersome  system 
grew  up.  The  organic  acts  creating  the  Yellowstone  Park 
and  the  three  parks  in  California  (17  Stat.  L.,  32;  26  Stat. 
L.,  478,  650)  gave  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  power  to 
make  rules  and  regulations,  but  no  means  of  enforcing  them. 
Considerable  disorder  and  license  resulted,  and  Congress  met 
the  situation  by  including  in  the  act  of  March  3,  1883  (22 
Stat.  L.,  626)  a  clause  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  the  In- 
terior to  call  upon  the  Secretary  of  War  for  details  of  troops 
for  protection  of  the  Yellowstone.  A  similar  clause  was  in- 
corporated in  the  act  of  June  6,  1900  (31  Stat.  L.,  618)  with 
regard  to  the  Sequoia,  General  Grant,  and  Yosemite  parks  in 
California.  The  same  act  (31  Stat.  L.,  625)  in  making  ap- 
propriations for  the  Yellowstone  Park  under  the  War  De- 
partment provided  that  thereafter  road  extensions  and  im- 
provements in  the  park  should  be  made  under,  and  in  har- 
mony with,  a  plan  to  be  approved  by  the  Chief  of  Engineers. 
Engineer  troops  and  officers  came  to  be  employed  in  some  of 
the  other  parks,  notably  Crater  Lake  and  Mount  Rainier, 
simply  by  the  making  of  appropriations  for  road  construction 


HISTORY  27 

work  under  the  War  Department  instead  of  the  Interior  De- 
partment. 

This  system  was  probably  unavoidable  in  the  early  days 
of  the  parks,  and  probably  saved  the  Yellowstone  from  injury. 
But  as  time  went  on  it  became  more  and  more  apparent  that 
a  system  of  civilian  control  was  to  be  preferred.  Then,  too, 
it  was  most  unjust  to  the  Army.  Vast  appropriations  charged 
to  the  War  Department  were  really  expended  for  the  benefit 
of  the  Department  of  the  Interior.  Secretary  Garrison  on 
May  I,  19 14,  called  this  to  the  attention  of  Secretary  Lane  in 
a  letter  reviewing  the  matter,  and  suggested  that  the 
time  had  come  for  the  Department  of  the  Interior  to  take  over 
the  complete  handling  of  the  parks. 

The  military  forces  were  withdrawn  from  the  Yellowstone 
in  October,  1916,  and  a  special  ranger  force  created  to  take 
over  the  work.  A  year  later,  however.  Congress  concluded 
that  the  park  should  be  guarded  by  soldiers,  and  by  making 
Interior  Department  funds  non-available  for  protective  pur- 
poses through  legislation  in  the  act  of  June  12,  19 17  (40  Stat. 
L.,  151)  made  necessary  the  recall  of  the  cavalry  to  the  park. 
The  troops  were  withdrawn  definitely  from  the  California 
parks  in  19 13.  With  the  final  withdrawal  from  the  Yellow- 
stone in  19 1 8  all  military  control  ceased,  and  all  the  parks 
are  now  protected  by  civilian  rangers.  The  system  of  ranger 
control  is  described  in  the  chapter  on  Organization. 

Other  events  of  importance  in  recent  park  history  have  been 
an  inspection  trip  of  a  number  of  members  of  the  House  Com- 
mittee on  Appropriations  to  six  of  the  leading  northern 
parks  in.,  the  summer  of  1920,  and  the  formal  establishment 
and  designation  of  a  great  connected  highway  between  the 
major  parks  of  the  Far  West  to  be  known  as  the  National 
Park-to-Park  Highway. 

Mention  of  this  highway  leads  naturally  to  mention  of 
the  automobile,  the  basic  motive  for  the  creation  of  the  road 
being  the  desire  for  the  establishment  of  a  trunk  line  for  motor 
vehicles  that  will  take  the  auto  tourists  to  every  one  of  the 


28  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

greater  parks  of  the  Far  West.  The  proposal  has  the  approval 
of  the  American  Automobile  Association  and  the  support  of 
the  National  Park  Service. 

There  was  much  argument,  pro  and  con,  before  the  automo- 
bile was  permitted  to  enter  the  parks  in  the  early  years  of 
Secretary  Lane's  incumbency.  Those  opposed  to  its  admis- 
sion held  that  to  do  so  would  be  a  violation  of  the  National 
Park  Idea  in  that  it  would  be  an  essential  ignoring  of  that 
part  of  the  "Idea"  which  contemplated  the  retention  of  the 
parks  in  their  original  condition.  It  was  argued  on  the  other 
hand,  that  the  admission  of  the  auto  would  render  the  parks 
more  accessible  to  the  people  and  thus  make  of  them  to  a 
much  fuller  extent  "public  parks  and  pleasuring-grounds." 
There  seems  to  be  no  question  that  a  great  and  ever-increas- 
ing number  of  people  are  visiting  the  parks  in  this  manner,  as 
an  examination  of  the  statistics  in  the  appendix  will  disclose. 
Moreover,  the  automobile  has  been  a  most  important  revenue- 
producer.  Director  Mather  stated  at  the  sundry  civil  hearings 
of  December  i6,  1920,  that  about  60  per  cent  of  the  revenue 
collected  in  the  parks  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1920,  came  from  this  source. 

In  the  construction  of  this  highway  it  is  proposed  that  the 
eleven  states  concerned  build  those  sections  passing  through 
well-settled  portions  of  their  respective  territories,  and  that 
the  National  Government  assist  in  constructing  those  sections 
traversing  thinly  populated  regions. 

The  sundry  civil  act  of  June  12,  1917  (40  Stat.  L.,  153) 
provided  that  after  July  i,  19 18,  all  revenues  from  national 
parks  except  those  from  Hot  Springs  should  be  covered  into 
the  Treasury  to  the  credit  of  miscellaneous  receipts.  Previous 
to  that  time  the  revenues  had  been  expended  in  the  parks  in 
which  earned.  The  relation  of  these  revenues  to  the  amounts 
granted  by  Congress  forms  an  interesting  study.  The  total 
appropriations  for  1920  totalled  $907,070.76  and  the  revenues 
for  the  same  period  totalled  $316,877.96,  or  approximately 
35  per  cent  of  the  cost  of  maintenance.     The  total  appropria- 


4^/  ""'^  ■'     ^ 


lOOllI 


1^ 

r 


^k^^^^^V  'r;!?-J^^<^£%%^         Santa  FeV     r^  ./        \     ^ VI  iUUs*^"    >  A 

>    _  „.. ^^  ""Kon*     -'ir^^.-h^ ^    \     /  I  \_  ..  • ' — vii:>"or-t!)_-  ^^j|  1 5„^„t^rt   y.9i      /  ■ 


Hot.spoines  J\l-r«t 0 


?^"ziPi^^-^ 


Swee+W3ter» 

T        E 


^'Oallas 


'D  ^  - .„. 

[  THE   HAWAIIAN     ISLANDS 


NATIONAL    PARKS    AND    NATIONAL    MON 


V 


n  Anton; 


I ^ \ ^  ^ 

lUMENTS    ADMINISTERED    BY    THE    NATIONAL    PARK    SERVICE 


HISTORY 


o  "•  ri  <^    2    pSrt 
3  ■-'ft  p   S^  ^-^-i" 


a- 


<3-  o   « 

O  P      c      ""* 

p  5.   -*    2L 


Crt 


K 


p  p       — 
<  u  • 


M      kJ      Jjj 


2.3 


O  (U     o     o 


S^       CO       ^"M 


O  Ol  *  eo  M  H 

0  O  O  o  2.  " 

131      ?.  ^ 

rt  (9  rt  5  P  V 

1  1  2.2  '^  o 
•<'<'<  2. P-3 

NVio       "     3' 


S         3        i      dl 


g  P  o 

3  If 


s  = 


3-       3-       3-P      3*    3- 


3  3  ""  D-  «■  rt- 

►1  ►I  IJI— I  S  '-1  '-I 

p_  p^  p_w,  re  3  3 

h^  w  5^3  O  g  O 


e-    3       C- 


C  :2  o  ft 

5- 5-^  S- 


ago: 

B  '-'  P    - 

f   o  I"? 


^>;?pS 


c  c 


oco'-io\ooa\'H    o\     "o^Ao\>' 


"O  vo  ^  ^  "O     \0  O 


■^O  OOVO  O   0\V0   CO    -^ 


^  5. 


^  00   ^  -f^ 


to     00       0\       VO 


i^    ;s; 


O  ^        ^.I   Ki        VO 


P    i. 


•^   ^ 


,  O     CO      CO       00 


O      ft   00       CO  o 


O    M  Js.    ON 


o  o 
4^  3 
O  ft 


29 


H  5 


?   H 

.   f^ 

i,  p3 

>  0 

n    » 

00   •< 

io   H 

ff,   « 

>o    M 

«    ^ 

ra    > 

.V    H 

P   0 

r?  :^ 

-  > 

o  r 

!0     *T3 

0     > 

2   ^ 

n    M 

'    » 

r    < 

,     0 

2!     W 

§0 

J;^  R 

«  Tj 

n  > 

•q     >0 

n    H 

>    W 

d    2: 

^  H 

-•  0 

"^ 

H 

K 

H 

l-H 

2 

H 

M 

W 

0 

w 

30 


THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 


"  I  2    .2     "^ 

dj  u  r;         ^j5 

1^  1^  ^§>, 


^  ^ 


I    O  3 


^6   . 


05  I 

l-  U  O  3  t- 

"S -Soil's 

•  S^t;  0.2 
O  m  "S  t-  1-1 


\^' 


lO 


3  b£)tl  J5"n 


.  o  vX 


lU 

<«  ID  55 


*-•  i-  e  A 

lU   Jj  C  J^ 

W«  rt  3 

t3  u  o 

M    >  9  lU 


4J        V4_(  O 

„>n3  fe-^  C  3  m  <u 

bo  u  „  >>.3  Vh    L  <u 

Ct;"c      „<ubOo^i-. 


"">«  o-r|  bo 
^o2g-S 

y  °  >i  5  rt 

u  o^ 


i"n      M 


o      ^ 


4J   C 


_      M 


"-.  O 
tno  O 


^    "S 


<u  "^      fi      r 


•a  ^  n!  o 


s.s 


^      o 


_2        43  5  U)  iL,  w 

•S      3  Rmu  2 


S--S  ":? 


t^i      «  E 


•^ 


2  1   o'S.-M 

,„  «'•«  "  3  2 

m  w  "      "^  a 

.     .fta-2  w 

^4^  ^-2^  I 


+J   O   (U  flj   cu 

.2£-'S^E'5o£^H 


^,  t^  B 


g-SSp,2g-S 


:  3-5 


rtii&„-5E^ 
c  rt  i;  u^  sm 

IS 


QJ  , 


"^O 


tn 


■m  rt"^  o  o  S  S3 


►2ot3    -C 


-f    5 


■2  ir,    •-■^ 


5      J3 


'2^<«..S.So    J"52 


Q  ° 


•a  o  ..  >  "  >-5     2  3 


•y  o    >  "  >'d    °  3  I 

r^       C-r)  Q.      '-• 
"3  >>i3^  "  u  rt 


*"  So- 
ts a^ 

C  3  ^ 


S.c? 


o  goo  =«  "7  ^ 

•r  bo'g  >W  S  S 
S  !=  S  2_  "  P-:  C  C  6 

B   .     5f    ,r  o  Clm  E  - 
52cK^cS^-o'=g 

"og^-3.S.S§i2sfc 
nSo^S2£^fe.S 


rt    1-1 


w   >^ 


S    OJ 


ns  1-;  bo 


■4-;~  tn  o 
^"3  "  "■ 


«       M 


.2     " 

r)      .3 
o      o 


h4     S 


S  rt  e 
I-  rt.2 


HISTORY  31 

tions  for  1921  were  $1,058,969.16,  with  a  corresponding  rev- 
enue of  $396,928.27. 

The  sources  of  park  revenue  are  four  in  number:  taxes  on 
concessions;  pubHc  utihties,  such  as  water,  telephone,  or 
power  systems;  natural  resources,  i.e.,  sales  of  dead  timber, 
stone,  hides  of  predatory  animals,  etc.;  and  automobile  and 
motorcycle  permits.  The  system  of  taxing  concessions  varies 
in  the  different  parks. 

Tables  of  statistics  showing  appropriations  for  the  several 
parks  and  monuments  are  given  in  the  Appendix. 

The  Several  Parks.  In  the  pages  that  follow  individual 
sketches  of  the  parks  in  the  national  system  are  given  in  some 
detail. 

Yellowstone.  The  creation  of  the  Yellowstone  National 
Park  and  the  legislation  authorizing  the  same  have  already 
been  referred  to.  For  more  than  a  decade  after  its  creation 
little  was  done  for  its  protection  or  development.  The  ap- 
propriations were  not  large,  and  the  lack  of  support  made  it 
impossible  for  the  early  superintendents  tO'  accomplish  much 
that  was  genuinely  constructive.  The  first  superintendent  was 
the  Hon.  N.  P.  Langford,  who,  as  mentioned  above,  had  been 
a  member  of  flie  Washburn-Doane  expedition.  He  received 
no  salary,  and  his  hands  were  so  securely  tied  by  lack  of  funds 
and  lack  of  means  for  enforcement  of  the  regulations  that  he 
was  practically  powerless.  He  was  nevertheless  severely  criti- 
cised for  his  administration. 

Civilian  administration  during  these  early  years  proving 
unsatisfactory,  the  act  of  March  3,  1883  (22  Stat.  L.,  626) 
made  some  radical  changes.  It  provided  for  a  civilian  superin- 
tendent and  ten  assistants,  but  the  protection  of  the  park  was 
entrusted  to  a  detail  of  troops  which  the  Secretary  of  the  In- 
terior was  authorized  to  request  of  the  Secretary  of  War, 
and  the  development  of  roads  and  bridges  was  entrusted  to 
the  Corps  of  Engineers  of  the  Army. 

The  act  of  August  4,  1886  (24  Stat.  L.,  240),  by  making  no 


32  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

provision  for  a  superintendent  or  assistant,  threw  the  entire 
administration  and  protection  of  the  parks  into  the  hands  of 
the  military,  there  being  nothing  for  the  Secretary  of  the  In- 
terior to  do  but  call  on  the  Secretary  of  War  for  a  detail  of 
troops.  This  practice  was  thereupon  continued  from  year  to 
year,  and  the  commanding  officer  of  Fort  Yellowstone  was  des- 
ignated as  acting  superintendent  reporting  to  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior.  The  soldiers,  thereafter,  were  used  not  merely 
for  purposes  of  protection  but  for  general  administrative  pur- 
poses, serving  practically  as  rangers. 

After  1 888,  up  to  and  including  1901,  the  park  appropria- 
tions were  made  directly  through  the  War  Department,  but 
expenditures  from  the  park  revenues  were  made  by  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior.  After  the  act  of  March  2,  1895  (^8 
Stat.  L.,  945),  under  which  the  War  Department  appropria- 
tions covered  protection  as  well  as  improvement,  expenditures 
from  the  revenues  could  be  made  for  managerial  purposes  only. 
Beginning  with  the  act  of  March  3,  1901  (31  Stat.  L.,  1169), 
small  appropriations  were  again  made  through  the  Interior 
Department  for  administration  and  protection,  out  of  which 
clerical  help  was  furnished  to  the  acting  superintendent  and  a 
few  scouts  and  other  additional  employees  paid. 

But  the  great  landmark  in  Yellowstone  legislation,  second 
only  to  the  organic  act,  was  the  act  of  May  7,  1894  (28  Stat. 
L.,  73)  which  put  teeth  into  the  earlier  law  and  enabled  the 
park  authorities  to  enforce  the  regulations  and  give  the  park 
and  its  wild  life  a  protection  never  enjoyed  before.  The  pas- 
sage of  this  act  was  brought  about  by  the  capture  of  a  poacher 
who  slaughtered  several  buffaloes,  well  knowing  that  if  caught, 
remoA^al  from  the  park  would  be  the  extent  of  his  punishment. 
This  resulted  in  immediate  action  by  Congress,  which  passed 
a  law  that  provided,  among  other  things,  for  the  appointment 
of  a  resident  United  States  Commissioner  with  power  to  try 
for  misdemeanors,  and  to  issue  process  and  commit  in  the  case 
of  felonies;  for  summary  arrest  in  case  of  open  violation  of 
the  regulations ;  for  the  erection  of  a  jail ;  and  for  the  appoint- 


HISTORY  33 

ment  of  a  resident  deputy  United  States  marshal.  This 
act  was  amended  and  made  more  practicable  by  the  act  of  June 
28,  1916  (39  Stat.  L.,  238),  which,  by  modifying  the  punish- 
ments prescribed,  made  it  possible  to  treat  violations  as  mis- 
demeanors and  thus  do  away  with  the  necessity  of  formal  in- 
dictment. 

A  fact  not  generally  known  is  that  the  entire  Yellowstone 
area  is  not  under  National  jurisdiction.  The  act  of  July  10, 
1890  (26  Stat.  L.,  222),  admitting  Wyoming  into  the  Union 
retained  national  jurisdiction  over  the  park  area.  This  law 
does  not  apply  to  the  strips  of  the  park  located  in  Montana 
and  Idaho.  These  strips,  however,  are  of  very  slight  extent, 
being  only  a  few  miles  wide.  The  greater  part  of  the  park, 
fully  95  per  cent  of  the  total  area,  is  in  Wyoming.  The  situa- 
tion, however,  is  one  which  contains  many  possibilities  for  con- 
flict, especially  in  regard  to  game  protection,  attention  to  which 
was  called  by  the  Chief  Forester  in  his  1916  report.  In  the 
Yellowstone  region,  comprising  the  park  and  adjacent  national 
forests,  the  game  in  the  park,  i.  e.,  in  the  Wyoming  portion 
of  it,  is  under  national  jurisdiction,  while  the  game  in  the 
forests  and  in  the  Idaho  and  Montana  park  strips  is  under 
state  jurisdiction,  there  being  three  states  with  differing  laws 
to  reckon  with. 

That  provision  of  the  organic  act  creating  the  National 
Park  Service  which  gives  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  author- 
ity to  permit  grazing  at  his  discretion  in  the  parks  and  monu- 
ments does  not  apply  to  the  Yellowstone.  No  grazing  is  per- 
mitted there. 

As  has  been  stated  above,  the  military  were  finally  with- 
drawn from  the  Yellowstone  in  1918,  and  entire  control  since 
that  time  has  been  in  the  hands  of  the  National  Park  Service. 

Yosemite.  Yosemite's  history  as  a  park  dates  back  to  be- 
fore the  days  of  the  Yellowstone,  the  valley  proper  and  the 
Mariposa  Big  Tree  Grove  having  been  granted  to  the  State 
of  California  for  use  as  a  state  park  by  the  act  of  June  30, 
1864  (13  Stat.  L.,  325).     The  whole  of  this  park  area  was 


34  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

surrounded  by,  but  not  included  in,  the  area  set  apart  by  the 
act  of  October  i,  1890  (26  Stat.  L.^  650)  for  a  national  park 
under  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 

The  act  of  April  28,  1904  (33  Stat.  L.,  478)  directed  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  ascertain  what  part  of  the  area 
set  aside  by  the  act  of  1890  was  not  necessary  for  park  pur- 
poses and  could  be  returned  to  the  public  domain.  In  the  fol- 
lowing year,  accordingly,  certain  lands  were  excluded  from 
the  area  originally  set  aside,  and  the  remaining  reservation 
was  named  the  Yosemite  National  Park  (act  of  February  7, 
I9C>5;  33  Stat.  L.,  702).  It  was  provided,  however,  that 
revenues  accruing  from  the  lands  excluded  should  go  to  the 
park.  With  the  formal  acceptance  by  the  United  States 
(Joint  resolution  of  June  11,  1906;  34  Stat.  L.,  831)  of  the 
recession  by  California  of  the  lands  given  for  a  state  park 
in  1864  (California  Session  Law,  March  3,  1905)  the  crea- 
tion of  the  Yosemite  as  a  national  park  was  complete,  the 
lands  receded  being  included  in  the  national  park  created  in 
1890. 

Beginning  with  the  season  of  1891  troops  were  detailed  to 
guard  the  park,  and  this  system  continued  except  for  short 
intervals  until  19 14,  when  they  were  withdrawn  by  agreement. 
The  act  of  June  6,  1900  (31  Stat.  L.,  618)  directed  the  Sec- 
retary of  War  to  make  troop  details  on  request  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior.  As  in  the  case  of  the  Yellowstone,  the 
commander  of  the  troops  was  acting  superintendent.  The 
troops  did  not  remain  in  the  park  during  the  winter,  however, 
and  no  permanent  post  was  established. 

The  act  of  December  19,  1913  (38  Stat.  L.,  242)  granted 
the  city  and  county  of  San  Francisco  the  right  to  create  a 
reservoir  in  the  Hetch  Hetchy  Valley  in  the  Yosemite  Park 
for  the  purpose  of  supplying  the  city  with  water. 

The  act  of  June  2,  1920  (41  Stat.  L.,  731)  accepted,  on  the 
part  of  the  United  States,  exclusive  jurisdiction  in  the  Yosem- 
ite, Sequoia,  and  General  Grant  Parks. 

Sequoia  and  General  Grant.     The  acts  of  September  25, 


HISTORY  35 

and  October  i,  1890  (26  Stat.  L.,  478  and  650)  set  aside, 
with  the  usual  conditions  as  to  control  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior,  the  making  by  him  of  rules  and  regulations,  and  the 
granting  of  leases,  etc.,  two  park  areas  in  California  which 
received  the  names,  respectively  of  Sequoia  and  General  Grant. 
The  history  of  these  two  parks  between  1891  and  19 14  cor- 
responds exactly  to  that  of  the  Yosemite  during  the  same  pe- 
riod. 

By  the  act  of  July  i,  1916  (39  Stat.  L.,  308)  there  was  ap- 
propriated the  sum  of  $50,000,  which  was  added  to  $20,000 
contributed  by  the  National  Geographic  Society,  and  the  whole 
used  to  purchase  some  private  holdings  in  Sequoia  Park,  which 
included  parts  of  the  Giant  Forest.  Since  then  other  gifts 
by  the  National  Geographic  Society  and  certain  citizens,  to- 
talhng  over  $80,000,  have  resulted  in  over  a  thousand  acres 
of  privately  owned  land  in  this  park  being  returned  to  public 
possession. 

As  these  parks  are  only  a  short  distance  apart,  and  as  the 
General  Grant  Park  is  very  small,  being  only  four  square  miles 
in  extent,  they  are  administered  together  under  one  superin- 
tendent. 

Mount  Rainier.  This  park,  which  includes  within  its  bound- 
aries the  mountain  after  which  it  was  named  and  the  adjacent 
territory,  was  created  by  the  act  of  March  2,  1899  (30  Stat. 
L-,  993)  which  differs  from  the  ordinary  park-creating  act 
in  that  it  provides  for  the  extension  of  the  mineral  land  laws 
to  the  territory  set  aside.  This  provision  was  nullified,  how- 
ever, by  the  act  of  May  27,  1908  (35  Stat.  L.,  365)  which 
prohibited  the  location  of  further  claims. 

A  concession  for  transportation  was  allowed  in  1902,  and 
the  park  placed  under  the  supervision  of  the  Forest  Supervisor 
of  the  State  of  Washington.  Protection  has  been  provided 
by  means  of  civilian  rangers  from  the  first  opening  of  the  park, 
although  much  of  the  original  road  construction  was  per- 
formed by  army  engineers. 

Cession  by  the  State  of  Washington  of  exclusive  jurisdic- 


36  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

tion  was  accepted  by  the  act  of  June  30,  19 16  (39  Stat.  L., 

243)- 

Crater  Lake.     Crater  Lake  National  Park,  comprising  about 

250  square  miles  in  Southwestern  Oregon,  surrounding  the 

lake  of  the  same  name,  was  created  by  the  act  of  May  22,  1902 

(32  Stat.  L.,  202).     This  act  corresponds  in  general  to  the 

other  park  acts,   but  makes   no  provision   for  use   of  park 

revenues  in  the  development  of  the  park,  as  do  the  acts  creating 

the  parks  heretofore  noticed.     Administration  and  protection 

have  always  been  performed  by  civilians,  but  until  1919  road 

building  was  in  charge  of  Army  engineers. 

Cession  of  exclusive  jurisdiction  by  Oregon  was  accepted 
by  the  United  States  by  the  act  of  August  21,  19 16  (39  Stat. 
L.,  512).  _      _  ?i 

Wind  Cave.  This  park,  which  includes  some  10,000  acres 
in  Southwestern  South  Dakota,  was  created  by  the  act  of  Jan- 
uary 9,  1903  (32  Stat.  L.,  765).  By  the  act  of  August  12, 
1912  (37  Stat.  L.,  293)  part  of  the  park  area  was  constituted 
a  game  preserve,  and  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  was  author- 
ized to  purchase  necessary  adjoining  lands  and  enclose  and 
protect  the  preserv^e.  Several  tracts  of  privately  owned  land 
which  were  inside  the  park  boundaries  at  the  time  the  park 
was  created  have  since  been  acquired  by  the  National  Govern- 
ment. 

The  game  preserve  is  in  charge  of  the  Bureau  of  Biological 
Survey  and  includes  some  4000  acres,  well  fenced,  on  which 
are  maintained  herds  of  buffalo,  elk,  antelope,  and  deer. 

An  Executive  Order  of  July  14,  1920,  temporarily  with- 
drew 234  sections  of  public  land  adjoining  the  park  to  con- 
serve a  water  supply  for  the  animal  herds. 

Piatt.  This  park,  known  as  Sulphur  Springs  Reservation 
until  the  name  was  changed  by  joint  resolution  of  June  29, 
1906  (34  Stat.  L.,  837),  was  created  by  the  act  of  July  i. 
1892  (32  Stat.  L.,  641,  655).  This  act  confirmed  an  agree- 
ment made  with  the  Choctaw  and  Chickasaw  Indians,  and  by 
its  provisions  a  tract  of  land,  to  be  designated  by  the  Secretary 


HISTORY  37 

of  the  Interior,  was  relinquished  to  the  United  States.  By  act 
of  April  21,  1904  (33  Stat.  L.,  220),  additions  were  made  to 
the  park,  which  now  comprises  approximately  850  acres  just 
outside  the  town  of  Sulphur,  Oklahoma.  The  park  contains 
several  unique  mineral  springs  and  is  of  considerable  natural 
beauty.  It  also  has  a  well-fenced  game  preserve  containing 
several  buffaloes  and  elk.  The  Enabling  Act  of  June  16,  1906 
(34  Stat.  L.,  267)  and  the  Oklahoma  Constitution  adopted 
July  16,  1907  provided  for  the  retention  of  National  jurisdic- 
tion over  the  park  area. 

Sully s  Hill.  In  the  Presidential  Proclamation  of  June  2, 
1904  (33  Stat.  L.,  2368),  under  the  act  of  April  24,  1904 
(33  Stat.  L.,  319),  throwing  open  the  Devils  Lake  Indian 
.Reservation  to  settlement,  there  is  incorporated  a  clause  ex- 
cepting some  780  acres  on  the  south  shore  of  Devils  Lake 
"for  public  use  as  a  park  to  be  known  as  Sullys  Hill  Park." 
No  provision  was  made  for  administration,  and  except  for  one 
small  appropriation — $500 — to  determine  its  mineral  or  non- 
mineral  qualities,  no  appropriations  have  been  made  for  the 
park  through  the  Department  of  the  Interior.  It  has  become 
an  important  game  preserve  of  the  Bureau  of  Biological  Sur- 
vey, however,  and  has  received  fairly  liberal  appropriations 
for  that  purpose.  Its  park  uses  are  mostly  in  the  nature  of  a 
local  picnic  ground. 

Mesa  Verde.  Mesa  Verde  Park,  notable  for  its  prehistoric 
ruins,  was  created  by  the  act  of  June  29,  1906  (34  Stat.  L., 
616)  which,  though  similar  in  general  form  to  the  average 
park-creating  law,  contains  a  provision  authorizing  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior  to  grant  permits  for  excavation.  In  1909 
an  attempt  was  made  to  amend  this  act  so  that  the  leases  and 
permits  granted  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  in  the  park 
should  be  restricted  to  coal  mining  for  local  use  in  Montezuma 
county,  Colorado,  the  revenue  derived  therefrom  to  be  covered 
into  the  Treasury  without  right  on  the  part  of  the  Secretary 
to  use  it  for  park  development.  This  act  was  vetoed  by 
President  Taft  on  April  28,  1910.     The  park's  area  was  en- 


38  THE  NATIONAL  PARK/   SERVICE 

larged   by   the   act   of   June    30,    1913    (38    Stat.    L.,    82). 

Considerable  archseological  research  has  been  done  in  the 
park  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  and  the  estabHshment  of 
a  school  of  archseology  has  been  proposed.  There  is  a  museum 
in  the  park  for  the  display  of  pottery  and  other  relics  of  the 
region. 

Glacier.  Glacier  Park  comprises  about  1500  square  miles 
in  northwestern  Montana  adjoining  the  Canadian  boundary, 
and  contains  within  its  borders  probably  the  finest  Alpine 
scenery  to  be  found  in  the  United  States  outside  of  Alaska. 
It  was  created  by  the  act  of  May  11,  1910  (36  Stat.  L.,  354). 
It  directly  adjoins  the  Waterton  Lakes  Park  of  the  Canadian 
park  system,  on  the  north. 

Appropriations  for  this  park  have  been  regular  and  fairly 
liberal  from  the  date  of  its  foundation,  and  it  has  been  de- 
veloped into  one  of  the  most  important  and  popular  parks  of 
the  entire  system.  Much  credit  for  the  development  and  ad- 
vertising of  the  park  is  due  the  Great  Northern  Railway,  which 
has  expended  between  two  and  three  million  dollars  in  the 
creation  of  a  system  of  hotels  and  chalets. 

All  park  activities  have  been  in  civilian  hands  from  the  first, 
the  military  arm  never  having  been  called  upon  for  either  pro- 
tection or  road  construction. 

Acceptance  from  Montana  of  exclusive  jurisdiction  was 
effected  by  the  act  of  August  22,  1914  (38  Stat.  L.,  699),  and, 
as  in  the  case  of  all  the  other  parks,  save  Piatt,  in  which  juris- 
diction has  been  ceded,  penalties  for  violations  of  the  laws  and 
regulations  were  prescribed,  and  provision  made  for  a  United 
States  Commissioner  with  jurisdiction  over  offenses  committed 
within  the  park. 

The  act  of  July  3,  1916  (39  Stat.  L.,  342)  provided  that  cer- 
tain homesteaders  who  had  entered  upon  lands  in  the  park 
area  before  the  park  was  created  should  be  protected  in  their 
rights,  but  that  in  the  event  of  the  non-perfecting  of  the  en- 
tries the  lands  covered  thereby  should  revert  to  the  park. 

By  the  act  of  March  3,  1917  (39  Stat.  L.,  1122)  the  Secre- 


HISTORY  39 

tary  of  the  Interior  was  authorized  to  exchange  for  private 
lands  held  within  the  park,  matured  timber  of  an  equal  value 
located  either  on  Government  land  in  the  park  or  in  the  ad- 
jacent national  forest  in  Montana. 

Rocky  Mountain.  Rocky  Mountain  Park  was  created  by 
the  act  of  June  26,  19 15  (38  Stat.  L.,  798),  the  law  being  sim- 
ilar to  the  standard  park-creating  law  save  for  an  inhibition 
upon  appropriations  of  more  than  $10,000  in  any  one  year  ex- 
cept by  special  Congressional  authorization.  This  proviso 
was  repealed  by  the  act  of  March  i,  19 19  (40  Stat.  L.,  1271). 
The  park's  boundaries  were  enlarged  by  the  act  of  February 
14,  1917  (39  Stat.  L.,  916),  giving  it  a  total  area  of  about 
400  square  miles.     It  is  located  in  north  central  Colorado. 

Hawaii.  Hawaii  Park  is  unique  for  several  reasons,  one 
being  that  it  was  created  on  the  initiative  of  Congress  by  the 
act  of  August  I,  1916  (39  Stat.  L.,  432),  the  act  varying  from 
the  standard  park  law  only  in  that  it  provided  that  no  appro- 
priation should  be  made  until  proper  conveyance  had  been 
made  to  the  United  States  of  rights  of  way  over  private  lands 
to  secure  access  to  the  park.  By  the  act  of  February  27, 
1920  (41  Stat.  L.,  452)  the  Governor  of  Hawaii  was  author- 
ized to  acquire,  at  Hawaii's  expense,  all  private  lands  lying  in 
the  park  boundaries  and  all  necessary  rights  of  way,  etc.,  there- 
over. Provision  was  therefore  made  by  an  appropriation  of 
$10,000  in  the  act  of  March  4,  1921  (41  Stat.  L.,  1407)  for 
the  necessary  administration  and  protection,  which  can  be  ef- 
fected with  a  superintendent,  clerk,  and  two  rangers.  It  is  the 
expectation  of  the  National  Park  Service  that  this  park 
will  speedily  become  very  popular  and  a  good  producer  of 
reA^enue. 

Lassen.  This  park,  located  in  northeastern  California, 
comprises  the  territory  surrounding  Mount  Lassen,  the  only 
active  volcano  within  the  limits  of  the  continental  United 
States.  It  was  created  by  the  act  of  August  9,  19 16  (39  Stat. 
L.,  442)  which  contains  an  inhibition  on  appropriations  of 
more  than  $5,000  without  express  authorization.     Two  appro- 


40  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

priations  have  been  made,  one  of  $2,500  by  the  act  of  June 
5,  1920  (41  Stat.  L.,  918)  ;  the  other,  of  $3,000  by  the  act  of 
March  4,  1921  (41  Stat.  L.,  1407),  arrangements  for  the  ex- 
penditure of  which  sum  in  the  construction  of  roads  and  trails 
have  been  made  with  the  Forest  Service.  Forest  Service 
employees  of  the  neighboring  Lassen  National  Forest  are  giv- 
ing the  park  what  protection  they  can.  A  movement  insti- 
tuted in  191 9  tO'  have  the  park  abolished  and  restored  to  the 
forest  reserve  proved  abortive. 

Mount  McKinley.  Mount  McKinley  Park  was  created  by 
the  act  of  February  26,  19 17  (39  Stat.  L.,  938).  The  act 
does  not  differ  from  the  other  park  acts  save  in  that  it  specif- 
ically continues  in  force  the  mineral  land  laws  as  regards  the 
park  area  and  limits  appropriations  to  $10,000  per  annum.  No 
appropriations  were  made  nor  anything  done  to  protect  the 
park  until  March  4,  192 1  (41  Stat.  Li.,  1407),  when  $8,000 
was  appropriated  for  its  protection.  A  ranger  with  one  assis- 
tant was  sent  into  the  park  in  the  Spring  of  1921,  and  a  start 
has  thus  been  made  toward  protection  of  the  great  game  herds, 
which  in  recent  years  have  been  seriously  harried  by  poachers. 
It  is  believed  that  this  territory  will  become  as  great  a  game 
preserve  as  the  Yellowstone. 

Grand  Canyon.  The  act  of  February  26,  19 19  (40  Stat. 
L.,  1 1 75)  created  the  Grand  Canyon  National  Park  out  of  a 
portion  of  Grand  Canyon  National  Monument  in  northern 
Arizona,  which  had  in  turn  been  created  by  the  Presidential 
Proclamation  of  June  11,  1908  (35  Stat.  L.,  2175).  The  act 
creating  the  park  is,  in  general,  of  the  usual  form,  but  con- 
tains two  unusual  provisions :  one  authorizing  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior  to  conduct  negotiations  with  the  authorities 
of  Coconino  county,  Arizona,  with  a  view  to  the  purchase  of 
the  Bright  Angel  Trail,  a  toll  road  in  the  park  owned  and  main- 
tained by  the  county ;  the  other  providing  that  all  concessions, 
leases,  privileges,  etc.,  granted  in  the  park  shall  be  sold  at 
public  auction  to  the  highest  bidder.  It  also  provides  that 
prospecting  is  to  be  allowed  in  the  park  at  the  Secretary's 


HISTORY  41 

discretion  when  not  calculated  to  interfere  with  the  park's 
primary  purpose. 

Since  the  park's  establishment,  appropriations  have  been 
made  as  follows:  July  19,  1919  (41  Stat.  L.,  204),  $40,000; 
June  5,  1920  (41  Stat.  L.,  918)  $60,000;  and  March  4,  1921 
(41  Stat.  L.,  1407),  $100,000.  A  clause  in  the  1920  and 
192 1  acts  provides  that  no  parts  of  the  respective  appropria- 
tions are  to  be  used  for  the  improvement  of  any  toll  road  or 
toll  trail,  a  provision  undoubtedly  aimed  at  the  Bright  Angel 
Trail.  All  three  appropriations  are  for  '''administration,  pro- 
tection, maintenance  and  improvement"  and  the  first  one  is  for 
"development"  as  well.  The  second,  in  addition  to  the  ob- 
jects mentioned,  is  also  for  "acquisition  of  road  and  trail 
rights." 

Negotiations  held  so  far  with  Coconino  County  have  come  to 
nothing.  The  county  charges  one  dollar  per  person  for  the 
use  of  the  trail,  and  claims  that  its  value  based  on  its  earning 
power  is  $100,000.  The  National  Park  Service,  on  the  other 
hand,  has  ascertained  that  a  new  trail  can  be  built  for  $30,000. 

Lafayette.  This  park,  comprising  some  5000  acres  in  Mt. 
Desert  Island,  off  the  Maine  coast,  is  notable  in  being  the  first 
park  to  be  established  on  the  Atlantic  seaboard.  It  was  first 
set  aside  as  the  Sieur  de  Monts  National  Monument  by  the 
Proclamation  of  July  8,  19 16  (39  Stat.  L.,  1785),  and  later 
obtained  park  status  by  the  act  of  February  26,  19 19  (40 
Stat.  L.,  117S),  the  act  being  very  brief  and  merely  stating 
that  the  park  was  created  and  was  to  be  administered  by  the 
National  Park  Service.  The  acts  of  July  19,  19 19  and  June 
5,  1920  (41  Stat.  L.,  204  and  918)  carried  appropriations  for 
Lafayette  Park  of  $10,000  and  $20,000,  respectively,  both 
for  "administration,  maintenance,  protection  and  improve- 
ment." 

Zion.  The  area  included  in  Zion  Park  in  southwestern  Utah 
was  originally  set  apart  as  Mukuntuweap  National  Monument 
by  Proclamation  of  July  31,  1909  (36  Stat.  L.,  2498).  The 
Proclamation  of  March  18,  1918  (401  Stat.  L.,  1760)  enlarged 


42  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

this  monument  and  changed  its  name  to  Zion  iNational  Mon- 
ument, which,  in  the  following  year,  by  act  of  November  19, 
1 9 19  (41  Stat.  L.,  356)  became  Zion  National  Park.  The  act 
provided  that  the  park  should  be  administered  by  the  National 
Park  Service  and  maintained  by  an  allotment  of  funds  from 
the  appropriations  for  the  monuments  until  an  independent 
appropriation  should  be  made.  Two  appropriations  have  been 
made  by  the  acts  of  June  5,  1920  and  March  4,  1921  (41  Stat. 
L.,  919  and  1408),  in  the  respective  amounts  of  $7,500  and 
$10,000  for  "administration,  protection,  maintenance  and  im- 
provement." 

Hot  Springs.  Hot  Springs  Park  is  unique  not  only  as  the 
"Great  American  Spa"  but  as  being  at  once  the  oldest  and 
the  youngest  member  of  the  park  system.  It  was  reserved 
many  years  before  any  other  member  of  the  park  system, 
April  20,  1832  (4  Stat.  L.,  505),  but  did  not  finally  receive 
the  name  of  park  until  March  4,  192 1  (41  Stat.  L.,  1407). 
Because  of  its  nature  its  history  has  been  different  from  that 
of  every  other  member  of  the  system.  It  is  a  health  resort 
rather  than  a  "pleasure  ground."  It  is  only  fair  to  add,  how- 
ever, that  the  development  of  Hot  Springs  in  recent  years,  its 
equable  climate,  and  the  beauty  of  the  surrounding  region  com- 
bine to  make  it  a  far  from  unattractive  place  to  visit. 

The  act  of  June  11,  1870  (16  Stat.  L.,  149)  authorized  suit 
in  the  Court  of  Claims  by  any  one  claiming  title  to  any  land 
in  the  reservation,  and  for  a  receiver  to  take  charge  of  the 
lands  in  case  of  decision  in  favor  of  the  United  States.  Final 
decision  was  so  rendered  by  the  Supreme  Court  in  October, 
1875.^  By  the  act  of  March  3,  1877  (19  Stat.  L.,  377)  a 
commission  was  created  to  lay  off  the  reservation  into  lots  and 
streets,  to  set  apart  Hot  Springs  Mountain  as  a  permanent  res- 
ervation and  to  condemn  the  buildings  thereon,  to  determine 
upon  the  rights  of  claimants  to  take  lots  at  appraised  values, 
and  to  sell  the  lots  not  so  taken.  Hot  Springs  Mountain  was 
placed  in  charge  of  a  superintendent  to  be  appointed  by  the 

1  "Hot  Springs  Cases,"  2  Otto,  698. 


HISTORY  43 

Secretary  of  the  Interior.  Proceeds  from  the  sale  of  lots  and 
receipts  from  water  rents  were  to  be  devoted  to  the  reservation. 
The  act  of  December  i6,  1878  (20  Stat.  L.,  25S)  authorized 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  execute  leases  on  the  perman- 
ent reservation,  and  directed  the  superintendent,  out  of  the 
rentals,  to  provide  free  baths  for  the  indigent.  The  act  of 
June  16,  1880  (21  Stat.  L.,  288)  added  the  other  undivided 
mountainous  districts  to  the  permanent  reservation,  and  ceded 
the  streets  and  thoroughfares  not  in  the  permanent  reservation 
to  the  town  of  Hot  Springs,  a  municipal  corporation  of  the 
State  of  Arkansas. 

The  Government  Free  Bath  House  was  authorized  in  1878, 
and  has  been  enlarged  from  time  to  time.  In  1920  construc- 
tion of  a  new  free  bath  house  was  begun.  Besides  the  free 
bath  house,  there  are  nineteen  pay  bath  houses  in  Hot  Springs 
receiving  hot  water  from  the  park,  the  rates  charged  for  baths 
being  fixed  in  each  instance  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 
Under  governmental  authority  a  free  clinic  was  organized  in 
April  19 16  in  connection  with  the  free  bath  house. 

The  act  of  June  30,  1882  (22  Stat.  L.,  121)  appropriated 
$100,000  for  an  Army  and  Navy  Hospital  to  be  erected  on 
the  reservation  and  to  be  subject  to  such  rules,  regulations, 
and  restrictions  as  might  be  provided  by  the  President  of  the 
United  States. 

Acceptance  was  made  by  act  of  April  20,  1904  (30  Stat. 
L.,  187)  of  cession  by  the  State  of  Arkansas  of  exclusive  juris- 
diction over  a  portion  of  the  permanent  reservation  on  the 
Hot  Springs  Mountain.  This  act  was  amended  by  the  acts  of 
March  2,  1907  (34  Stat.  L.,  1218)  and  March  3,  191 1  (36 
Stat.  L.,  1086)  so  as  to  make  more  definite  the  provision  re- 
garding a  United  States  Commissioner. 

The  National  Monuments.  Individual  sketches  of  the  na- 
tional monuments  would  be  superfluous.  They  received  no 
appropriations  prior  to  191 7.  Since  then,  appropriations 
general  and  special  have  totalled  ^75,500.     They  were  placed 


44  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

in  charge  of  officers  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior  in  the 
vicinity — General  Land  Office  employees,  etc.  In  a  few  cases 
custodians  have  been  employed  at  nominal  salaries,  and  in  the 
case  of  Muir  Woods  custodian  service  has  been  paid  out  of  the 
appropriation  for  protecting  public  lands.  Many  of  the  monu- 
ments— for  example,  The  Devils  Tower  in  eastern  Wyoming — 
will  need  no  custodians,  being  practically  injury  proof.  In 
the  case  of  monuments  like  the  Southwestern  Ruins  and  the 
Petrified  Forest,  which  are  vulnerable  to  the  vandal  and  de- 
spoiler,  it  is  the  policy  to  provide  protection.  A  ranger  has 
recently  been  placed  in  the  Petrified  Forest. 

The  principal  facts  relating  to  the  individual  monuments 
are  set  forth  on  pages  45  and  46 : 

Parks  and  Monuments  not  Administered  by  the  National 
Park  Service.  Although  this  monograph  is  concerned  pri- 
marily with  the  National  Park  Service  and  the  parks  and 
monuments  under  its  jurisdiction,  brief  mention  should  be 
made  of  a  number  of  national  parks  and  monuments  under 
other  control.  A  complete  list  of  them  is  contained  in  the 
tables  on  pages  47  and  48 : 

In  addition  to  the  parks  listed  in  these  tables,  there  was  for- 
merly another  national  park  under  the  War  Department.  A 
portion  of  Mackinac  Island,  Michigan,  possessed  that  status 
from  1875  to  1895,  when  it  was  turned  over  to  Michigan  for 
use  as  a  state  park. 

Of  the  monuments  in  these  tables,  those  under  the  Agricul- 
ture Department  are  all  located  within  the  bounds  of  forest  re- 
serves, that  being  the  determining  factor  which  placed  them 
under  the  Agriculture  Department  instead  of  the  Interior  De- 
partment at  the  time  of  their  creation.  A  monument  may  be 
transferred  from  the  Agriculture  Department  to  the  Interior 
Department  at  any  time  by  simply  revoking  the  forest  reserva- 
tion covering  its  area.  The  military  monuments,  by  the  same 
token,  are  located  on  military  reservations. 

Growth  of  Popular  Interest  in  the  Park  System.     In  1908 


HISTORY 


45 


M     « 


U  o 

u  "  o 

1-1  'li 

ii  s 

rt  g  u 


e=;    Ph 


o  o  o 


o  o 


CO  H  CO  M 


vo   «         M 


0\  CO 


J  J  J  J  J  J  J-  j"j  ^J 


rtrt       cStt!       a       rtc«       rt 


i-JJiJ  JiJ      hJ 


nJ  cti  0] 
WWW 


OTOO       W 


hJl-1    J 


OQW    Cfl 


§       -^. 


o  o  " 
0\  0\  0\ 


«    N  1-1 

c.  ■£■•?' 


CS    CO 


0\  M 
C  •-> 
0>  C3\ 


^     ^ 


o    g 


-M      cfl 


S    pa: 


46 


THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 


.2  c 

s  ° 


"5  « 


^1 


"  o    s  s 

2  c  ^  V 

u-^  P  C  ^ 


a  c.  '-'  ' 

5  4;  ° 
X  c     . 

u 


S       (u  o 


mJ::  '^  o     fe  3  r-  "^ 

u  -^    o\ "!  y  j^ 


o  >. 


(U    > 


°   c!  2 

c  o  & 

C  (u  o 

a; 


o  o 
E  „ 


CD  ' 


.    V 


«       .-  o 


(U  o 


■:go 


C  IJ  i3 


v. 


v 


y3 

c  r.  Td 


;:;  y)  rt  i+- 


ii 


J3  E  2  o" 


Oii 


CO  E-Sii 


6 


«  S  3 1 «  ^-K-s 

Ph         t2         1^      W 


.H  o  iiti 

^  °-"  S 
O  rt  O 
u  m  1)  " 

Cj  -^    U 

P     U 


1^ 

O    ^/2 


U   1) 


rt  £  S 


.5  u 
■  rt  p, 


C-^ 


W  ,1 


o-a 


1"^  4, 


bo 


b  5  >" 

mis  « 

■,.B  2-^ 


\o  "  m  r  <u- 


;  s£ 


;  t;  li  a! . - 

U    5    I-    rt 


'3  0 


™  2  X  -J 
m  C  2  o  <u 


5   "!  OOS 


o\      r^      rx     \o 


J      iJ      J      J      J 


«J      j2       <^      rt      t^ 
en    c/}    cA!    55    w 


Oi        01 


1-.  ^00  in 
vo  O  >-  10 
01  moo     CO 


■^JJ  hJ 


S  c3  rt     ca 


O   "       >-< 
C^  CT^     CJ\ 


>  !> 

o  o 


o    < 


A    a\co    CO 


3  g^   o. 
5Q<    w 


rt  ^      .2 


1-   O 


oi>r, 


u 


£.•§.2 


C.5-0 


u      W 


HISTORY 


47 


ds     of 
scenes 
:ht    in 

Civil 

Shiloh 

corn- 
battle 

d   sur- 
War. 
where 

battles 

•u      S?      <" 

b  1- 

c^  _ 

o     1^5 

ii^.^o 

o 

13       „ 

^o;'"        M 

•3       ■>>? 

■*-» 

^_1      M-(  fl] 

lU 

o 

Cll 

nl 
o 

15   =5 

boS   1    C 

U  cocS  5^ 
uco_3  o^ti 

!3 

'S^°S. 

s  s «  ^ 

"3 

V 

2^3  g  gc)^  § 

s      c                '-h>-,'^i-.Hoci-o 

«                 t/2 

a       « 

ra    u    z 

ro                  O 

VO        " 

CO                        •    lO 

-a-                m 

Tf           lO 

«                         .    N 

»n       Tj 

CO                           .    H 

n)  « 

S  <L> 

vo 

CO       ci 

l-«  *-• 

<^ 

<o 

, 

CO 

,_l 

W            M 

►H*         lA       vj 

^ 

CO 

o 

C3\        "1 

n-     OO      o 

<u 

Tj- 

U1       vo 

CO        CO       o> 

J 

J 

i-i    J 

hi     J     J 

<J 

• 

4->           +-» 

^-      ^-      ^• 

i1                 ni 

ta      rt 

W      OT 

in    m    'Si 

VO  '^             vo 

OO        CO 

O         Os        0\ 

CO        CO        ") 

o              o 

-^j-       m 

C^       VO         t^ 

o\              o\ 

0\      o\ 

ON          M           M 

^ 

00                   00 

00       00 

CO       o>      o\ 

rt 

HI                             tH 

M            M 

M            M            M 

■S?, 

* 

* 

-.              -.              * 

11    V 

o\              o 

tN             M 

M         t^        N 

M                                CO 

N              M 

C^            M 

-a 

bi)              bi) 

3               3 

I)          OJ 

"S    3    ^2 

fa     i->    s 

<J              <i 

D     fo 

T3      . 

rt 

c 

a 

rt  <u 

rt 

*    ^ 

s 

u 

*s 

._        •       o 

O 

15 

^  1 

•^  1  c3 

tuj  n           nl 

s    « 

C      a 

o 

O   "               u 

.2     2^ 

III 

-a    •         TD 

H 

C 

<L) 

o      <u 

CIS 

E 

J3      3 

o.     o 

a 

^^      "S 

3  bj           "S 

^  «          c 

H 

M      1 

•c 
^ 

bo 
3 

J?        CO       ^ 

3    "a    ■? 

ISO      '^ 

J3        1) 

;H       .5         3 

u 

<; 

(/" 

c 

> 

H-1      C3          1 

P  S 


c/i 

< 

(U 

^ 

1/7 

W 

w 

01 

H 

C 

>H 

P 

m 

Iz;  M 


< 

w 
w 


bo  0.2 

■-.2  to 

V-     r-     U 

3i;T3 

■I--    O 

•j;        3 

D-r  a 

O        O 

.         JS 

« 

CO."    N 

o 

Sen 

tr.   Ol/) 

'■*J 

^S^ 

S   u         O  CS 

'C 

■5 -^  :=?::■ 

*J 

S"°^ 

^  0  u 

"o  O  1- 

" 

•pu-,   O 

."s 

[^"rt  1- 

O   1^^         o 

o  S  'i 

^s;"  =  3 

2^-^-c  ° 

2  ">" 

o  ^ 

U3  2^:3 

^i;t!-^_ 

i^  >  3 

C    r-    CT3    O    ^ 

5^! 

bc2  5  - 
c  u  o  5.^ 

~      la 

-  0  3  2  j; 

tjOO   c 

3.2   >^'X. 

.■S  "  " 

Jh  ^  il  ^  in 

'^ 

0 

\n 

M 

y~^ 

cS  m 

D    4) 

^  h 

■<^ 

3.2 

\o 

<Jl 

<u  +-» 

>-  nl 

1)  cfl 

J 

•^73 

^2 

0 

3  <=< 

w 

Oj  (^_, 

r^° 

CO 

o 

CO 

cij 

(U 

o\ 

o\ 

)-. 

o 

IH     ^ 

CO 

't 

0.2 

« 

+.* 

u 

u 

nj 

c 

.w 

Q 

^^ 

0 

3 

_o 

.2 

t^ 

o 

3 

'a 

o 

2 

0 

1-1 

3 

o 

S 

OJ      . 

^ 

>o 

C3 

J>i 

M 

.0 

OJ 

s 

u 

:nl 

nl 

"o    • 

^ 

Wc. 

2 

0 

QJ 

.-72 

.5fE 

-a 

M 

c:J 

u 

48 


THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 


u 

Pi 

t3 

H 

J 

P 

'-' 

U 

« 

H 

^ 

iS 

<j 

IX 

u 

tM 

O 

d 

H 

M 

?^ 

Q 

rt 

O 

S 

H 

rt 

< 

►J 

P^ 

W 

u 

0 

o 

w 

►J 

W 

H 

o 

« 

>< 

K 

PP 

<      ^ 


o  ^ 

g  o 

l-J  " 

o  s 

;? 

w 


(U    ID 
^1 


1)  ij 

u  rt 


41  C 


i  rto 


c  o  c 

8  S  o" 

?  =  c  X 


u:  bo 

c  <« 

'5  u 

^  E 

2  E 


ft 
1)  3^ 


g_^  |S 


—  .2'5  '^  2    s 


.HE 


yi:-^.«^    t: 


«-c 

!n  = 

>  o 

E    rn 

5.2 

sn 

ta  u 

u   o 

tl>« 

«  !n 

J3  „ 

3  «  g  rai?rt  2 


'  ^   o  O   C   S  ?|  rt^   c 

,  W^  C^  JJ—    tU   G 

;  J3  ^  C)  w        U)      "^  {« 

■  "  „  M  o  u       ^"^  u 

iS  5      £  o  c  o'S  "■"■ 

rt  ojintJoC       3^0; 

;  >•  >  .t;  S  i!     :^7^  M  > 

,  5^  .  «,"'"  °     E   -<u 

;  J    o       u       u3 


■^  c  ^-  c  e 


2  ■"      ft  m 


■a  oj 


•-^EO" 

^"f; E    2 

t;  o.S  «i  c, 

^  j;gEg, 
u 


to  E 

—  1) 

C       K 

T!  E  rt 


;-S.^c 


i  OJ3 


odco"  6\ 
o  o  o\ 


^1  rs  t^  Ti-      1^ 


hJ     JhJ     i-J 


CO    WW    1/1 


iJJJkJ      J 


rt  rt  rt  nj       rt 


hJ     J 


0\        0\  0\        0\ 


VO         CM>. 


>     ^ 


rtQ 


O     U 


•^v     W 


^    -^.s: 


o    o 


HISTORY  49 

visitors  to  the  parks  numbered  69,018,  as  against  919,504  in 
1920.  Twelve  of  the  national  monuments  were  visited  by 
54,2717  persons  ir|  19 19;  by  138,951  the  following  year. 
These  figures  illustrate  very  graphically  the  steady  increase  in 
popular  interest  in  the  nation's  playgrounds.  A  number  of 
factors  have  contributed  to  this.  A  combination  of  the  "See 
America  First"  movement  and  conditions  of  European  travel 
brought  about  by  the  World  War  has  caused  more  people  to 
consider  native  resorts,  in  the  planning  of  their  vacations. 
The  development  of  good  roads  and  the  automobile  have 
played  a  part,  as  well  as  the  great  increase  in  recent  years  in 
the  outdoor  cult.  Finally,  the  parks  are  better  advertised 
than  they  used  to  be,  not  only  by  the  Government  but  by  pri- 
vate agencies  which  have  discovered  that  advertising  the  parks 
in  connection  with  their  own  business  is  not  only  good  adver- 
tising from  the  standpoint  of  attractiveness  but  from  that  of 
increased  returns  as  well.  In  addition  to  this,  articles  about 
the  parks  and  their  wonders  have  of  late  enjoyed  a  tremen- 
dous vogue  in  the  popular  magazines.  The  result  of  all  this 
has  been  that  hundreds  of  people  are  familiar  with  the  parks 
to-day  as  compared  with  scores  a  few  years  ago.  There  is 
every  reason  tO'  believe  that  this  interest  now  solidly  estab- 
lished will  increase  rather  than  diminish,  that  the  parks  will 
be  visited  by  increasing  throngs  year  by  year;  and  that  the 
visitors  will  be  not  alone  from  America  but  from  other  parts 
of  the  world  as  well,  as  a  knowledge  of  what  these  priceless 
reservations  contain  becomes  more  widespread. 


CHAPTER  II 

ACTIVITIES 

In  the  preceding  chapter  the  functions  of  the  National 
Park  Service — the  supervision,  management,  and  control  of 
the  various  parks  and  monuments — have  been  pointed  out ;  and 
some  indication  has  necessarily  been  given  of  the  activities 
of  the  Service  in  the  performance  of  those  functions.  In 
considering  the  activities  in  detail  it  v^ill  simplify  matters  to  go 
back  for  a  moment  to  what  may  be  termed  the  first  principles 
of  the  Service,  and  note  once  more  that  the  "National  Park 
Idea,"  as  expressed  in  the  organic  laws  of  the  Service,  the 
Yellowstone  and  the  National  Park  Service  acts,  emphasizes 
two  things :  the  retention  of  the  parks,  their  scenery,  natural 
wonders,  forests^  waters,  etc.,  in  their  original  state;  and, 
the  public  enjoyment  of  the  things  and  places  thus  conserved. 
The  work  of  the  National  Park  Service  consists  in  the  further- 
ance of  these  two  objects,  and  all  of  its  activities  are  con- 
cerned with  either  the  conservation  of  the  parks  and  monu- 
ments or  the  promotion  of  their  use  and  enjoyment  by  the 
people.  In  discussing  the  Service's  activities,  therefore,  at- 
tention will  be  given,  first  to  conservational  activities,  and, 
then,  to  promotive  activities. 

Conservation  of  Physical  Features.  Conservational  activ- 
ities of  the  National  Park  Service  are  concerned  with  two 
kinds  of  conservation.  First,  there  is  the  preservation  in 
their  natural  states  of  the  actual,  physical  parks  themselves, 
their  formations,  their  forests,  and  their  waters.  Then  there 
is  the  protection  of  the  wild  life  in  the  parks  to  the  end  that  it 
may  be  preserved  from  extermination  and  given  a  chance  to 
increase   freely  and  develop  in  natural   surroundings. 


ACTIVITIES  51 

Natural  Wonders.  The  formations  about  the  Yellowstone 
geysers  and  hot  springs  and  rock  and  other  formations  in  all 
the  parks  and  monuments  possess  special  attractions  for  the 
initial-cutting  vandal  and  the  souvenir-hunter.  During  the 
tourist  season  an  important  part  of  the  work  of  the  rangers 
consists  in  preventing  depredations  of  this  sort.  Warning 
signs  and  printed  regulations  are  also  used.  At  the  more  im- 
portant monuments,  custodians  are  on  duty,  with  a  ranger  or 
two  in  some  instances  to  assist  them  in  the  summer  months. 

Ruins  and  Historic  Structures.  Before  coming  under  Gov- 
ernment protection  many  of  the  prehistoric  cliff  dwellings  of 
the  Southwest  were  being  seriously  injured  by  depredations 
of  pottery  and  relic  hunters  and  persons  who,  from  sheer 
wantonness,  injured  and  defaced  the  ruins.  The  ravages  of 
time  and  the  elements  were  also  making  inroads,  and  an 
unchecked  deterioration  was  setting  in.  Most  of  these  ruins 
and  structures  are  located  in  monuments,  though  one  import- 
ant park,  Mesa  Verde,  is  chiefly  notable  because  of  the  ruins 
it  contains.  The  Service  not  only  protects  these  places  with 
resident  custodians,  printed  warnings,  and  where  possible, 
ranger  patrol,  but,  as  far  as  its  funds  will  permit,  performs 
considerable  work  of  restoration.  The  Tumacacori  Mission, 
for  instance,  a  fine  example  of  the  Early  Spanish  mission 
architecture,  is  gradually  being  restored  to  its  original  con- 
dition. A  rather  novel  expedient  was  adopted  in  the  matter 
of  the  protection  of  Inscription  Rock,  in  the  El  Morro  Monu- 
ment. This  rock,  which  bears  engraved  upon  its  face  many 
inscriptions  of  historic  value,  placed  there  by  the  early  Span- 
ish explorers,  was  becoming  a  target  for  the  initial-carver, 
until  a  thick  plantation  of  the  spiny  southwestern  cactus  and 
kindred  plants  was  established  around  its  base,  creating  an 
effectual  chevaux  de  frise  which  renders  the  rock  inaccessible 
without  in  any  way  interfering  with  its  legitimate  examina- 
tion. An  attempt  is  also  being  made,  with  the  cooperation 
of  the  Bureau  of  Standards  of  the  Department  of  Commerce, 
to  cover  the  face  of  the  rock  with  some  transparent  substance 


52  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

that    will    withstand    the    wear    and    tear    of    the    elements 

The  Service,  with  the  cooperation  of  the  Smithsonian  In- 
stitution, also  regulates  the  excavating  and  study  of  the  ruins 
by  legitimately  interested  persons  and  institutions.  It  also 
is  gradually  performing  considerable  work  in  excavation  of 
the  ruins  along  its  own  lines.  V 

Forests  and  Plants.  Protection  of  the  forests  and  of  ther 
plant  life  of  the  parks  constitutes  one  of  the  largest  problems 
of  the  National  Park  Service,  and  a  large  part  of  the  work 
of  the  ranger  forces,  especially  during  the  dry  months,  which 
coincide  with  the  tourist  season  and  consequently  with  the 
season  of  camp  fires,  is  directed  toward  this  end.  Fire  is  the 
greatest  menace.  It  is  guarded  against  by  a  strict  supervi- 
sion of  camp  fires,  constant  patrolling,  frequently  along  strate- 
gically constructed  fire  trails,  and  observation  from  elevated 
stations  connected  by  telephone  with  headquarters  and  with 
ranger  stations.  Close  cooperation  is  maintained  with  the 
Forest  Service  in  this  connection,  national  forests  adjoining 
most  of  the  larger  parks.  The  Service  has  long  urged  the 
appropriation  of  a  large  fund  for  use  in  fire  emergencies, 
$100,000  being  suggested  to  the  Appropriations  Committee 
by  the  Director  at  the  1920  hearings.  In  the  act  of  March 
4,  192 1  (41  Stat.  L.,  1406)  $25,000  was  appropriated  for  that 
purpose,  with  the  proviso  that  it  be  not  used  precautionarily 
and  only  after  the  expenditure  has  actually  been  incurred. 

Live  stock  is  a  lesser  menace  to  the  forest  and  plant  life,  but 
the  ranger  forces  exercise  a  strict  supervision  over  the  grazing 
of  such  herds  as  are  permitted  to  enter  any  of  the  parks.  All 
grazing  is  forbidden  in  the  Yellowstone.  Cattle,  but  not 
sheep,  are  allovv^ed  to  graze  in  the  other  parks  upon  special 
permit  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior.  Once  in  the  parks 
they  are  kept  by  the  ranger  forces  in  certain  designated  areas. 

Constant  watchfulness  is  also  maintained  by  the  ranger  and 
scientific  forces  to  detect  trees  which  have  become  infected  with 
insect  parasites,  thus  constituting  a  menace  to  the  surrounding 
timber.     The  general  policy  is  to  remove  no  timber,  but  some- 


ACTIVITIES  53 

times  protection  against  the  spread  of  parasitic  infection  ren- 
ders such  a  course  imperative.  When  this  is  done  it  must  be 
in  accordance  with  plans  of  the  Landscape  Engineer  of  the 
Service.  Timber  removed  for  use  in  the  parks  or  because  of 
bnaturity  is  removed  under  the  same  restrictions.  Cooperation 
with  the  Bureau  of  Entomology  of  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture is  maintained  in  connection  with  protection  against 
insect  parasites. 

Little  difficulty  is  experienced  in  connection  with  wood  steal- 
ing by  campers  and  others.  The  practice,  as  well  as  the  taking 
of  wild  flowers,  is  prohibited,  and  the  regulation  is  enforced 
by  the  rangers. 

Lakes  and  Streams.  About  the  only  direct  activity  of  the 
Service  in  lake  and  stream  conservation  consists  in  the  guard- 
ing against  pollution  of  the  waters.  Water  power  in  the 
parks  is  not  utilized  by  private  individuals,  although  the  Serv- 
ice, in  a  number  of  instances,  notably  in  the  Yosemite,  has 
erected  power  plants  for  the  creation  of  light  and  power  for  its 
own  use,  and  the  use  of  some  of  its  concessionaires.  In  coop- 
eration with  the  Geological  Survey  some  stream  gaging  is  done, 
readings  being  taken  by  the  park  rangers. 

Conservation  of  Wild  Life.  Hunting  is  not  allowed  in 
any  of  the  parks,^  and  rigid  restrictions  are  placed  about  the 
possession  of  fire-arms.  The  park  rangers  are  continually  on 
the  lookout  for  poachers.  Predatory  animals,  such  as  wolves, 
coyotes,  and  mountain  lions  are  also  hunted  by  the  rangers, 
and  efforts  looking  to  their  extermination  are  constantly  going 
on.  Many  are  trapped  and  sent  away  to  zoos  and  menageries. 
Hard  winters  are  the  greatest  menace  to  the  game  herds,  how- 
ever, especially  in  the  Yellowstone,  the  country's  greatest 
game  preserve.  In  severe  winters  feeding  of  the  elk,  buffalo, 
and  antelope  becomes  necessary.     Hay  is  grown  and  cured 

^  Mount  McKinley  is  an  exception  to  the  general  rule.  There, 
miners  and  prospectors  are  allowed  to  kill  game  to  supply  them- 
selves with  food.  See  Section  8  of  act  of  February  26,  1917;  39 
Stat.  L.,  938. 


i 

54  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

in  the  Yellowstone  for  winter  feeding,  the  work  being  don 
on  contract.  Efforts  are  also  made  to  keep  the  animals  frc 
from  disease,  cooperation  being  had  with  the  Bureau  of  Ani 
mal  Industry  of  the  Agricultural  Department  for  this  purpose 
An  expert  of  this  bureau  vaccinates  the  tame  buffalo  herd  o 
the  Yellowstone  each  year.  Close  cooperation  in  the  matte: 
of  game  protection  is  maintained  with  the  Bureau  of  Biologi 
cal  Survey,  which  maintains  game  preserves  in  Wind  Cave  anc 
Sullys  Hill  parks,  as  well  as  in  the  Jacksons  Hole  countr), 
south  of  the  Yellowstone.  By  virtue  of  an  appropriation  in 
the  act  of  March  4,  1921  (41  Stat.  L.,  1407),  the  Service';' 
activities  in  game  protection  have  been  extended  to  Mt.  Mc- 
Kinley  Park  in  Alaska.  A  minor  activity  of  the  Service  ir 
connection  with  wild  life  conservation  is  the  distribution  eacl:: 
year,  particularly  from  the  Yellowstone,  of  surplus^  animah 
from  the  elk,  buffalo,  and  antelope  herds.  These  animals  are 
distributed  either  to  other  parks  and  monuments  or  to  states 
and  municipalities  for  placing  in  the  local  parks  and  zoologicall 
gardens. 

All  of  the  parks  are  bird  refuges,  and  birds  are  protected 
from  hunters  and  predatory  animals  while  in  the  parks  just 
as  are  the  game  herds.  Many  migratory  birds  find  the  parks 
safe  stopping  places  each  year  on  their  passages  back  and  forth 
between  their  breeding  places  in  the  north  and  their  winter 
homes  in  the  south. 

Fishing  with  hook  and  line  is  permitted  in  the  parks  underi 
regulations  enforced  by  the  park  authorities,  which  regula- 
tions may  be  suspended  by  the  Superintendent  at  any  timei 
and  fishing  absolutely  prohibited  in  certain  waters  if  in  his 
judgment  such  action  is  advisable.  The  daily  catch  is  lim- 
ited, and  a  limit  is  also  placed  on  the  smallness  of  the  fish 
to  be  taken.  Cooperation  is  maintained  with  the  Bureau  of 
Fisheries,  which  maintains  three  hatcheries  in  Yellowstone 
Park  and  one  in  Glacier.  There  is  also  a  state  fish  hatchery 
in  Rocky  Mountain  Park;  and  a  state  hatchery  which  Cali- 
fornia has  hitherto  maintained  in  the  Yosemite  may  be  taken 


ACTIVITIES  55 

"ifover  by  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries.     During  the  1920  season 
■£!  2,000,000  trout  and  grayling  fry  from  the  Yellowstone  hatch- 
^i-eries  were  planted  in  the  park  waters.     The  Glacier  hatchery 
planted  1,500,000  in  Glacier  Park. 

Improvement.  The  Civil  Engineering  Section  of  the  Serv- 
ice is  charged  with  the  planning  of  all  road  and  trail  extensions 
in  the  parks,  as  well  as  with  the  formulation  of  plans  for  all 
general  engineering  projects.  Under  the  general  supervision 
and  control  of  this  department  the  work  of  extending  the 
roads  and  trails  in  the  several  parks  is  constantly  going  for- 
ward, depending  upon  the  funds  available  for  construction 
purposes. 

The  construction  of  bridges  and  culverts  is  also  handled 
by  this  section,  as  are  the  preparation,  and  the  equipment  with 
conveniences,  of  camping  and  automobile  parking  sites.  Other 
important  activities  of  this  section  are  the  preparation  of 
standard  designs  for  such  things  as  log  bridges,  timber  and 
corrugated  metal  culverts  of  various  sizes,  and  concrete  arch 
culverts  of  standard  widths.  Standard  specifications  are  also 
prepared  for  the  purchasing  of  all  sorts  of  construction  equip- 
ment and  miscellaneous  supplies  and  tools.  Drawings  are 
prepared  for  standard  ranger  cabins  and  administrative  build- 
ings; plans  and  estimates  of  proposed  work  in  different  parks 
are  reviewed,  and  engineering  studies  are  made  of  the  prob- 
lems confronting  the  several  parks  in  improvement  matters. 

In  the  prosecution  of  all  its  improvement  activities  the  Serv- 
ice endeavors,  through  its  Section  of  Landscape  Engineering, 
to  make  each  improvement  undertaken  blend  harmoniously  into 
a  carefully  considered  scheme,  in  order  to  secure  a  maximum 
of  beauty  and  convenience  with  a  minimum  of  interference 
with  natural  conditions.  This  scheme  is  had  in  mind  in  the 
planning  of  vista  cuttings,  the  removal  of  dead  and  down 
timber,  the  location  of  trails,  roads,  and  bridges,  and  the  lo- 
cation and  construction  of  buildings  for  the  administrative 
and  cooperative  units  of  the  parks.     It  is  an  invariable  rule 


56  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

that  no  structure  of  importance,  whether  for  the  Service  or  th 
pubHc  operators,  can  be  erected  until  the  approval  of  the  Lane 
scape  Engineer  has  been  secured,  both  as  to  location  and  de 
sign.  The  Landscape  Engineering  Section  also  devotes  con 
siderable  attention  to  the  removal  of  snags  and  dead  timbe 
from  lakes  and  streams. 

In  a  number  of  the  parks  the  Service  has  established  ligh 
and  power  plants,  to  supply  both  its  own  needs  and  those  oi 
the  concessionaires,  to  whom  light  and  power  are  sold  at  fixec 
rates.  The  most  important  of  these  plants  was  completed  ir 
the  Yosemite  in  19 17  at  a  cost  of  $150,000.  Water  suppl) 
systems  are  also  maintained  by  the  Service  at  the  principa 
parks,  the  water  being  piped  to  the  free  camping  sites  as  well 
as  to  the  buildings  of  the  Service  and  the  hotels  of  the  public 
operators. 

Sewer  systems  and  sanitary  control  schemes  are  also  main- 
tained by  the  Service  with  the  cooperation  of  the  United  States 
Public  Health  Service,  which  details  experts  to  study  the  prob- 
lems involved  and  to  make  recommendations. 

The  activities  mentioned  above  are  all  direct  activities.  A 
large  amount  of  improvement  work  has  also  been  done  in  the 
parks  indirectly,  through  the  medium  of  public  operators  or 
concessionaires.  The  system  of  hotels  established  in  Glacier 
Park  by  the  Great  Northern  .Railway  has  already  been  men- 
tioned. The  Yosemite  National  Park  Company,  composed  of 
citizens  of  Los  Angeles  arid  San  Francisco,  is  performing 
a  similar  work  in  the  Yosemite.  A  Seattle-Tacoma  syndi- 
cate is  spending  large  sums  in  the  creation  of  a  hotel  system 
in  the  Mt.  Rainier  Park.  The  policy  of  the  Service  with  re- 
gard to  concessions  is  to  grant  a  monoply  of  all  principal  serv- 
ice requirements,  such  as  hotel  service  and  transportation,  to 
one  responsible  concern,  retaining  the  right  to  supervise  the 
rates  charged.  It  has  been  found  that  the  elimination  of  com- 
petition has  given  the  public  a  better  grade  of  service. 

Rate  supervision  extends  also  to  the  regulation  of  charges 
for   gasoline,   groceries,    oil,    etc.     The   superintendents    fre- 


ft 


ACTIVITIES  57 

("■tljuently  check  up  the  prices  charged,  and  it  is  the  behef  of  the 
Service  that  rates  are  reasonable,  considering  the  distance  of 

''^(le|.he  parks  from  the  regular  centers  of  distribution. 

>coiij    In  the  Yosemite  a  system  of  parcel  post  delivery  of  grocer- 

"iiteies,  etc.,  in  the  trucks  of  the  Post  Office  Department,  has  been 
started,  deliveries  being  made  to  campers  every  day.     The  plan 

!i§;Ii  lias  worked  well,  and  it  is  proposed  to  extend  it  to  other  parks 

seoiat  an  early  date. 


A I 


Maintenance.  Service  activities  along  the  lines  of  mainten- 
ance involve  such  operations  as  the  resurfacing  of  roads,  the 
repairing  of  bridges  and  culverts,  the  painting  and  general 
repair  of  buildings,  the  keeping  clean  of  trails,  the  overhaul- 
ing and  repair  of  equipment — in  short,  the  maintaining  of  that 
constant  vigilance  against  deterioration  without  which  no  en- 
terprise can  hope  to  remain  "fit."  A  large  part  of  the  annual 
appropriations  for  the  parks  are  on  account  of  maintenance. 

Protection  Service.  There  is  little  disorder  in  the  parks  to- 
day, particularly  in  those  in  which  national  jurisdiction  is 
complete.  Persons  rendering  themselves  obnoxious  are 
warned,  and  removed  from  the  park  in  which  they  happen  to 
be  if  the  warning  does  not  suffice.  If  the  offense  is  more 
serious  they  are  arrested  and  brought  before  the  United  States 
Commissioner  for  trial  or  commitment.  Every  effort  is  made 
by  the  ranger  forces  to  protect  the  law-abiding  tourist  from  the 
carelessness  or  wantonness  of  the  law-breaking  element.  For 
a  camp  fire  left  burning  or  garbage  undisposed  of,  a  party  is 
liable  to  be  brought  back  a  distance  of  several  miles  tO'  per- 
form the  unfulfilled  duty.  Traffic  regulations  are  also  en- 
forced by  the  rangers  in  order  to  lessen  the  liability  of  ac- 
cident by  collision  or  otherwise.  Sanitary  regulations  are 
enforced  as  a  precaution  against  disease.  Protection  of 
tourists  against  exploitation  through  overcharging  has  already 
been  mentioned. 

An  important  indirect  protective  activity  is  the  furnishing 
of  medical  service  and  hospital  facilities  to  park  vistors,  park 


58  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

employees  and  their  families,  and  concessionaires  and  their 
employees.  There  is  no  standardized  plan  with  regard  to  the 
supplying  of  this  service;  but  in  general  it  may  be  said  that 
the  park  surgeons  are  themselves  concessionaires,  giving  a  stip- 
ulated service  in  return  for  agreed-upon  privileges.  Thus, 
in  the  Yellowstone  and  Grand  Canyon  an  arrangement  has 
been  made  in  cooperation  with  the  U.  S.  Public  Health  Serv- 
ice, which  pays  the  surgeon  a  fixed  salary  as  its  local  repre- 
sentative. In  addition  the  surgeon  is  allowed  to  practice  in  the 
park  and  to  charge  for  his  services  according  to  a  scale  of 
prices  fixed  by  the  National  Park  Service.  In  the  Yosemite, 
a  surgeon  is  employed  on  a  contract  which  calls  for  the  supply- 
ing, by  the  surgeon,  of  medical  services  within  certain  pre- 
scribed limits  to  employees,  concessionaires,  etc.  In  return 
the  surgeon  is  allowed  to  sell  his  services  to  tourists  at  a  fixed 
rate,  and,  in  addition,  is  paid  a  lump  sum  by  the  Service,  the 
agreed  amount  being  provided  by  deducting  from  the  monthly 
salary  of  each  employee  an  amount  proportioned  to  his  grade 
of  pay.  The  Service  possesses  in  the  Yellowstone  a  hospital 
with  facilities  for  lOO  beds, — a  legacy  from  the  days  of  army 
administration. 

Publicity.  A  detailed  statement  regarding  the  publications 
of  the  National  Park  Service  will  be  found  in  the  appen- 
dix. Their  preparation  and  distribution  are  important  pro- 
motive activities,  their  object  being  to  spread  a  knowledge  of 
the  parks  and  the  means  of  enjoying  them  among  the  people. 
For  most  of  the  parks  there  is  now  published  each  year  an 
attractive  booklet  which  contains,  besides  the  rules  and  regu- 
lations and  a  number  of  attractive  illustrations,  information 
as  to  hotel  rates,  railways,  etc.  A  number  of  good  auto  maps 
of  several  of  the  parks  are  also  published.  In  this  work  there 
is  cordial  cooperation  with  the  Geological  Survey.  The  Na- 
tional Park  Service  also  has  for  loaning  purposes  a  number 
of  pictures  of  the  parks,  as  well  as  reels  of  motion  pictures 
illustrating  the  wild  life  and  scenery  in  the  parks  and  monu- 


ACTIVITIES  59 

nents,  thus  complementing  its  activity  of  bringing  the  people 
o  the  parks  by  means  of  its  informative  literature.  The 
Service's  supply  of  such  material  is  about  worn  out,  and  no 
)rovision  is  being  made  for  its  renewal.  Further  applications, 
herefore,  are  not  being  encouraged.  Funds  were  provided 
originally  through  private  donation. 


CHAPTER  III 

ORGANIZATION 

The  organization  of  the  National  Park  Service  comprises 
five  principal  sections  as  follows : 

(a)  Administration 

(b)  The  Field  Service 

(c)  The  Editorial  Section 

(d)  The  Law  Section 

(e)  The  Publications  Section 

With  the  exception  of  the  Field  Service  the  above  sections 
of  the  central  organization  are  located  in  Washington,  in  the 
Interior  Department  Building,  on  the  block  bounded  by  E 
and  F,  i8th  and  19th  Streets,  N.W. 

Administration.  The  Director  is  responsible  under  the  Na- 
tional Park  Service  act  for  the  supervision,  management,  and 
control  of  the  parks  and  monuments,  subject  to  the  general 
direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior.  The  office  of  the 
Director,  therefore,  is  the  apex  of  the  Service's  administra- 
tion, exercising  a  general  supervision  over  it  and  deciding  all 
questions  of  policy  arising  which  cannot  be  delegated  and  which 
are  not  of  sufficient  importance  to  be  submitted  to  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior. 

Two  other  offices  are  connected  with  the  work  of  the  admin- 
istration,— the  office  of  the  Assistant  Director  and  the  office 
of  the  Chief  Clerk. 

The  functions  of  the  Assistant  Director  in  matters  of  ad- 
ministration are  twofold :  to  relieve  the  Director  of  matters 
of  general  administrative  detail ;  and  to  act  in  the  Director's 
stead  during  his  absences  in  the  field. 

60 


ORGANIZATION  6i 

Direct  responsibility  for  routine  matters  of  administration 
is  centered  in  the  office  of  the  Chief  Clerk.  This  office  con- 
tains the  f  ollowng  units :  Accounts,  Stenographic,  Person- 
nel, Files,  Messenger  Service. 

The  Accounts  Unit  has  charge  of  bookkeeping,  property 
accountability,  etc. ;  primarily  with  respect  to  the  Service  as 
a  whole;  secondarily  as  regards  supervision  of  the  accounts 
of  the  several  parks  and  monuments. 

The  Personnel  Unit  deals  with  appointments,  records  of  em- 
ployees, etc.  The  duties  of  the  other  units  are  sufficiently  de- 
scribed by  their  titles. 

Field  Service.  The  Field  Service  includes  all  of  the 
National  Park  Service  not  permanently  employed  in  the  na- 
tional capital.  From  this  has  developed  the  frequently  em- 
ployed arrangement  of  classifying  the  Park  Service  into  two 
principal  branches — the  Service  in  the  District  of  Columbia, 
and  the  Field  Service.  The  latter  comprises  all  those  park 
superintendents,  monument  custodians,  engineers,  rangers  and 
subordinate  employees  whose  work  lies  away  from  Washing- 
ton and  directly  in  and  with  the  parks  and  monuments  them- 
selves. In  other  words,  they  constitute  the  line  of  the  Na- 
tional Park  Service;  the  Washington  organization,  the  staff. 
The  organization  of  the  Field  Service  in  general  is  gone  into 
in  some  detail  in  the  paragraph  below  entitled  "Individual  Park 
Organization,"  and  additional  comment  upon  it  is  unnecessary, 
save  in  one  particular.  This  has  to  do  with  the  Civil  Engi- 
neering and  Landscape  Engineering  Sections,  commonly  re- 
ferred to  collectively  as  the  Field  Service  At  Large. 

This  most  important  part  of  the  Field  Service  is  referred 
to  as  "'At  Large"  partly  because  its  work  lies  everywhere 
throughout  the  system,  not  being  confined  to  any  park  or  sec- 
tion of  the  country;  partly,  and  primarily,  because  of  the 
method  of  its  creation.  No  direct  appropriations  have  ever 
been  made  for  its  personnel,  and  the  fund  for  salaries  is  ob- 
tained by  deducting  a  percentage  from  the  various  park  appro- 


62  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

priations  for  improvement  and  maintenance.  This  system 
was  adopted  in  1914  by  the  late  Secretary  Lane  after  secm-ing 
a  favorable  opinion  as  tc  its  legality  from  the  Comptroller  of 
the  Treasury.^ 

Under  the  general  supervision  of  the  Director  and  Assist- 
ant Director  the  Field  Service  At  Large  is  engaged  in  the  va- 
rious engineering  activities  carried  on  in  the  parks  and  monu- 
ments, which  activities  have  been  sufficiently  described  in  the 
preceding  chapter.  As  a  general  rule  both  the  Civil  and  the 
Landscape  Engineers  make  their  headquarters  in  the  parks 
wherein,  for  the  time  being,  they  are  actively  engaged.  It 
sometimes  happens,  however,  that  one  of  them  may  be  super- 
vising projects  in  several  parks  at  the  same  time ;  in  which 
case  a  temporary  headquarters  may  be  established  at  some 
central  point,  equally  convenient  to  all  the  places  where  work 
is  going  on.  Thus,  when  one  of  them  has  work  going  on 
simultaneously  in  the  California  Parks,  Crater  Lake,  Rainier 
and  Yellowstone,  he  establishes  an  office  in  Portland,  Oregon, 
and  from  there  directs  the  work,  going  out  to  the  several  op- 
erations from  time  to  time. 

Editorial  Section.  The  preparation  of  all  Service  publica- 
tions, such  as  the  annual  reports,  books  of  rules  and  regula- 
tions of  the  various  parks  and  monuments,  special  bulletins, 
etc.,  is  entrusted  to  the  Editorial  Section,  subject  to  the 
general  direction  of  the  Director  and  Assistant  Director. 
In  addition  to  preparing  the  text  of  all  publications,  this  sec- 
tion also  prepares,  through  its  drafting  force,  all  maps,  graphic 
charts,  etc.,  to  accompany  publications  and  all  blue  prints, 
charts,  etc.,  required  by  the  Director  for  the  general  use  of  the 
Service.  The  section  also  edits  all  park  publications,  such  as 
scientific  monographs,   etc.,   prepared   elsewhere. 

Law  Section.  The  work  of  the  Law  Section  of  the  Service 
covers  a  wide  range.  All  legal  questions  arising  within  the 
organization  are  referred  to  it,  as  are  similar  questions  pro- 

1  H.  doc.  515  64  Cong.,  I  sess.,  pp.  18-19, 


ORGANIZATION  63 

pounded  to  the  Service  by  the  park  superintendents  and  field 
men.  It  prepares  leases  and  contracts  in  connection  with  the 
working  of  the  concessionaire  system  in  the  parks  and  passes 
upon  similar  documents  submitted  to  the  department.  All 
of  the  title  work  in  connection  with  lands  presented  to  or  pur- 
chased by  the  Government  for  park  uses  is  likewise  done  by  the 
Law  Section.  Besides  the  work  mentioned  above  there  are 
contracts  for  the  construction  of  buildings  and  bridges  to  be 
drawn  and  let,  all  legal  correspondence  of  a  general  nature  to 
be  handled,  and  advice  to  be  given  concessionaires  as  to  what 
they  can  legally  do  in  varying  situations  and  states  of  fact.  In 
addition  this  section  keeps  informed  regarding  all  legislation 
affecting  the  parks  and  advises  the  Director  in  regard  thereto. 

Publications  Section.  As  soon  as  a  Service  publication 
has  been  prepared  for  the  printer  the  responsibility  of 
the  Editorial  Section  in  connection  with  it  ceases,  and  it  passes 
into  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Publications  Section.  This  sec- 
tion has  full  charge  of  the  distribution  of  the  Service  publica- 
tions, answering  all  inquiries  in  regard  thereto,  keeping  the 
mailing  lists  of  the  Service  up  to  date,  and,  in  general,  per- 
forming all  work  pertaining  to  the  Service's  publications 
not  of  a  preparatory  or  editorial  nature. 

Individual     Park     Organization — the     Yellowstone.     No 

standardized  system  of  internal  organization  for  the  individual 
parks  has  as  yet  been  adopted.  In  general  features,  however, 
park  organization  is  similar  to  the  general  service  organization. 
This  is  especially  true  of  the  larger  parks,  the  most  important 
of  which,  the  Yellowstone,  is  organized  under  a  superintend- 
ent and  an  assistant  superintendent  into  ten  sections  which 
may  be  described  as  the  sections  of  Administration,  Informa- 
tion, Protection,  Transportation,  Light  and  Power,  Communi- 
cation, Sanitation,  Painting,  Machinery,  and  Engineering. 
This  characterization  is  necessarily  rough  and  does  not  in 
every  case  fully  describe  the  work  of  the  unit. 


64  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

Administration.  The  general  office  management  detail  is 
about  evenly  divided  between  the  Assistant  Superintendent, 
who  is  in  general  charge,  and  the  Chief  Clerk.  The  former 
handles  monthly  and  special  reports,  the  collecting  and  record- 
ing of  revenue,  appointments,  leaves  of  absence,  and  em- 
ployees' compensation;  he  also  has  general  supervision  of  the 
officers'  mess  and  the  headquarters  labor  mess,  the  telephone 
and  telegraph  office,  the  park  files  and  records,  the  upkeep  of 
offices  and  grounds,  and  the  force  of  night  watchmen  and 
janitors. 

The  Chief  Clerk  has  direct  charge  of  the  disbursement  of 
funds,  the  recording  of  allotments,  the  purchase  of  supplies, 
the  preparation  of  vouchers,  cost  accounting,  and  the  prepara- 
tion of  inventories,  pay  rolls,  and  financial  statements  for  the 
Superintendent.  He  also  has  charge  of  the  collection  and  dis- 
tribution of  all  park  mail  and  receives  all  time  reports  and 
reports  regarding  material  or  supplies  used  and  applied  to 
specific  work. 

Information.  The  Park  Naturalist  is  in  charge  of  this  sec- 
tion, and  his  duties,  in  addition  to  supervising  the  information 
service  and  museum,  include  the  gathering  of  park  specimens 
and  data,  the  editing  of  park  publications,  the  scientific  in- 
spection of  forests  for  tree  parasites  and  diseases,  the  super- 
vision of  wood  cutting,  the  designation  of  trees  to  be  cut  for 
building  purposes,  the  care  of  the  park  library  and  photo- 
graphic files,  and  the  handling  of  special  assignments. 

Protection.  The  Chief  Ranger  is  the  protector  in  chief  of 
the  park,  and  is  charged  with  its  general  policing,  all  fire 
prevention  and  control,  the  protection  of  wild  life,  the  destruc- 
tion of  predatory  animals,  the  winter  feeding  of  animals,  the 
operation  of  buffalo  and  hay  ranches,  the  control  of  grazing 
of  milch  cows  and  horses  of  concessionaires,  the  planting  of 
fish,  the  keeping  of  records  for  the  Weather  Bureau,  and 
the  gaging  of  streams  for  the  Geological  Survey.  He  also 
has  full  control  of  all  automobile  traffic,  including  the  regis- 
tration of  cars  and  the  collection  of  fees. 


ORGANIZATION  65 

Transportation.  The  Steward  and  Master  of  Transporta- 
tion is  in  charge  of  this  unit,  which  has  the  custody  and 
control  of  all  motor  equipment,  except  passenger  cars  assigned 
to  park  officers  by  the  Superintendent;  and  all  horses,  horse 
equipment,  forage,  and  supplies.  All  automobile  and  motor 
truck  drivers  and  freighting  teamsters  are  under  this  unit. 
Other  duties  with  which  it  is  charged  include  the  care  of  all 
park  property,  except  equipment,  stationery,  and  supplies  in  the 
Superintendent's  office;  the  operation  and  maintenance  of  the 
commissary  and  storehouse,  and  the  control  of  the  distribu- 
tion in  the  park  of  all  equipment  and  supplies. 

Light  and  Power.  This  section,  in  charge  of  the  Chief 
Electrician,  maintains  and  operates  power  houses  and  power 
lines,  looks  after  the  lighting  of  buildings,  and  has  control  of 
all  electrical  equipment  except  telephone  equipment  and  sup- 
plies. 

Communication.  The  telephone  and  telegraph  systems  of 
the  park  are  maintained  and  operated  by  this  section  under  the 
supervision  of  the  Chief  Lineman.  The  Chief  Lineman  also 
inspects  and  reports  upon  the  telephone  and  telegraph  lines  of 
public  utilities  and  has  custody  of  all  telephone  and  telegraph 
equipment. 

Sanitation.  The  Master  Plumber  is  charged  with  all  work 
in  connection  with  sanitation  and  water  supply.  This  in- 
cludes the  inspection  of  all  sewer  and  water  systems  of  hotels, 
camps  and  stores  as  well  as  the  provision  of  sanitary  and 
water  supply  systems  for  public  automobile  camps.  The  sec- 
tion is  also  charged  with  the  custody  and  maintenance  of 
fire-fighting  equipment,  sprinkling  tank  fixtures,  and  all 
plumbing  and  store  supplies. 

Painting.  All  painting  of  buildings,  signs,  automobiles, 
and  equipment  is  done  by  this  section  under  the  Master 
Painter.  The  section  also  inspects  the  paint  work  of  con- 
cessionaires and  has  custody  of  all  park  paint  and  glazing 
stores. 

Machinery.     The  Master  Mechanic,  at  the  head  of  this  sec- 


66  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

tion,  has  charge  of  all  shops  and  machinery  therein,  and  cus- 
tody of  all  shop  parts  and  supplies.  General  blacksmithing 
and  horseshoeing  and  the  upkeep  and  repair  of  automobiles, 
motorcycles,  road  machines,  and  fire-fighting  equipment  are 
in  charge  of  this  unit. 

Engineering.  The  Park  Engineer  has  charge  of  the  con- 
struction, improvement,  maintenance,  and  repair  of  all  roads, 
bridges,  and  trails,  and  of  all  buildings,  fences,  formation 
walks,  steps,  and  platforms  except  the  fences  of  the  buffalo 
and  other  ranches.  He  inspects  contract  work  and  the  build- 
ing operations  of  concessionaires.  He  gives  technical  advice 
to  other  park  departments  and  makes  technical  investigations 
of  park  shops.  He  also  has  the  custody  and  is  charged  with 
the  upkeep  of  the  park's  files  of  plans,  maps,  charts  and 
engineering  data,  and  the  surveying,  drawing,  and  other  en- 
gineering instruments. 


APPENDIX  I 

OUTLINE  OF  ORGANIZATION 
Explanatory  Note 

The  Outlines  of  Organization  have  for  their  purpose  to 
make  known  in  detail  the  organization  and  personnel  possessed 
by  the  several  services  of  the  national  government  to  which 
they  relate.  They  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  the 
plan  followed  by  the  President's  Commission  on  Economy 
and  Efficiency  in  the  preparation  of  its  outlines  of  the  organi- 
zation of  the  United  States  Government.^  They  differ  from 
those  outlines,  however,  in  that  whereas  the  Commission's 
report  showed  only  organization  units,  the  presentation 
herein  has  been  carried  far  enough  to  show  the  personnel 
embraced  in  each  organization  unit. 

These  outlines  are  of  value  not  merely  as  an  effective  means 
of  making  known  the  organization  of  the  several  services. 
If  kept  revised  to  date  by  the  services,  they  constitute  ex- 
ceedingly important  tools  of  administration.  They  permit 
the  directing  personnel  to  see  at  a  glance  the  organization  and 
personnel  at  their  disposition.  They  establish  definitely  the 
line  of  administrative  authority  and  enable  each  employee  to 
know  his  place  in  the  system.  They  furnish  the  essential  basis 
for  making  plans  for  determining  costs  by  organization  divi- 
sion and  subdivision.  They  afford  the  data  for  a  considera- 
tion of  the  problem  of  classifying  and  standardizing  personnel 
and  compensation.  Collectively,  they  make  it  possible  to  de- 
termine the  number  and  location  of  organization  divisions  of 
any  particular  kind,  as,  for  example,  laboratories,  libraries, 

^  House  Doc,  458,  62d.  Congress,  2nd  Session,  1912,  2  vols. 

67 


68  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

blue-print  rooms,  or  any  other  kind  of  plant  possessed  by  the 
national  government,  to  what  services  they  are  attached  and 
v^here  they  are  located,  or  to  determine  what  services  are  main- 
taining stations  at  any  city  or  point  in  the  United  States. 
The  Institute  hopes  that  upon  the  completion  of  the  present 
series,  it  will  be  able  to  prepare  a  complete  classified  state- 
ment of  the  technical  and  other  facilities  at  the  disposal  of 
the  government.  The  present  monographs  will  then  furnish 
the  details  regarding  the  organization,  equipment,  and  work 
of  the  institutions  so  listed  and  classified. 


OUTLINE  OF  ORGANIZATION 
THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


July  29,  1 92 1 

Organisation  Units;                                           Number 

Annual 

Classes  of  Employees 

Salary  Rate  ^ 

I.    Washington  Office 

I.    Office  of  the  Director 

Director                                                         i 

$4,500 

Clerk                                                              I 

1,800 

2.    Office  of  the  Assistant  Director 

I.    Office  Proper   of  the  Assistant 

Director 

Assistant  Director                                   I 

2,500 

Clerk                                                          I 

1,800 

2.    Legal   Section: 

Law  Clerk                                                i 

2,000 

3.    Editorial  Section: 

Editor                                                        I 

2,000 

Draftsman                                                 i 

1,800 

4.    Publication  Section: 

Clerk                                                       I 

1,400 

3.    Office  of  the  Chief  Clerk 

I.    Office  Proper  of  the  Chief  Clerk 

Chief  Clerk                                              i 

2,000 

Clerk                                                        I 

1,200 

1,020 

900 

Messenger                                                 i 

600 

2.    Personnel  Section: 

Clerk                                                          I 

1,600 

3.    Accounts  Section: 

Accountant                                               i 

1,800 

Clerk                                                          I 

1,600 

4.    Files   Section : 

Clerk                                                       I 

1,600 

1  Net.  or  without  the  temporary  "bonus"  or  additional  c 

;ompensation  of 

60  per  cent  on  classes  below  $400,  of  $240  on  classes  of  $400  to  $2500, 
and  of  an  amount  necessary  to  make  the  total  compensation  $2740  on 
classes  of  $2500  to  $2740.  This  is  subject  to  minor  exceptions  in  special 
cases. 


70 


THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 


900 


3- 


Chief  Civil  Engineer 

4,000 

Landscape  Engineer 

2,400  ^ 

Assistant  Landscape   Engineer 

2,000  ^ 

Assistant  Engineer 

2,100 

I  (per 

month)     200  ^ 

I  (per 

month)     175  ^ 

I  (per 

month)     175  "^ 

Office  Engineer 

I  (per 

month)       150 

General  Foreman 

1,920 

Clerk-Stenographer 

1,400 

1,400  <= 

Parks  and  Monuments 

I.    General  Grant  National  Park, 

Kaweah,  Calif. 

Acting  Superintendent 

I 

Chief   Park   Ranger 

I 

1,500 

Park  Ranger 

I   (per 

month)       85^ 

I  (per 

month)       85  <= 

2.    Glacier  National  Park,  Belton, 

Montana 

Superintendent 

I 

3,000  a 

Clerk  and  Assistant  Superintendent 

I 

2,000  ^ 

Assistant  Engineer 

I 

2,400  ^ 

Clerk 

I 

1,400  ^ 

Stenographer  and  Typist 

I 

1,200 

Clerk-Stenographer 

3  (per 

month)    100 'J 

General  and  Mill  Foreman 

I 

1,400 

Teamster 

I 

1,080 

Carpenter  and  Park  Ranger 

I   (per 

month)    105  "= 

Chief  Park  Ranger 

I 

1,500  a 

First  Assistant  Chief  Park  Ranger 

I 

1,440 

Assistant  Chief  Park  Ranger 

2 

1,300 

Park  Ranger 

6 

1,200 

4  (per 

month)    100  "^ 

2  (per 

month)    100  ^ 

I   (per 

diem)             1 

3.    Grand  Canyon  National  Park,  Grand 

Canyon,  Ariz. 

Superintendent 

I 

3,000 

General  Construction  Foreman 

I 

1,800 

Chief  Park  Ranger 

I 

1,500 

Park  Ranger 

I 

1,200 

Stenographer  and  Typist 

I 

1,600  ^ 

Park  Ranger 

6  (per 

month)      100 

I 

1,200  ^ 

Stenographer  and  Typist 

I 

1,020  ^ 

^  Quarters  furnished. 

^  Temporary 

*=  When  actually  employed. 


OUTLINE  OF  ORGANIZATION 


71 


4.  Hot  Springs  National  Park,  Arkansas 

Superintendent 

Chief  Clerk  and  Assistant  to 

Superintendent 
Clerk-Stenographer 
Consulting  Engineer 
Policeman 

Foreman 

Manager  Free  Bath  house 

Head  Male  Attendant 

Attendant 

Laborer 

5.  Lafayette  National  Park,  Bar  Harbor, 

Maine 
Superintendent 
Clerk-Typist 

Stenographer   and   Typist 
Ornithologist 
Chief  Park  Ranger 
Park   Ranger 
Botanist 

6.  Mesa  Verde  National  Park,  Mancos, 

Colorado 
Superintendent 
Park  Ranger 

7.  Rocky  Mountain  National  Park, 

Estes  Park,  Colorado 
Superintendent 
Clerk-Stenographer 
Clerk 
Park   Ranger 


Sullys  Hill  National  Park,  Ft. 
Totten,  N.  D. 
Acting  Superintendent  ^ 
Piatt  National  Park,   Sulphur, 
Oklahoma 
Superintendent 
Clerk 
Laborer 


3,600 


I' 

1,600 

I 

1,200 

I 

12 

2 

4 

1,300 
1,000 

I 
I 
I 

1,500 
1,300 
1,000 

4 

2 

10 

3 

720 
600 
840 
720 

I 

1,000 

I 

1,200 

I 

1,200 

I 

I 

I 

2 

1,320 
1,200 

I 

I 

I 

2 
I 

(per 

month) 

2,400 
1,320 

75 

I 

3,000 

I 
I 

1,500 
1,200 

2 

I 

10 

(per 

month) 

1,200 
960 
80 1- 

1,200 


1,500 

1,200  ^ 
780 
720 
480 


'  Quarters  furnished. 
'  Temporary 

'  Supervised  by  the  principal  of  the  Indian  School  at  Fort  Totten, 
Dak.,  AVho  serves  without  salary. 


72 


THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 


10. 


II. 


Park   Ranger 

I 

660 

Crater  Lake  National  Park,  Medford, 

Oregon 

Superintendent 

I 

2,000 

Clerk-Typist 

I 

1,320 

Park  Ranger 

6 

(per 

month)       90  ^ 

Yosemite  National  Park,  Yosemite, 

Calif. 

Superintendent 

I 

3,600 

Assistant  Superintendent 

I 

2,220  ^ 

Park  Supervisor 

I 

2,040  ^  ° 

Assistant    Park    Supervisor 

I 

1,680  «= 

Engineer 

I 

2,400  ^ 

Clerk 

I 

1,500  a 

Storekeeper    and    Property    Clerk 

I 

1,200 

Stenographer  and  Typist 

I 

1,200  ^ 

Clerk-Stenographer  and  Typist 

I 

1,200  ^ 

Clerk 

I 

1,080  <= 

Clerk-Stenographer 

I 

1,080 

Stenographer  and  Typist 

I 

(per 

month)        75 

Forester 

I 

1,800 

Master    Mechanic 

I 

1,800  <=. 

Power    Station    Operator 

I 

1,200 

I 

1,200  ° 

I 

(per 

month)      100  ^ 

Assistant  Mechanic 

I 

1,360 

General  Blacksmith 

I 

1,200 

General  Painter 

I 

1,200 

General  Plumber 

I 

1,320  •= 

Chief  Electrician 

I 

1,800 

Electrician 

I 

1,320 

Line  Foreman 

I 

1,200  <= 

General   Carpenter 

I 

1,320 

Carpenter 

I 

1,200*= 

Head  Teamster 

1 

1,200 

Skilled  Laborer 

I 

1,140 

Telephone  Operator 

2 

720 

2 

(per 

month)       60 '' 

I 

720* 

2 

(per  diem)     2.40^ 

Telegraph  Operator 

3 

(per 

month)     100'' 

Naturalist 

I 

1,500 

Chief   Park   Ranger 

I 

1,800 

Park   Ranger 

I 

1,200 

I 

1,350 

I 

1,200 

4 

1,200  ^ 

2 

(per 

month)     100  * 

a  Quarters  furnished. 

^  Temporary 

"When  actually  employed. 


APPENDICES 


73 


13- 


14. 


IS- 


I  (per  month)  90  ^ 
7  (per  month)  75  ^ 
I  (per  month)       75  *= 

I  1,200"= 


12.    Wind  Cave  National  Park,  Hot 

Springs,  S.  D. 
Superintendent 
Park  Ranger 

I                          1,800"^ 

1  1.080 

2  (per  month)     100 '' 

Zion  National  Park,  Springdale, 
Utah 
Chief  Park  Ranger  and  Acting 

Superintendent 
Park  Ranger 

Mount  Rainier  National  Park,  Ashford, 
Washington 
Superintendent 
Clerk 

Warehouse  Clerk 
Clerk-Telephone  Operator 
Stenographer 
Chief  Park  Ranger 
Park  Ranger 


Sequoia  National  Park,  Kaweah, 
Calif. 
Superintendent 
Clerk 
Assistant  Chief  Park  Ranger 


16. 


I  1,300 

I  960 

I  (per  month)       75  " 


Chief  Park  Ranger 
Park  Ranger 


Yellowstone  National  Park,  Yellowston 
Wyoming 
Superintendent 
Assistant  Superintendent 
Assistant  Engineer 
Surveyor 


*  Quarters  furnished. 

^  Temporary 

•'When  actually  employed. 


I 

3,000 

I 

1,500 

I   (per  month) 

90'' 

2  (per  month) 

70" 

I  (per  month) 

90" 

I 

1,500 

I 

1,200 

I    (per  month) 

90 

II  (per  month) 

90  ** 

I 

2,400  ^ 

I 

1,400  ^ 

I 

1,500 

I 

1,350 

I 

1,500 

I 

1,100  <= 

I 

480 

I  (per  month) 

85- 

2 

900'' 

3, (per  month) 

7.5" 

I  (per  month) 

85  be 

I  (per  month) 

75bc 

I 

4,000 

I 

2,500 

I 

2,400  ^ 

I  (per  month) 

150 

8                      1,200  a  ° 

5 

1,200 " 

74 


THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 


Purchasing  Clerk 

2,100 

Clerk 

1,440 

1,320 

(per 

month)       no 

Stenographer  and  Typist 

1,320  a 

1 ,200  =' 

Stenographer 

I 

[per 

month)     100  * 

Park  Naturalist 

1,500  ^ 

Steward  and  Master  of  Transportation  i 

1.680=^ 

Master  Mechanic 

I 

1,680^ 

Auto  Mechanic 

2 

(per 

month)     120  '^ 

Carpenter 

2 

1,320^ 

Electrician 

1,200  * 

Assistant  Electrician 

1,200 

Chief  Lineman 

1,500 

Watchman 

J 

(per 

month)    90  ^  '^ 

Blacksmith 

1,320  a 

Master  Painter 

1,500  =» 

Master  Plumber 

1,500  ^ 

Foreman 

1 .800  '^ 

1,680  --^ 

1,560^ 

1,320  =^ 

Telegraph  Operator 

1,200 

Telephone  Switchboard  Operator 

(per 

hour)     .35'"' 

900 

Chief  Buffalo  Keeper 

1,500  ^ 

Assistant  Chief  Buffalo  Keeper 

1,200 

1,200  a 

Buffalo  Herder 

75  a  b 

Handyman 

1,200^ 

Laborer 

1,080  ^ 

Chief  Ranger 

1,620 

First  Assistant  Chief  Park  Ranger 

1,500  ^ 

Assistant   Chief   Park   Ranger 

1,440 

1,320  ^ 

Park   Ranger 

4 

1,200  ^ 

6 

1,200 

8 

1,200  ^  <= 

5 

1,200  •= 

3 

1,320  ^ 

I 

1.320 ''b 

12 

(per 

month)  100  ^^  ^ 

26 

(per 

month)      80  ^ 

17.    Casa  Grande  National  Monument, 

Blackwater,  Ariz. 

Custodian 

I 

1.^20 

a  Quarters    furnished. 

^  Temporary. 

^  When  actually  employed. 


OUTLINE  OF  ORGANIZATION 


75 


i8.    Montezuma  Castle  National  Monument, 
Camp  Verde,  Ariz. 
Custodian  I  12 

19.  Navajo  National  Monument,  Kayenta, 

Ariz. 
Custodian  i  12 

20.  Papago  Saguaro  National  Monument, 

Tempe,  Ariz. 
Custodian  I  12 

21.  Petrified  Forest  National  Monument, 

Adamana,  Ariz. 
Custodian  i  I2 

22.  Tumacacori  National  Monument, 

Blackwater,  Ariz. 
Custodian  I  12 

23.  Muir  Woods  National  Monument,  Calif. 

Custodian  i  12 

24.  Colorado  National  Monument,  Grand 

Junction,  Colo. 
Custodian  i  12 

25.  Sitka  National  Monument,  Alaska 

Custodian  I  12 

26.  Scotts  Bluff  National  Monument, 

Gering,  Nebraska 
Custodian  I  12 

27.  Capulin  Mountain  National  Monument, 

Folsom,  N.  Mex. 
Custodian  i  12 

28.  El  Morro  National  Monument,   Ramah, 

N.  Mex. 
Custodian  I  12 

29.  Verendrye  National  Monument,  Sanish, 

N.   Dak. 
Custodian  i  12 

30.  Devils  Tower  National  Monument, 

Hulett,  Wyoming 
Custodian  i  12 

*  Quarters   iurnished. 

'^  Temporary. 

Note. — No  showing  is  made  above  for  Lassen,  Hawaii,  or  Mt.  McKinley 
National  Parks,  the  reason  being  that  lack  of  appropriations  has  until 
recently  made  it  impracticable  for  the  Service  to  employ  a  regular 
staff  for  the  guardianship  of  these  areas.  Under  the  1922  appropriations, 
however,  it  will  be  possible  to  take  this  step  in  the  cases  of  Hawaii 
and  Mt.  McKinley.  The  former  will  be  looked  after  by  a  superintendent, 
a  clerical  assistant,  and  two  rangers.  A  ranger  and  an  assistant  will 
take  care  of  Mt.  McKinley.  Lassen,  as  heretofore,  will  be  guarded  by 
the   forest  rangers   from  the  neighboring  Lassen   National   Forest. 


APPENDIX  2 

CLASSIFICATION  OF  ACTIVITIES 

Explanatory  Note 

The  classifications  of  activities  have  for  their  purpose  to 
list  and  classify  in  all  practicable  detail  the  specific  activities 
engaged  in  by  the  several  services  of  the  national  government. 
Such  statements  are  of  value  from  a  number  of  standpoints. 
They  furnish,  in  the  first  place,  the  most  effective  showing 
that  can  be  made  in  brief  compass  of  the  character  of  work 
performed  by  the  service  to  which  they  relate.  Secondly, 
they  lay  the  basis  for  a  system  of  accounting  and  reporting  that 
will  permit  the  showing  of  total  expenditures  classified  accord- 
ing to  activities.  Finally,  taken  collectively,  they  make  pos- 
sible the  preparation  of  a  general  or  consolidated  statement  of 
the  activities  of  the  government  as  a  whole.  Such  a  statement 
will  reveal  in  detail,  not  only  what  the  government  is  doing, 
but  the  services  in  which  the  work  is  being  performed.  For 
example,  one  class  of  activities  that  would  probably  appear  in 
such  a  classification  is  that  of  "scientific  research."  A  sub- 
head under  this  class  would  be  "chemical  research."  Under 
this  head  would  appear  the  specific  lines  of  investigation  under 
way  and  the  services  in  which  they  were  being  prosecuted. 
It  is  hardly  necessary  to  point  out  the  value  of  such  infor- 
mation in  planning  for  future  work  and  in  considering  the 
problem  of  the  better  distribution  and  coordination  of  the 
work  of  the  government.  The  Institute  contemplates  attempt- 
ing such  a  general  listing  and  classification  of  the  activities  of 
the  government  upon  the  completion  of  the  present  series. 

76 


CLASSIFICATION  OF  ACTIVITIES  yy 

Classification  Of  Activities 

Conservation 

1.  Natural  Wonders 

2.  Prehistoric  Structures 

3.  Historic  Ruins  and  Structures 

4.  Forests  and  Plant  Life 

5.  Lakes  and  Streams 

6.  Scenic  Effects 

7.  Animals 

8.  Birds 

9.  Fish 

Construction  and  Maintenance 

1.  Roads 

2.  Trails 

3.  Bridges 

4.  Vistas 

5.  Camping  Grounds 

6.  Administrative  Buildings 
Protection 

1.  Sanitation 

2.  Policing  ^ 

3.  Accident  Prevention 
Compilation  of  Statistics 

1.  Stream  Flow 

2.  Weather  .Records 

3.  Use  of  Parks 

4.  Animal  Increase 
Scientific  Research 

1.  Tree  Inspection 

2.  Specimen  Collecting 

3.  Animal  and  Bird  Study 
^  4.  Archaeology 


APPENDIX  3 
PUBLICATIONS 

The  National  Park  Service  publishes,  ( i )  historic  and  scien 
tific  pamphlets;  (2)  rules  and  regulations;  (3)  maps  and  man- 
uals; (4)  panoramic  views;  (5)  reports  and  proceedings.  A 
complete  list  of  these  publications,  together  with  all  necessary 
information  as  to  how  they  may  be  procured,  may  be  found 
in  the  annual  report  of  the  Director. 

Historic  and  Scientific  Pamphlets.  These  publications,  of 
which  there  are  twenty-six  in  all  published,  range  in  size  from 
twelve  to  260  pages.  Three  of  them  are  free.  The  others 
cost  from  five  cents  to  one  dollar,  depending  upon  the  size 
and  elaborateness  of  the  publication. 

Rules  and  Regulations.  These  booklets,  attractively  pre- 
pared, with  illustrations  and  maps,  have  been  published  for 
fourteen  of  the  parks,  including  all  of  the  most  important 
ones.  For  three  of  the  remaining  parks  they  have  been  got 
out  in  mimeographed  form  without  illustration.  Besides  the 
rules  and  regulations,  they  contain  a  great  deal  of  valuable 
information  regarding  hotels,  points  of  interest,  etc.  These 
publications  are  all  free. 

Mops  and  Manuals.  Besides  a  general  map  showing  all 
the  parks  and  monuments  administered  by  the  Service,  auto- 
mobile road  and  trail  maps  are  published  for  the  eight  most 
important  parks.  A  handy  manual  for  motorists,  in  small 
pamphlet  form,  is  also  published  containing  the  most  impor- 
tant features  of  the  .Rules  and  Regulations  and  special  in- 
formation and  advice  for  motorists.  The  maps  and  manuals 
are  free.  ;i  ~-\W^ 

Panoramic   Viezvs,     These  have   been  prepared   for   seven 

78 


PUBLICATIONS 


79 


of  the  parks  and  are  sold  at  twenty-five  cents  a  copy.  They 
are  based  on  accurate  surveys  and  average  in  size  alx)ut 
i8  X  20  inches,  the  scale  being  from  one  to  three  miles  to  the 
inch.     They  are  printed  in  four  colors. 

Reports  and  Proceedings.  The  annual  report  of  the  Di- 
rector does  not  differ  essentially  from  that  of  the  ordinary 
executive.  It  is  a  complete  summary  of  the  work  of  the  Serv- 
ice during  the  fiscal  year.  It  is  free.  At  present  the  reports 
for  1918,  1919,  1920,  and  1921  are  available  for  distribution. 
The  Proceedings  of  the  four  'National  Park  Conferences  are 
on  sale  at  from  fifteen  cents  to  twenty-five  cents  a  volume. 


iSn 


APPENDIX  4 

LAWS 

(A)  Index  to  Laws 

Administration,  etc. 

Of   monuments,    appropriations    for                           41  Stat.  L.,   1406 

Of  parks,  appropriations  for                                        41  Stat.  L.,   1406 

American  Antiquities 

Punishment  for  destruction  of                                   34  Stat.  L.,     225 

Animals 

May  be  destroyed  when                                                39  Stat.  L.,     535 

Appropriations 

Administration,  protection,  maintenance,  and  im- 
provement of  parks  41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
Administration,  protection,  maintenance,  preser- 
vation, and  improvement  of  monuments  41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
Blackfeet  Reservation  Road,  repairs  to  41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
Bridges  and  Culverts,  Yellowstone  41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
Buffalo  in  Yellowstone,  care  of  41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
Community  Centers,  Yellowstone  41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
El  Portal  Road,  construction  of  41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
Federal  Power  Commission,  limitations  on  use  of  41  Stat.  L.,  1380 
Fighting  Forest  Fires  41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
Fire  Lookout  Station,  Yellowstone  41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
Forest  fires — not  to  be  used  precautionarily  41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
Forest  fires — to  be  allotted  by  Secretary  of  the 

Interior  41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
Motor-driven  vehicles — maintenance,  etc.,  of  41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
National  Park  Service  in  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia 41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
Ranger  Stations,  Yellowstone  and  Rainier  41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
Replacement  of  Burned  Buildmgs  41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
Rest  House,  Yellowstone  41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
Rights  of  Way  in  Grand  Canyon — acquisition  of  41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
Roads  in  Glacier  41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
Roads  in  Yellowstone  41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
Roads  in  Yosemite  41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
Salaries  of  Officers                                                      39  Stat.  L.,     535 

40  Stat.  L.,      20 

41  Stat.  L.,  1406 

1  This  index  refers  to  the  general  laws — Special  acts  affecting  individual 
parks  are  referred  to  in  the  general  index  to  this  volume. 

80 


LAWS  8i 

Shelter  Cabin,   Rainier  41   Stat.  L.,  1406 

Snow  Removal  in  Yellowstone,  limitation  on  ex- 
penditure for  41   Stat.  L.,  1406 

Toll  Roads  in  Grand  Canyon,  expenditures  for 

forbidden  41   Stat.  L.,  1406 

Arrest 

Authority  of  Officer  to  33  Stat.  L.,    700 

Without  Process — when  permissible  33  Stat.  L.,     700 

Blackfeet    Indian    Reservation,    appropriation    for 

road  repair  in  41   Stat.  L.,  1406 

Bridges  and  Culverts 

In    Yellowstone,    appropriation    for  41   Stat.  L.,  1406 

Buffaloes 

In  Yellowstone,  appropriation  for  care  of  41   Stat.  L.,  1406 

Buildings 

Replacement  of  burned  41   Stat.  L.,  1406 

Limitation  on  cost  of  37    Stat.    L.,    460 

Limitation  on  cost  increased  40  Stat.  L.,    677 

Cooperation 

With  Secretary  of  Agriculture  39    Stat.    L.,    535 

Creation 

National  Park  Service  established  39    Stat.    L.,   535 

Community  Centers 

In  Yellowstone,  appropriation  for  41   Stat.  L.,  1406 

Donations 

Of   lands,   etc., — Secretary   of   the   Interior   may 
accept  41    Stat.    L.,   917 

Forest  Fires 

Appropriation  for  lookout  stations  in  Yellowstone  41   Stat.  L.,  1406 

Appropriations  for,  not  to  be  used  precautionarily   41  Stat.  L.,  1406 

Appropriations  for,  to  be  allotted  by  Secretary  of 

the  Interior  41   Stat.  L.,  1406 

Penalties  for  setting,  etc.,  provided  35  Stat.  L.,   1098 

Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  submit  report  on     41   Stat.  L.,  1406 
Federal  Power  Commission 

May  not  license  power  development  in  parks       41   Stat.  L.,  1353 

Limitation  on  use  of  appropriation  41   Stat.  L.,   1380 

Laws 

Codification   of  penal  35   Stat.  L.,  1098 

Violations  of  relating  to  parks,  arrests  for  33    Stat.    L.,    700 

Live  Stock 

May  not  be  grazed  in  Yellowstone  39    Stat.    L.,    535 

Miners  and  Homesteaders 

Wood   rights   on  public  lands   reserved  35  Stat.  L.,   1098 

Monuments 

Contiguous  to  national  forests,  supervision  of         39    Stat.    L.,   535 

Creation  of  34    Stat.    L.,   225 

Excavation,  etc.,  on,  permits  for  34    Stat.    L.,   225 

Secretaries  of  Agriculture,  Interior,  and  War  to 
make  rules  to  govern  34   Stat.    L.,   225 


82 


THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 


Motor  Vehicles 

Limitations  on  expenditures  for 
Natural   Curiosities 

Free  access  to  not  to  be  interfered  with 
Personnel 

Authority  of,  to  arrest 
Duties  of — in  general 
Director 

How  appointed 
Duties  of 
Salary  of 

Assistant  Director 
How  appointed 
Salary  of 


Accountant — salary  of 
Chief  Clerk 

How  appointed 

Salary  of 


Clerks — salaries  of 
Draftsman — salary  of 


Editor — salary  of 

Employees    appointed    by    Secretary    of   the 

terior 
Experts,   etc., — limitation  on  employment  of 
Law  Clerk — salary  of 
Messenger 

How  appointed 

Salary  of 


Superintendent  of  National  Parks 
Authorization  for  employment  of 
Appropriation   for   salary   of 
Plant  Life 

May  be  destroyed,  when 
President  of  the  United  States  may  reserve  monu- 
ments by  proclamation 
Privileges 

In  Grand  Canyon  to  highest  bidder 
Limitations  upon  granting  of 
Secretary  of  the   Interior  may  grant  discretion- 
arily 


41 

Stat. 

L., 

1406 

39 

Stat. 

L.. 

535 

33 

Stat. 

L., 

700 

39 

Stat. 

L., 

535 

39 

Stat. 

L., 

535 

39 

Stat. 

L., 

535 

39 

Stat. 

L., 

535 

40 

Stat. 

L 

,  20 

41 

Stat. 

L., 

1406 

39 

Stat. 

L., 

535 

39 

Stat. 

L., 

535 

40 

Stat. 

L 

,  20 

41 

Stat. 

L., 

1406 

41 

Stat. 

L., 

1406 

39 

Stat. 

L., 

535 

39 

Stat. 

L., 

535 

40 

Stat 

L 

,  20 

41 

Stat. 

L., 

1406 

40 

Stat. 

L 

,  20 

41 

Stat. 

L., 

1406 

39 

Stat. 

L., 

535 

4.0 

Stat. 

L. 

,  20 

41 

Stat. 

L., 

1406 

T    41 

Stat. 

L., 

1406 

In- 39 

Stat. 

L., 

535 

39 

Stat. 

L., 

535 

41 

Stat. 

L., 

1406 

39 

Stat. 

U 

535 

39 

Stat. 

L., 

535 

40 

Stat. 

L. 

,  20 

41 

Stat. 

L., 

1406 

39 

Stat. 

L., 

309 

39 

Stat. 

L., 

23 

40 

Stat.  . 

L., 

20 

39 
nu- 

Stat. 

L- 

535 

34 

Stat. 

L-, 

225 

40 

Stat. 

L., 

1 177 

39 

on- 

Stat. 

L., 

535 

39 

Stat. 

L., 

535 

LAWS  83 


danger  Stations 

Appropriations  for  41   Stat.  L.,  1406 

Receipts  and  Expenditures 
ijj    Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  submit  statement  of  36  Stat.  L.,  142 1 
JRest  House 

"i|    Appropriation   for  41   Stat.  L.,  1406 

I; ''Revenues 

1'    To  be  covered   into   Treasury  40    Stat.    L.,    153 

Rights  of  Way 
Act   relating   to   through    parks,    etc.,    not   to   be 

affected  39    Stat.    L.,   535 

Acquisition  of  for  roads  and  trails  in  Grand  Can- 
yon 41   Stat.  L.,  1406 
Roads 
In  Glacier — appropriation  for  41   Stat.  L.,  1406 
In   Yellowstone — appropriation    for  41   Stat.  L.,  1406 
In  Yosemite — appropriation   for                                 41   Stat.  L.,  1406 
Rules  and  Regulations 

Arrest  for  violation  of  33    Stat.    L.,    700 

Punishment  for  violation  of  39    Stat.    L.,    535 

Secretaries  of  Agriculture,  Interior,  and  War  to 
make  34   Stat.    L.,   22=: 

Secretary  of  Agriculture 
May  permit  excavation,  etc.,  of  antiquities  34    Stat.    L.,    22j, 

Shall  cooperate  in  making  rules  and  regulations 

for  monuments  34  Stat.  L.,    225 

Shall  cooperate  with  National  Park  Service,  when  39    Stat.    L.,    535 
Secretary  of  the  Interior 
May  accept  donations  for  park  purposes  41    Stat.    L.,   917 

May  accept  relinquishments  of  monument  tracts  34    Stat.    L.,   225 
May  destroy  animals  and  plant  life,  when  39  Stat.  L.,     535 

May  grant  grazing  permits  39    Stat.    L.,   535 

May  grant  privileges,  leases,  and  permits  39    Stat.    L.,   535 

May  permit   excavation,   etc.,   of  antiquities  34    Stat.    L.,   225 

May  sell  timber,  when  39  Stat.  L.,     535 

Shall  allot  forest  fire  funds  41   Stat.  L.,  1406 

Shall  cooperate  in  making  rules  and  regulations 

for  monuments  34    Stat.    L.,   225 

Shall  direct  expenditures  of  Yellowstone  appro- 
priation 41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
Shall  make  rules  and  regulations  39  Stat.  L.,  535 
Shall  submit  estimates  40  Stat.  L.,  153 
Shall  submit  reports  on  forest  fires  41  Stat.  L.,  1406 
Secretary  of  War 

May  permit   excavations,   etc.,   of   antiquities        34    Stat.    L.,   225 
Shall  cooperate  in  making  rules  and  regulations 

for  monuments  34    Stat.    L.,   225 

Shelter  Cabins 

Appropriation  for  41   Stat.  L.,  1406 

Snow 
In  Yellowstone — removal  of  41  Stat.  L.,  1406 


84  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

Toll  Roads 

Expenditures  on  forbidden  41   Stat.  L.,   14c 

United   States   Commissioners 

Shall  issue  process,  when  33    Stat.   L.,   70 

Water  Power 

Development  of  in  parks  and  monuments  forbid- 
den 41   Stat.  L.,   135 
Yellowstone 

Grazing  forbidden  in  39    Stat.    L.,    53 

(B)   Compilation  Of  Laws 

General 

1905 — Act  of  February  6,  1905  (33  Stat.  L.,  700) — An  Act 
For  the  protection  of  the  public  forest  reserves  anc 
national  parks  of  the  United  States. 

That  all  persons  employed  in  the  forest-reserve  and  national- 
park  service  of  the  United  States  shall  have  authority  to  make  arrests 
for  the  violation  of  the  laws  and  regulations  relating  to  the  forest 
reserves  and  national  parks,  and  any  person  so  arrested  shall  be 
taken  before  the  nearest  United  States  Commissioner,  within  whose 
jurisdiction  the  reservation  or  national  park  is  located,  for  trial ;  and 
upon  sworn  information  by  any  competent  person  any  United  States 
Commissioner  in  the  proper  jurisdiction  shall  issue  process  for  the 
arrest  of  any  person  charged  with  the  violation  of  said  laws  and 
regulations;  but  nothing  herein  contained  shall  be  construed  as  pre- 
venting the  arrest  by  any  officer  of  the  United  States,  without  pro- 
cess, of  any  person  taken  in  the  act  of  violating  said  laws  and 
regulations. 

1906 — Act  of  June  8,  1906  (34  Stat.  L.,  225) — An  Act  For 
the  preservation  of  American  antiquities. 

[Sec.  i].  That  any  person  who  shall  appropriate,  excavate,  in- 
jure, or  destroy  any  historic  or  prehistoric  ruin  or  monument,  or 
any  object  of  antiquity,  situated  on  lands  owned  or  controlled  by  the 
Government  of  the  United  States,  without  the  permission  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  department  of  the  Government  having  jurisdiction 
over  the  lands  on  which  said  antiquities  are  situated,  shall,  upon 
conviction,  be  fined  in  a  sum  of  not  more  than  $500  or  be  imprisoned 
for  a  period  of  not  more  than  ninety  days,  or  shall  suffer  both  fine 
and  imprisonment,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  is  hereby  author- 
ized, in  his  discretion,  to  declare  by  public  proclamation  historic 
landmarks,  historic  and  prehistoric  structures,  and  other  objects  of 
historic  or  scientific  interest  that  are  situated  upon  the  lands  owned 
or  controlled  by  the  Government  of  the  United  States  to  be  national 
monuments,  and  may  reserve  as  a  part  thereof  parcels  of  land,  the 


LAWS  85 

limits  of  which  in  all  cases  shall  be  confined  to  the  smallest  area 
compatible  with  the  proper  care  and  management  of  the  objects 
to  be  protected:  Provided,  That  when  such  objects  are  situated  upon 
a  tract  covered  by  a  bona  fide  unperfected  claim  or  held  in  private 
ownership,  the  tract,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary  for 
the  proper  care  and  management  of  the  object,  may  be  relinquished 
to  the  Government,  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  hereby 
authorized  to  accept  the  relinquishment  of  such  tracts  in  behalf  of 
the  Government  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  3.  That  permits  for  the  examination  of  ruins,  the  excavation 
of  archaeological  sites,  and  the  gathering  of  oljjects  of  antiquity  upon 
the  lands  under  their  respective  jurisdictions  may  be  granted  by  the 
Secretaries  of  the  Interior,  Agriculture,  and  War  to  institutions 
which  they  may  deem  properly  qualified  to  conduct  such  examination, 
excavation,  or  gathering,  subject  to  such  rules  and  regulations  as 
they  may  prescribe :  Provided,  That  the  examinations,  excavations, 
and  gatherings  are  undertaken  for  the  benefit  of  reputable  museums, 
universities,  colleges,  or  other  recognized  scientific  or  educational 
institutions,  with  a  view  to  increasing  the  knowledge  of  such  ob- 
jects, and  that  the  gatherings  shall  be  made  for  permanent  preserva- 
tion  in  public  museums. 

Sec.  4.  That  the  Secretaries  of  the  departments  aforesaid  shall 
make  and  publish  from  time  to  time  uniform  rules  and  regulations 
for  the  purpose  of  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  this  act.'^ 

1909 — Act  of  March  4,  1909  (35  Stat.  L.,  1088,  1098) — An 
Act  To  codify,  revise,  and  amend  the  penal  laws  of 
the  United  States. 

Sections  49-53  inclusive,  and  56,  57,  and  60,  provide  penalties  for 
timber  depredations  on  public  lands,  reservations  or  Indian  lands, 
reserving  the  usual  wood  rights  of  mining  men  and  homesteaders; 
also  for  boxing  trees  for  turpentine  on  public  lands,  or  setting  fires, 
failing  to  extinguish  fires,  breaking  fences,  driving  cattle,  and  injur- 
ing survey  marks  and  telegraph  lines  thereon. 

1911 — ^Act  of  March  4,  1911  (36  Stat.  L.,  1363,  1421) — An 
Act  Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses 
of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twelve,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  *  *  * 

Hereafter  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  shall  submit  in  the  annual 

1  Under  authority  of  the  foregoing  act  the  various  proclamations  have 
been  made  establishing  the  national  monuments.  A  list  of  these  proc- 
lamations will  be  found  under  the  section  entitled  "The  National  Monu- 
ments," Chapter  i,  supra. 


86  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

Book  of  Estimates,  following  the  estimates  for  each  of  the  national 
parks,  a  classified  statement  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  for 
the  complete  fiscal  year  next  preceding  the  fiscal  year  for  which  esti- 
mates of  appropriations  are  submitted. 

1912 — Act  of  August  24,  1912  (37  Stat,  L.,  417,  460)— An 
Act  Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses 
of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  thirteen,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

*  *  *  * 

No  expenditure  for  construction  of  administration  or  other  build- 
ings cost  in  case  of  any  building  exceeding  one  thousand  dollars 
shall  hereafter  be  made  in  any  national  park  except  under  express 
authority  of  Congress :  Provided,  That  this  shall  not  apply  to  build- 
ings now  in  the  process  of  actual  construction. 

1916 — Act  of  February  28,  1916  (39  Stat.  L.,  14,  23) — An 
Act  Making  appropriations  to  supply  further  urgent 
deficiencies  in  appropriations  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  sixteen, 
and  prior  years,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  *  * 

There  is  appropriated,  for  the  remainder  of  the  fiscal  year  nine- 
teen hundred  and  sixteen,  from  the  several  appropriations  for  pro- 
tection, improvement,  and  management,  and  so  forth,  of  the  various 
national  parks,  including  the  Hot  Springs  Reservation,  as  well  as 
from  the  revenues  from  privileges,  and  so  forth,  in  the  national 
parks  and  the  Hot  Springs  Reservation,  such  sum  or  sums  as  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  in  his  judgment  may  deem  necessary,  to 
be  expended  in  employment  of  the  superintendent  of  national  parks 
in  the  District  of  Columbia  and  in  the  field,  and  other  necessary  ex- 
penses in  connection  with  the  administration  of  the  national  parks 
and  the  Hot  Springs  Reservation;  a  detailed  statement  of  such  ex- 
penditures to  be  submitted  to  Congress. 

1916 — Act  of  July  I,  1916  (39  Stat.  L.,  262,  309) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  seventeen,  and   for 

other  purposes. 

*  *  *  * 


LAWS  87 

The  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  authorized  to  employ  in  the  Dis- 
.rict  of  Columbia  and  elsewhere,  and  pay,  during  the  fiscal  year 
jiineteen  hundred  and  seventeen,  out  of  the  several  appropriations  for 
rolection,  improvement  and  management  of  the  various  national 
arks  including  the  Hot  Springs  Reservation  and  out  of  the  revenues 
roni  rentals  and  privileges  derived  therefrom,  a  superintendent  of 
ational  parks  and  to  assist  him  such  clerical  or  other  services,  not 
xcceding  four  persons,  as  the  Secretary  shall  determine,  and  also 
0  pay  from  said  funds  all  necessary  expenses  of  subsistence  and 
ravel  of  said  superintendent  when  absent  on  duty  outside  of  the 
district  of  Columbia.  A  detailed  statement  of  all  expenditures  here- 
ndcr  shall  be  made  to  Congress  at  its  next  session. 

916 — Act  of  August  25,  1916  (39  Stat.  L.,  535) — An  Act 
To  establish  a  National  Park  Service  and  for  other 
purposes  (as  amended  by  act  of  June  2,  1920;  41 
Stat.  L.,  732 — An  Act  To  Accept  the  cession  by 
the  State  of  California  of  exclusive  jurisdiction  of 
the  lands  embraced  within  the  Yosemite  National 
Park,  Sequoia  National  Park,  and  General  Grant 
National  Park,  respectively  and  for  other  purposes) 

[Sec.  i].  That  there  is  hereby  created  in  the  Department  of  the 
nterior  a  service  to  be  called  the  National  Park  Service,  which  shall 
le  under  the  charge  of  a  director,  who  shall  be  appointed  by  the 
secretary  and  who  shall  receive  a  salary  of  $4,500  per  annum.  There 
hall  also  be  appointed  by  the  Secretary  the  following  assistants  and 
'ither  employees  at  the  salaries  designated:  One  assistant  director. 
It  $2,500  per  annum ;  one  chief  clerk,  at  $2,000  per  annum ;  one 
Iraftsman,  at  $1,800  per  annum;  one  messenger,  at  $600  per  annum; 
md,  in  addition  thereto,  such  other  employees  as  the  Secretary  of 
he  Interior  shall  deem  necessary :  Provided,  That  not  more  than 
)8,ioo  annually  shall  be  expended  for  salaries  of  experts,  assistants, 
md  employees  within  the  District  of  Columbia  not  herein  specifically 
numerated  unless  previously  authorized  by  law.  The  service  thus 
established  shall  promote  and  regulate  the  use  of  the  Federal  areas 
mown  as  national  parks,  monuments,  and  reservations  hereinafter 
specified  by  such  means  and  measures  as  conform  to  the  fundamental 
purposes  of  the  said  parks,  monuments,  and  reservations,  which  pur- 
pose is  to  conserve  the  scenery  and  the  natural  and  historic  objects 
ind  the  wild  life  therein  and  to  provide  for  the  enjoyment  of  the 
>ame  in  such  manner  and  by  such  means  as  will  leave  them  tmim- 
jaired  for  the  enjoyment  of  future  generations. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  director  shall,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secre- 
:ary  of  the  Interior,  have  the  supervision,  management,  and  control 
jf  the  several  national  parks  and  national  monuments  which  are 
low  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  and  of 
:he  Hot  Springs  Reservation  in  the  State  of  Arkansas,  and  of  such 


88  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

other  national  parks  and  reservations  of  like  character  as  may  b 
hereafter  created  by  Congress :  Provided,  That  in  the  supervisior 
management,  and  control  of  national  monuments  contiguous  t 
national  forests  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  may  cooperate  wit! 
said  National  Park  Service  to  such  extent  as  may  be  requested  b; 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  shall  make  and  publisl 
such  rules  and  regulations  as  he  may  deem  necessary  or  proper  fo 
the  use  and  management  of  the  parks,  monuments,  and  reservation 
under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  National  Park  Service,  and  any  viola 
tions  of  any  of  the  rules  and  regulations  authorized  by  this  act  shal 
be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  more  than  $jOO,  or  imprisonment  fo 
not  exceeding  six  months,  or  both,  and  be  adjudged  to  pay  all  cos 
of  the  proceedings^  He  may  also,  upon  terms  and  conditions  to  b 
fixed  by  him,  sell  or  dispose  of  timber  in  those  cases  where  in  hi 
judgment  the  cutting  of  such  timber  is  required  in  order  to  contrc 
the  attacks  of  insects  or  diseases  or  otherwise  conserve  the  scener; 
or  the  natural  or  historic  objects  in  any  such  park,  monument,  o 
reservation  He  may  also  provide  in  his  discretion  for  the  destruc 
tion  of  juch  animals  and  of  such  plant  life  as  may  be  detrimenta 
to  the  use  of  any  of  said  parks,  monuments,  or  reservations.  H 
may  also  grant  privileges,  leases,  and  permits  for  the  use  of  lan( 
for  the  accommodation  of  visitors  in  the  various  parks,  monuments,  o 
other  reservations  herein  provided  for,  but  for  periods  not  exceed 
ing  twenty  years  i^  and  no  natural  curiosities,  wonders,  or  object 
of  interest  shall  be  leased,  rented,  or  granted  to  any  one  on  sucl 
terms  as  to  interfere  with  free  access  to  them  by  the  public ;  Pro 
vided,  however.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may,  under  sucl 
rules  and  regulations  and  on  such  terms  as  he  may  prescribe,  gran 
the  privilege  to  graze  live  stock  within  any  national  park,  monument 
or  reservation  herein  referred  to  when  in  his  judgment  such  use  i: 
not  detrimental  to  the  primary  purpose  for  which  such  park,  monu 
ment,  or  reservation  was  created,  except  that  this  provision  shal 
not  apply  to  the  Yellowstone  National  Park. 

Sec.  4.  That  nothing  in  this  Act  contained  shall  affect  or  modif) 
the  provisions  of  the  act  approved  February  fifteenth,  nineteer 
hundred  and  one,  entitled  "An  Act  relating  to  rights  of  way  througl 
certain  parks,  reservations,  and  other  public  lands." 

1917 — Act  of  April  17,  1917  (40  Stat.  L.,  2,  20) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  to  supply  deficiencies  in  ap- 
propriations for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth, 
nineteen  hundred  and  seventeen  and  prior  fiscal  years, 

and  for  other  purposes. 
*  *  *  * 
For   employees   from   April   fifteenth   to   June  thirtieth,   nineteen 

1  As  amended. 

2  This  clause  does  not  fully  apply  to  Grand  Canyon  Park.  See  proviso 
in  Act  of  February  26,  1919;  40  Stat.  L.,  1177. 


LAWS  89 

mndred  and  seventeen,  inclusive,  at  annual  rates  of  compensation 
U  follows:  Director,  $4,500;  assistant  director,  $2,500;  chief  clerk, 
>2,ooo;  draftsman,  $1,800;  clerks — one  of  class  three,  two  of  class 
wo,  two  at  $900  each ;  messenger,  $600 ;  in  all,  for  park  service  in 
he  District  of  Columbia,  $3,666.67,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be 
lecessary,  to  be  in  lieu  of  salaries,  during  such  period,  of  the 
superintendent  of  National  Parks  and  four  other  persons  authorized 
o  be  employed  in  the  District  of  Columbia  during  the  fiscal  year 
lineteen  hundred  and  seventeen  by  the  sundry  civil  appropriation 
ict  approved  July  first,  nineteen  hundred  and  sixteen. 

[917 — Act  of  June  12,  1917  (40  Stat.  L.,  105,  153) — An 
Act  Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses 
of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  eighteen,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

L 

fC      3|>      S}£       ^ 

From  and  after  July  first,  nineteen  hundred  and  eighteen,  all 
revenues  of  the  national  parks,  except  Hot  Springs  Reservation, 
Arkansas,  shall  be  covered  into  the  Treasury  to  the  credit  of  mis- 
cellaneous receipts;  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  directed  to 
submit,  for  the  fiscal  year  nineteen  hundred  and  nineteen  and  an- 
nually thereafter,  estimates  of  the  amounts  required  for  the  care, 
maintenance,  and  development  of  the  said  parks. 

1918 — Act  of  July  I,  1918  (40  Stat.  L.,  634,  677) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations,  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  nineteen,  and  for 
other  purposes. 


The  limitation  of  cost  upon  the  construction  of  any  administration 
or  other  building  in  any  national  park  without  express  authority  of 
Congress,  contained  in  the  sundry  civil  appropriation  Act  approved 
August  twenty-fourth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twelve,  is  increased 
from  $1,000  to  $1,500. 

1920 — Act  of  June  5,  1920  (41  Stat.  L.,  874,  917) — An  Act 

Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 

the    Government    for   the    fiscal   year   ending  June 

thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty-one,  and  for 

other  purposes. 
*  *  *  * 


90  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

Hereafter  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  in  his  administration  o'  J 
the  National  Park  Service  is  authorized,  in  his  discretion,  to  accepf 
patented  lands,  rights  of  way  over  patented  lands  or  other  lands, 
buildings,  or  other  property  within  the  various  national  parks  and, 
national  monuments,  and  moneys  which  may  be  donated  for  the 
purposes  of  the  national  park  and  monument  system. 

1921— Act  of  March  3,  1921  (41  Stat.  L.,  1353) — An  Act! 
To  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  Act  To  create  a  Fed 
eral  Power  Commission;  to  provide  for  the  improv 
ment  of  navigation;  the  development  of  water  power; ; 
the  use  of  the  public  lands  in  relation  thereto;  and  I 
to  repeal  section  18  of  the  River  and  Harbor  Ap-i 
propriation  Act,  approved  August  8,  19 17,  and  fori 
other  purposes,"  approved  June  10,  1920.  I 

That  hereafter  no  permit,  license,  lease,  or  authorization  for  dams, 
conduits,    reservoirs,    power    houses',    transmission    lines,    or    other; 
works    for   storage   or   carriage   of   water,    or    for   the   development, 
transmission,  or  utilization  of  power,  within  the  limits  as  now  con- 
stituted of  any  national  park  or  national  monument  shall  be  granted 
or  made  without  specific  authority  of  Congress,  and  so  much  of  the 
act  of  Congress  approved  June  10,  1920,  entitled  "An  Act  to  create 
a  Federal   Power   Commission;   to  provide   for  the  improvement   of. 
navigation;  the  development  of  water  power;  the  use  of  the  public' 
lands  in  relation  thereto;  and  to  repeal  section  18  of  the  River  and,! 
Harbor  Appropriation  Act,  approved  August  8,  1917,  and  for  other- 
purposes,"    approved    June    10,    1920,    as    authorizes    licensing   such 
uses  of  existing  national  parks  and  national  monuments  by  the  Fed- 
eral PoAver  Commission  is  hereby  repealed. 

1921 — Act  of  March  4,  1921  (41  Stat.  L.,  1367,  1380, 
1406) — An  Act  Making  appropriations  for  sundry 
civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30,  1922,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  *  * 

That  no  portion  of  this  appropriation  [For  .  .  .  the  Federal  Power 
Commission  .  .  .  $100,000]  shall  be  available  for  any  expense  con- 
nected with  the  leasing  of  any  water-power  facilities  in  any  national 
park  and  national  monument. 

*  *  *  * 

National  Park  Service:  Director,  $4,500;  assistant  director,  $2,500; 
clTief  clerk,  $2,000;  law  clerk  $2,000;  editor,  $2,000;  draftsman, 
$1,800;  accountant,  $1,800;  clerks — two  of  class  four,  three  of  class 
three  (one  transferred  from  Secretary's  office),  one  of  class  two,  one 


LAWS 


91 


of  class  one,  one  $1,020,  two  at  $900  each;  messenger,  $600;  in  all, 
for  park  service  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  $31,020. 

Fighting  forest  fires  in  national  parks:  For  fighting  forest  fires 
in  national  parks,  or  other  areas  administered  by  the  National  Park 
Service,  or  fires  that  endanger  such  areas,  and  for  replacing  build- 
ings or  other  physical  improvements  that  have  been  destroyed  by 
forest  fires  within  such  areas,  $25,000 :  Provided,  That  these  funds 
shall  not  be  used  for  any  precautionary  fire  protection  or  patrol  work 
prior  to  actual  occurrence  of  the  fire:  And  provided  further,  That 
tlie  allotment  of  these  funds  to  the  various  national  parks,  or  areas 
administered  by  the  National  Park  Service,  for  fire  fighting  purposes, 
shall  be  made  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  and  then  only  after 
the  obligation  for  the  expenditure  has  been  incurred,  and  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior  shall  submit  with  his  annual  estimate  of  ex- 
penditures a  report  showing  the  location,  size,  and  description  of 
each  forest  fire,  together  with  the  number  of  men,  their  classifica- 
tion and  rate  of  pay  and  actual  time  employed,  and  a  statement  of 
expenditures  showing  the  cost  for  labor,  supplies,  special  services, 
and  other  expenses  covered  by  the  expenditures  made  from  these 
{  funds. 

i  Crater  Lake  National  Park,  Oregon:  For  administration,  protec- 
tion, maintenance,  and  improvement,  including  not  exceeding  $600 
for  the  maintenance,  operation,  and  repair  of  a  motor-driven  pas- 
senger-carrying vehicle  for  the  use  of  the  superintendent  and  em- 
ployees in  connection  with  general  park  work,  $25,300. 

General  Grant  National  Park,  California :  For  adminstration,  pro- 
tection,  maintenance,   and   improvement,  $6,000. 

Glacier  National  Park,  Montana:  For  administration,  protection, 
maintenance,  and  improvement,  including  necessary  repairs  to  the 
roads  from  Glacier  Park  Station  through  the  Blackfeet  Indian 
Reservation  to  various  points  in  the  boundary  line  of  the  Glacier 
National  Park  and  to  the  International  Boundary,  including  not 
exceeding  $2,400  for  the  maintenance,  repair,  and  operation  of 
motor-driven  and  horse-drawn  passenger-carrying  vehicles  for  the 
use  of  the  superintendent  and  employees  in  connection  with  general 
park  work,  and  not  exceeding  $100,000  for  the  partial  construction 
of  a  trans-mountain  road  connecting  the  east  and  west  sides  of  the 
park,  $195,000,  of  which  amount  $25,000  shall  be  immediately  avail- 
able. 

Grand  Canyon  National  Park,  Arizona:  For  administration,  pro- 
tection, maintenance,  improvement,  and  the  acquisition  of  lands  for 
road  and  trail  rights  of  way  within  the  park,  including  not  ex- 
ceeding $2,000  for  the  purchase,  maintenance,  operation,  and  re- 
pair of  motor-driven  passenger-carrying  vehicles  for  the  use  of 
the  superintendent  and  employees  in  connection  with  general 
park  work,  $100,000:  Provided,  That  no  expenditure  shall  be  made 
in  the  maintenance  or  improvement  of  any  toll  road  or  toll 
trail. 

Hawaii  National  Park:  For  administration,  protection,  mainten- 
ance, and  improvement,  including  not  exceeding  $1,800  for  the 
purchase,  maintenance,  operation,  and  repair  of  a  motor-driven  pas- 


92  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE  i 

senger-carrying  vehicle  for  use  of  the  superintendent  and  park  em- 
ployees in  connection  with  general  park  work,  $10,000.  tj 

*  *  *  *  ^ 

Lafayette  National  Park,  Maine :  for  administration,  maintenance, 
protection,  and  improvement,  including  not  exceeding  $600  for  main- 
tenance, operation,  and  repair  of  a  motor-driven  passenger-carry- 
ing vehicle   for  use  in   administration   of  the  park,   $25,000. 

Lassen  Volcanic  National  Park,  California:  For  protection  and 
improvement,  $3,000. 

Mesa  Verde  National  Park,  Colorado:  For  administration,  pro- 
tection, maintenance,  and  improvement,  including  not  exceeding  $800 
for  maintenance,  operation,  and  repair  of  horse-drawn  and  motor- 
driven  passenger-carrying  vehicles  for  tise  of  the  superintendent  and 
employees,  $16,400. 

Mount  McKinley  National  Park,  Alaska:  For  protection  and  im- 
provement,  $8,000. 

Mount  Rainier  National  Park,  Washington :  For  administration, 
protection,  maintenance,  and  improvement,  including  not  exceeding 
$1,800  for  the  purchase,  maintenance,  operation,  and  repair  of  motor- 
driven  passenger-carrying  vehicles  for  use  of  the  superintendent  and 
park  employees  in  connection  with  general  park  work,  not  exceed- 
ing $2,500  for  a  ranger  station  at  Paradise  Valley;  not  exceed- 
ing $2,500  for  a  shelter  cabin  at  Camp  Muir;  $150,000,  of  which 
amount  $25,000  shall  be  immediately  available. 

National  Monuments:  For  the  administration,  protection,  main- 
tenance, preservation,  and  improvement  of  the  national  monuments, 
to  be  expended  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 
$12,500. 

Piatt  National  Park,  Oklahoma:  For  administration,  protection, 
maintenance,  and  improvement,  $7,500. 

Rocky  Mountain  National  Park,  Colorado:  For  administration, 
protection,  maintenance,  and  improvement,  including  not  exceeding 
$1,500  for  the  purchase,  maintenance,  operation,  and  repair  of 
motor-driven  passenger-carrying  vehicles  for  use  of  the  super- 
intendent and  employees  in  connection  with  general  park  work, 
$65,000. 

Sequoia  National  Park,  California:  For  administration,  protec- 
cion,  maintenance,  and  improvement,  including  not  exceeding  $2,000 
to  be  available  immediately,  for  the  purchase,  maintenance,  opera- 
tion, and  repair  of  a  motor-driven  passenger-carrying  vehicle  for 
the  use  of  the  superintendent  and  employees  in  connection  with 
general  park  work,   $86,000. 

Wind  Cave  National  Park,  South  Dakota:  For  administration,  pro- 
tection,  maintenance,    and   improvement,    $7,500. 

Yellowstone  National  Park,  Wyoming:  For  administration,  pro- 
tection, maintenance,  and  improvement,  including  not  to  exceed 
$8,400  for  maintenance  of  the  road  in  the  forest  reserve  leading 
out  of  the  park  from  the  east  boundary,  not  to  exceed  $11,000  for 
purchase  and  installation  of  new  bridges  and  culverts  for  said  east 
forest  road,  not  to  exceed  $7,500  for  maintenance  of  the  road  in 
the  forest  reserve  leading  out  of  the  park  from  the  south  boundary, 
not  to  exceed  $16,000  for  two  combined  ranger  stations  and  com- 


APPENDICES  93 

raunity  centers  for  campers  at  Upper  Geyser  Basin,  Yellowstone 
Lake,  and  Grand  Canyon,  not  to  exceed  $2,500  for  fire  lookout  and 
rest  house  on  Mount  Washburn,  not  to  exceed  $7,600  for  the  pur- 
chase, operation,  maintenance,  and  repair  of  motor-propelled  pas- 
senger-carrying vehicles,  and  including  feed  for  Iniffalo  and  other 
animals  and  salaries  of  buffalo  keepers,  $350,000,  of  which  amount 
$25,000  shall  be  immediately  available,  to  be  expended  by  and  under 
the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior:  Provided,  That  not 
exceeding  $2,000  may  be  expended  for  the  removal  of  snow  from 
any  of  the  roads  for  the  purpose  of  opening  them  in  advance  of 
the  tourist  season. 

Yosemite  National  Park,  California:  For  administration,  pro- 
tection, maintenance,  and  improvement,  including  not  exceeding 
$3,000  for  purchase,  maintenance,  operation,  and  repair  of  horse- 
drawn  and  motor-driven  passenger-carrying  vehicles  for  use  of 
the  superintendent  and  employees  in  connection  with  general  park 
work,  and  not  exceeding  $15,000  for  the  completion  of  grading  in 
width  not  exceeding  twenty  feet  the  El  Portal- Yosemite  road, 
$300,000. 

Zion  National  Park,  Utah:  for  administration,  protection,  main- 
tenance, and  improvement,  $10,000. 

Yellowstone 

1872 — Act  of  March  i,  1872  (17  Stat.  L.,  32) — An  Act  To 
set  aside  a  certain  tract  of  land  lying  near  the  head- 
waters of  the  Yellowstone  River  as  a  public  park. 

[Sec.  i].  The  tract  of  land  in  the  Territories  of  Montana  and 
Wyoming,  lying  near  the  head-waters  of  the  Yellowstone  River  and 
described  as  follows,  to  wit,  commencing  at  the  junction  of 
Gardiner's  River,  with  the  Yellowstone  River,  and  running  east 
to  the  meridian  passing  ten  miles  to  the  eastward  of  the  most  eastern 
point  of  Yellowstone  Lake;  thence  south  along  said  meridian  to 
the  parallel  of  latitude  passing  ten  miles  south  of  the  most  southern 
point  of  Yellowstone  Lake;  thence  west  along  said  parallel  to  the 
meridian  passing  fifteen  miles  west  of  the  most  western  point  of 
Madison  Lake;  thence  north  along  said  meridian  to  the  latitude  of 
the  junction  of  the  Yellowstone  and  Gardiner's  Rivers;  thence  east 
to  the  place  of  beginning,  is  reserved  and  withdrawn  from  settle- 
ment, occupancy,  or  sale  under  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and 
dedicated  and  set  apart  as  a  public  park  or  pleasuring-ground  for 
the  benefit  and  enjoyment  of  the  people;  and  all  persons  who  locate, 
or  settle  upon,  or  occupy  any  part  of  the  land  thus  set  apart  as  a  pub- 
lic park,  except  as  provided  in  the  following  section,  shall  be  con- 
sidered   trespassers    and    removed    therefrom. 

Sec.  2.  Such  public  park  shall  be  under  the  exclusive  control 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  whose  duty  it  shall  be,  as  soon 
as  practicable,  to  make  and  publish  such  regulations  as  he  may 
deem  necessary  or  proper  for  the  care  and  management  of  the  same. 


94  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE  |: 

Such  regulations  shall  provide  for  the  preservation,  from  injury 
or  spoliation,  of  all  timber,  mineral  deposits,  natural  curiosities, 
or  wonders,  within  the  park,  and  their  retention  in  their  natural 
condition.  The  Secretary  may,  in  his  discretion,  grant  leases  for 
building  purposes,  for  terms  not  exceeding  ten  years,  of  small  par- 
cels of  ground,  at  such  places  in  the  park  as  may  require  the 
erection  of  buildings  for  the  accommodation  of  visitors;  all  of  the 
proceeds  of  such  leases,  and  all  other  revenues  that  may  be  derived 
from  any  source  connected  with  the  park,  to  be  expended  under 
his  direction  in  the  management  of  the  same,  and  the  construction 
of  roads  and  bridle  paths  therein.  He  shall  provide  against  the 
wanton  destruction  of  the  fish  and  game  found  within  the  park,  and 
against  their  capture  or  destruction  for  the  purposes  of  merchan- 
dise or  profit.  He  shall  also  cause  all  persons  trespassing  upon  the 
same  to  be  removed  therefrom,  and  generally  is  authorized  to  take 
all  such  measures  as  may  be  necessary  or  proper  to  fully  carry  out 
the   objects  and  purposes  of  this   section. 

1883— Act  of  March  3,  1883  {22  Stat.  L.,  626)— An  Act 
Making  appropriation  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-four,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

Provides  for  a  superintendent  and  ten  assistants  to  be  appointed 
by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  and  prescribes  their  duties ;  for 
the  construction  of  roads  and  bridges  under  the  direction  of  an 
engineer  officer  of  the  War  Department;  for  the  detailing  of  troops 
for  protection  by  the  Secretary  of  War  at  the  request  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior;  and  for  the  leasing,  by  the  Secretary,  under 
definite  restrictions,   of   small  tracts   for  hotel   purposes,  etc. 

1890 — Act  of  July  10,  1890  (26  Stat.  L.,  222) — An  Act  To 
provide  for  the  admission  of  the  State  of  Wyoming 
into  the  union,  and  for  other  purposes. 

Provides  that  nothing  contained  in  the  act  shall  be  construed  as 
terminating  complete  federal  control  and  jurisdiction  over  the  park. 

1894 — Act  of  May  7,  1894  (28  Stat.  L.,  73) — An  Act  To 
protect  the  birds  and  animals  in  Yellowstone  Na- 
tional Park,  and  to  punish  crimes  in  said  park 
and  for  other  purposes. 

The  act  provides  for  the  exclusive  jurisdiction  of  the  federal 
government  in  the  park  and  that  all  laws  applicable  to  places  under 


LAWS  95 

exclusive  federal  jurisdiction  shall  be  in  effect  there.  It  consti- 
tutes the  park  a  part  of  the  federal  district  of  Wyoming  and  pro- 
vides for  the  appointment  of  a  Commissioner  to  reside  in  the  park 
and  try  cases  therein,  and  of  deputy  marshals  for  the  service  of 
process,  etc.  It  also  provides  for  the  erection  of  a  buildinj^  to  con- 
tain a  jail  and  courtroom.  It  forbids  hunting  and  fishing,  or  the 
killing  of  any  animal  except  to  preserve  human  life  or  prevent 
injury;  authorizes  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  make  rules  and 
regulations  for  the  protection  of  the  game,  etc.,  and  prescribes 
penalties  for  violation  of  the  act  and  rules  made  under  it. 

1894 — Act  of  August  3,  1894  (28  Stat.  L.,  222) — An  Act 
Concerning  leases  in  the  Yellowstone  National  Park. 

Secretary  of  the  Interior  given  discretionary  authority  to  make 
leases  in  the  Park  under  certain  definite  restrictions  safeguarding 
the  natural  wonders  from  being  made  the  subjects  of  exclusive 
privilege.  So  much  of  the  act  of  March  3,  1883  as  conflicts  vvith 
the  present  act   is   repealed. 

1899 — Act  of  March  i,  1899  (30  Stat.  L.,  918) — An  Act  To 
provide  compensation  for  a  bridge  and  for  buildings 
and  other  improvements  constructed  by  certain  per- 
sons upon  public  lands  afterwards  set  apart  and  re- 
served as  the  Yellowstone  National  Park. 

1900 — Act  of  June  6,  1900  (31  Stat.  L.,  588,  625) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  one,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

That  road  extensions  and  improvements  shall  hereafter  be  made 
in  said  park  under  and  in  harmony  with  a  general  plan  of  roads 
and  improvements  to  be  approved  by  the  Chief  of  Engineers  of  the 
Army. 

1902 — Act  of  May  27,  1902  (32  Stat.  L.,  236) — An  Act  for 
the  allowance  of  certain  claims  for  stores  and  sup- 
plies reported  by  the  Court  of  Claims  under  the 
provisions  of  the  act  approved  March  3,  1883,  and 
commonly  known  as  the  Bowman  Act,  and  for 
other  purposes. 


96  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

Provides  for  the  payment  to  the  State  of  Wyoming  of  amounts 
paid  out  by  the  State  for  the  policing  of  the  park  during  1884,  1885 
and  1886. 

1903 — Act  of  March  3,  1903   (32  Stat.  L.,  1130) — An  Act    j 
Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the    Government    for   the   fiscal    year    ending   June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  four,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

Conditions  prescribed  under  which  private  parties  or  corpora- 
tions doing  business  in  Yellowstone  Park  may  obtain  electric  light 
and   power    from   the   government   plant. 

1906 — Act  of  June  4,  1906  (34  Stat.  L.,  207) — An  Act  To 
amend  an  act  approved  August  3,  1894,  entitled 
"An  Act  concerning  leases  in  the  Yellowstone  Na- 
tional Park." 

Increases  the  amount  of  land  which  may  be  leased  to  any  one 
person  or  company  from  a  possible  twenty  acres  to  a  possible  200 
acres;  and  permits  the  mortgaging  by  any  lessee  of  his  rights,  prop- 
erties and  franchises,  including  his  contract  with  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior  provided  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  be  first 
secured. 

1907 — Act  of  March  2,  1907  (34  Stat.  L.,  1219) — An  Act 
To  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  Act  to  amend  an  act  ap- 
proved August  3,  1894,  entitled  'An  Act  concerning 
leases  in  the  Yellowstone  'National  Park,' "  ap- 
proved June  4,  1906. 

Increases   leasing   period   from   ten   to  twenty  years. 

191 1 — Act  of  March  3,  191 1  (36  Stat.  L.,  1087,  1094, 
1 130) — An  Act  To  codify,  revise  and  amend  the 
laws  relating  to  the  judiciary. 

Sections  26  and  115  provide  for  jurisdiction  of  the  federal  court 
for  the  district  of  Wyoming  over  the  park;  define  the  district;  and 
provide  for  terms  of  court  and  appointment  of  deputy  marshals. 

1916 — Act  of  June  28,  1916  (39  Stat.  L.,  238) — An  Act  To 


LAWS 


97 


amend  "An  Act  to  protect  the  birds  and  animals 
in  Yellowstone  National  Park  and  to  punish  crimes 
in  said  park  and  for  other  purposes"  approved  May 
7,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-four. 

Under  the  old  act  the  penalties  for  violations  of  the  act  or  regu- 
lations made  under  it  v^^ere  a  fine  of  not  more  than  $i,ooo  or  im- 
prisonment not  exceeding  two  years,  or  both,  together  with  all  costs, 
thus  classifying  all  offenses  as  felonies  and  necessitating  trial  of 
all  offenders  by  indictment  in  the  regular  way. 

The  amendment  changed  these  to  $500  or  six  months,  or  both, 
plus  costs;  thus  obviating  the  necessity  for  commitments  for  trial 
and  enabling  the  park  authorities  to  dispose  of  cases  as  they  arose 
by   immediate  trial  before  the  park  commissioner. 

1917 — Executive  Order  of  April  16,  1917  (No.  2599), 

Temporarily  withdraws  certain  lands  in  Montana  north  of  the 
park  in  aid  of  legislation  to  secure  the  lands  as  a  game  preserve. 

1918 — Act  of  July  I,  1918  (40  Stat.  L.,  634,  678) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  nineteen,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

Hereafter  road  extensions  and  improvements  shall  be  made  in 
said  park  under  and  in  harmony  with  the  general  plan  of  roads 
and  improvements  to  be  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

1919 — Act  of  January  25,  1919  (40  Stat.  L.,  1152) — An  Act 
To  authorize  the  sale  of  certain ,  lands  at  or  near 
Yellowstone,  Mont.,   for  hotel  and  other  purposes. 

Authorizes  the  sale  of  eighty-eight  acres  of  land  in  Madison 
National  Forest  to  Oregon  Short  Line  Railroad  at  not  less  than 
$25  per  acre  for  use  for  hotel  purposes,  provided  any  hotel 
erected  on  tract  sold  be  operated  under  rules  prescribed  for  opera- 
tion of  hotels  in  Yellowstone  Park. 

1919 — Executive  Order  of  February  28,  1919  (No.  3053). 

Withdraws  temporarily  the  Teton-Jackson's  Hole  Area  south  of 
the  Yellowstone  in  aid  of  legislation  looking  to  the  creation  of 
the  proposed  greater  Yellowstone. 


98  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

192 1 — Executive  Order  of  Jan.  28,   192 1    (No.   3394). 

"Under  authority  of  the  act  of  Congress  approved  June  25,  1910 
(36  Stat.  L.,  847)  as  amended  by  the  act  of  August  24,  1912  (37 
Stat.  L.,  497)  the  following  described  lands  in  the  State  of  Wy- 
oming are  hereby  temporarily  withdrawn,  subject  to  the  conditions, 
provisions  and  limitations  of  said  acts  for  the  purpose  of  classify- 
ing said  lands,  and  pending  enactment  of  appropriate  legislation  for 
their  proper  disposition." 

This  order  covers  the  same  "Greater  Yellowstone"  area  covered 
by  Executive  Order  No.  3053,  supra;  but  because  it  is  not  made 
dependent  upon  any  specific  legislation  its  effect  is  to  withdraw 
the  territory  indefinitely. 

Yoseinite 

1864 — Act  of  June  30,  1864  (13  Stat.  L.,  325) — An  Act 
Authorizing  a  grant  to  the  State  of  CaHfornia  of  the 
"Yo-Semite  Valley"  and  of  the  land  embracing  the 
"Mariposa  Big  Tree  Grove." 

[Sec.  i].  That  there  ...  is  hereby  granted  to  the  State  of 
California  the  "cleft"  or  "gorge"  .  .  .  known  as  the  Yo-Semite 
Valley  .  .  .  with  the  stipulation,  nevertheless,  .  .  .  that  the  prem- 
ises  shall   be  held   for   public   use,   resort    and   recreation.  .  .  . 

Sec.  2.  That  there  shall  likewise  be,  and  there  is  hereby,  granted 
to  the  said  State  of  California  the  tracts  embracing  what  is  known 
as  the  "Mariposa  Big  Tree  Grove"  .  .  .  with  the  like  stipulation 
as  expressed  in  the  first  section  of  this  act.  .  .  . 

1890 — Act  of  October  i,  1890  (36  Stat.  L.,  650) — An  Act 
To  set  apart  certain  tracts  of  land  in  the  State  of 
California  as  forest  reservations. 

[Sec.  i].  That  the  tracts  of  land^  in  the  State  of  California 
.  .  .  are  hereby  ...  set  apart  as  reserved  forest  lands.  .  .  .  Pro- 
vided, however.  That  nothing  in  this  act  shall  be  construed  as  in 
anywise  affecting  the  grant  of  lands  made  to  the  State  of  Califor- 
nia by  virtue  of  the  act  entitled  "an  act  authorizing  a  grant  to  the 
state  of  California  of  the  'Yo-Semite  Valley'  and  of  the  land  em- 
bracing the  'Mariposa  Big  Tree  Grove.'  "... 

Sec.  2.  That  said  reservation  shall  be  under  the  exclusive  con- 
trol of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  ...  to 
make  .  .  .  rules  and  regulations  .  .  .  proper  for  the  care  and  man- 
agement of  the  same.  Such  regulations  shall  provide  for  the 
preservation  of   all  timber,  mineral  deposits,  natural   curiosities  or 

1  The  lands  included  in  this  grant  completely  surrounded  the  "cleft" 
or  "gorge"  referred  to  in  the  Act  of  June  30,  1864. 


LAWS  99 

wonders  within  said  reservation,  and  their  retention  in  their  natural 
condition.  .  .  .  He  shall  provide  'against  the  wanton  destruction  of 
the  fish  and  game  .  .  .  and  against  their  capture  or  destruction  for 
purposes  of  merchandise  or  profit.  .  ,  . 

1892 — Act  of  July  19,  1892  (27  Stat.  L.,  235) — An  Act 
Granting  to  the  county  of  Mariposa,  in  the  State  of 
California,  the  right  of  way  for  a  free  wagon  road 
or  turnpike  across  the  Yosemite  National  Park,  in 
said  State. 

Land  to  revert  to  the  United  States  if  road  he  ahandoned  or  cease 
to  be  free  of  toll. 

1900 — Act  of  June  6,  1900  (31  Stat.  L.,  588,  618) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  one,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

Authorizes  Secretary  of  War  upon  request  of  Secretary  of  the 
Interior  to  detail  troops  to  protect  the  Sequoia,  Yosemite,  and 
General  Grant  Parks. 

1901 — Act  of  February  15,  1901  (31  Stat.  L.,  790) — An  Act 
Relating  to  rights  of  way  through  certain  parks, 
reservations,  and  other  public  lands.  ^' 

Secretary  of  the  Interior  authorized  to  permit  and  regulate  use 
of  rights  of  way  over  public  lands,  forests,  and  other  reservations 
of  the  United  States,  and  the  Yosemite,  Sequoia,  and  General 
Grant  National  Parks  for  power,  telephone,  telegraph,  irrigation  and 
water  supply  lines  and  systems.  Grants  to  be  subject  to  certain 
provisions  and  to  be  revocable  at  discretion  of  Secretary. 

1904 — ^Act  of  April  28,  1904  (33  Stat.  L.,  457,  487) — An 
Act  Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses 
of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  five,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

1  Regulations  relating  to  grants  hereunder  and  under  28  Stat.  L.,  635, 
and  Sec.  i  of  30  Stat.  L.,  404  were  promulgated  by  Department  of  the 
Interior  July  8,  1901. 


lOO  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

Directs  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  ascertain  what  portions  o. 
Yosemite  are  not  necessary  for  park  purposes  and  to  select  locatioi| 
for  a  road. 

1905 — Act  of  February  7,  1905  (33  Stat.  L.,  702) — An  Ac. 
To  exclude  from  the  Yosemite  National  Park,  Cal-I 
ifomia,  certain  lands  therein  described,  and  to  at-tl 
tach  and  include  the  said  lands  in  the  Sierra  Foresti 
.Reserve. 

That  the  tracts  of  land  in  the  State  of  California  .  .  .  are( 
hereby  ...  set  apart  as  reserved  forest  lands.  .  .  .  Provided  that  thei 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  require  the  payment  of  such  price 
as  he  may  deem  proper  for  privileges  on  the  land  herein  segregated 
from  the  Yosemite  National  Park;  .  .  .  and  the  moneys  received 
from  the  privileges  accorded  .  .  .  shall  be  paid  into  the  Treasury 
...  to  be  expended,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary,  in  the 
management,  improvement  and  protection  of  the  forest  lands  herein 
set  aside  .  .  .  which  shall  hereafter  be  known  as  the  "Yosemite 
National  Park." 

1905 — Act  of  March  3,  1905,  of  the  California  Legislature. 

Receded  the  Yosemite  Valley  and  Mariposa  Big  Tree  Grove  to 
the  United  States;  recession  to  take  effect  from  and  after  accept- 
ance by  the  United  States. 

1905 — Act  of  March  3,  1905  (33  Stat.  L.,  1286) — Joint 
Resolution  Accepting  the  recession  by  the  State  of 
California  of  the  Yosemite  Valley  Grant  and  the 
Mariposa  Big  Tree  Grove  in  the  Yosemite  National 
Park. 

Despite  the  wording  of  the  above  title,  the  bill  as  passed  merely 
carried  an  appropriation  for  the  management,  etc.,  of  the  Yosemite 
National   Park   and   said  nothing   about   acceptance   of  a   recession. 

1906 — ^Joint  Resolution  of  June  11,  1906  (34  Stat.  L.,  831)  — 
Joint  Resolution  accepting  the  recession  by  the  State  of 
California  of  the  Yosemite  Valley  Grant  and  the 
Mariposa  Big  Tree  Grove,  and  including  the  same, 
together  with  fractional  sections  5  and  6,  township 
5  south,  range  22  east,  Mount  Diablo  meridian,  Cal- 
ifornia, within  the  metes  and  bounds  of  the  Yosemite 


LAWS  joi 

National  Park,  and  changing  the  boundaries  thereof. 

[Sec.  i].  That  the  recession  ...  is  hereby  ratified  and  accepted, 
and  the  tracts  .  .  .  are  set  apart  as  reserved  forest  lands  .  .  .  and 
ihall  hereafter   form  a  part  of   the   Yosemite   National   Park.  .  .  . 

^     SfC     ^      ^ 

Sec.   3.     That   all   revenues  .  .  .  shall  be  paid   into  the  Treasury 
''^S  .  .  .  to   be   expended  ...  in   the   management,   protection,   and   im- 
provement of  the  Yosemite  National  Park. 


at 


1910 — Act  of  June  25,  1910  (36  Stat,  L.,  703,  745) — An 
Act  Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses 
of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  eleven,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

$12,000  appropriated  to  enable  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  ex- 
amine data  to  be  submitted  by  San  Francisco  in  support  of  a  re- 
quest for  a  w^ater  supply  from  within  Yosemite  Park  and  to  collect 
data  independently. 

191 1 — Act  of  March  4,  191 1  (36  Stat.  L.,  1363,  1420) — An 
Act  Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses 
of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twelve,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

Reappropriates  any  unexpended  balance  of  appropriation  made 
under  Act  of  June  25,  1910,  to  enable  Secretary  to  continue  the 
work  during  fiscal  year  ending  1912. 

1912 — Act  of  April  9,  1912  (37  Stat.  L.,  80) — An  Act  To 
authorize  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  secure  for 
the  United  States  title  to  patented  lands  in  the  Yosem- 
ite National  Park,  and  for  other  purposes. 

Authorizes  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  exchange  matured 
timber  in  the  park  for  patented  lands  in  park  boundaries,  prescribes 
determination  of  values  of  lands  and  timber,  and  makes  regulations 
for  timber  cutting  and  removal.  The  sale  outright  of  matured  tim- 
ber is  also  permitted. 

1912— Act  of  August  24,  1912  (37  Stat.  L.,  417,  460)— An 


I02  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

Act  Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expense 
of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  Jun 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  thirteen,  and  fo 
other  purposes. 

Reappropriates  any  unexpended  balance  of  reappropriation  madi';  i 
under  act  of  March  4,  191 1  to  carry  work  down  to  June  30,  1913' 

i 

1913 — Act  of  June  23,  1913  (38  Stat.  L.,  41,  49) — An  Ac 
Making  appropriation  for  sundry  civil  expenses  oi 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  fourteen.  j 

Authorizes  grant  of  lease  by  Secretary  of  Interior  for  construc- 
tion, etc.,  of  an  hotel  and  other  buildings  in  accordance  with  pro- 
visions of  the  act  of  June  4,  1906,  as  amended  by  the  act  of  March 
2,  1907.  Repeals  any  part  of  Sec.  2  of  the  act  of  October  i,  1890 
concerning  the  Yosemite  in  conflict  with  grant. 

1913 — Act  of  December  19,  1913  (38  Stat.  L.,  242) — An 
Act  Granting  to  the  City  and  County  of  San  Fran- 
cisco certain  rights  of  way  in,  over  and  through  cer- 
tain public  lands,  the  Yosemite  National  Park,  and: 
Stanislaus  National  Forest,  and  certain  lands  in  the 
Yosemite  National  Park,  the  Stanislaus  National 
Forest,  and  the  public  lands  in  the  State  of  Califor- 
nia, and  for  other  purposes. 

Grants  all  necessary  rights  of  way  in,  over  and  through  the 
Yosemite  National  Park;  together  with  such  lands  in  the  Hetch 
Hetchy  Valley  and  Lake  Eleanor  Basin  within  the  Yosemite 
National  Park  as  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  deem  to  be  neces- 
sary for  reservoirs,  such  lands  as  he  may  deem  necessary  for  power 
houses,  etc.,  and  the  right  to  remove  stone,  gravel,  etc.,  from  the 
park  necessary  in  the  construction  of  water  power  and  electric 
plants,   etc. 

1914 — Act  of  April  16,  1914  (38  Stat.  L.,  345) — An  Act  To 
amend  section  one  of  an  act  of  Congress  approved 
April  ninth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twelve  (thirty- 
seventh  statutes,  page  eighty)  entitled  "An  Act  To 


LAWS  103 

authorize  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  secure  for 
the  United  States  title  to  patented  lands  in  the  Yosem- 
ite  National  Park,  and  for  other  purposes." 

Empowers    the    Secretaries    of    the    Interior    and    of    Agriculture 

obtain   for  the  United   States  title  to  patented  lands  within  the 

irk    by    exchanging    therefor   timber    or   timber    and    lands    within 

le  park   and  within  the   adjoining   Sierra   and   Stanislaus   National 

ijorests ;   also   to   obtain   title   in   similar   manner  to   patented   lands 

M  exceeding  640  acres,  in  said  forests,   which  lands  when  so  ac- 

oiiired  shall   become   part   of   the   Yosemite    National   Park   and  be 

tjjiibject  to  provisions  of  act  of  October  i,  1890   (26  Stat.  L.,  650). 

1914 — Act  of  May  13,  1914  (38  Stat.  L.,  376) — An  Act  To 
,.|  consolidate  certain  forest  lands  in  the  Sierra  National 

Forest  and  Yosemite  National   Park,   California. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  authorized  to  exchange  lands 
nug  in  the  Sierra  National  Forest  for  privately  owned  lands  lying 
3.  the  Forest  and  in  the  Park;  lands  thus  acquired  lying  in  the 
orest  to  go  to  the  Forest  and  those  lying  in  the  Park  to  go  to  the 
ark. 

914 — Act  of  July  23,  1914  (38  Stat.  L.,  554) — An  Act  To 
amend  an  act  approved  October  i,  1890,  entitled 
"An  Act  to  set  apart  certain  tracts  of  land  in  the 
State  of  California  as  forest  reservations." 

For  hotel  purposes,  etc.,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  author- 
zed  to  grant  leases  for  not  to  exceed  twenty  years  on  tracts  not 
o  exceed  twenty  acres  in  extent,  not  more  than  ten  such  tracts  to 
e  leased  to  any  one  person  or  corporation.  Provision  is  also 
nade  for  appraisement  at  termination  of  lease  and  for  mortgag- 
ng  of  lessee's   rights  if  desired. 

[916 — Act  of  July  I,  1916  (39  Stat.  L.,  262,  308) — An  Act 
Making  appropriation  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  seventeen,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

I  Authorization  to  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  accept  patented  lands 
and  rights  of  way  over  same  or  over  other  lands  in  Yosemite  Park 
donated   for  park  purposes. 


I04  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

19 1 8 — Executive  Order  of  July  8,  19 18  (No.  2906). 

Withdraws  temporarily  the  area  adjacent  to  Yosemite  Park  i 
aid  of  pending  legislation  proposing  the  creation  of  a  greater  par 
to  be  called  Roosevelt  Park. 

1920 — Act  of  June  2,  1920  (41  Stat.  L.,  731) — An  Act  T 
accept  the  cession  by  the  State  of  California  of  ex 
elusive  jurisdiction  of  the  lands  embraced  within  thi 
Yosemite  National  Park,  Sequoia  National  Parb 
and  General  Grant  National  Park,  respectively,  am 
for  other  purposes. 

Accepts  cession  of  California's  Legislature  (Act  of  April  15 
1919).  Taxing  and  process  rights  reserved  to  State.  Assign: 
Yosemite  to  northern  California  federal  judicial  district;  Sequoi; 
and  General  Grant  to  southern.  Provides  that  offenses  not  pro- 
hibited by  federal  laws  be  punished  by  state  laws.  Prohibits  hunt 
ing,  fishing,  spoliation  and  vandalism  and  provides  penalties.  Regu 
lations  to  be  prescribed  by  Secretary  of  Interior.  Provides  foi 
commissioners,  defines  their  powers  and  outlines  procedure.  This 
act  is  noteworthy  in  that  it  amends  the  National  Park  Service  Ad 
(39  Stat.  L.,  535)  by  changing,  in  Section  3  of  said  act,  the  punish-; 
ment  for  violations  of  rules  and  regulations. 

1 92 1 — Executive  Order  of  Jan.  28,  1921   (No.  3395). 

See  Executive  Order  No.  3394,  under  the  Yellowstone  Park,  supra. 
No-  3395  ma-kes  what  amounts  to  an  indefinite  withdrawal  of  the 
greater  Yosemite  or  Roosevelt  area  (See  Executive  Order  No. 
2906)  in  the  same  terms  employed  in  No.  3394 

Sequoia 

1890 — Act  of  September  25,  1890  (26  Stat.  L.,  478) — An 
Act  To  set  apart  a  certain  tract  of  land  in  the  State 
of  California  as  a  public  park. 

[Sec.  i].  That  the  tract '^  of  land  in  the  State  of  California 
...  is  hereby  ...  set  apart  as  a  public  park,  or  pleasure  ground, 
for  the  benefit  and  enjoyment  of  the  people.  .  .  . 

Sec.  2.  That  said  public  park  shall  be  under  the  exclusive  con- 
trol of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  .  .  . 
to  make  rules  and  regulations  .  .  .  for  the  care  and  management 
of  the   same.     Such  regulations  shall  provide   for  the  preservation 

1  This  act  covers  part  of  Sequoia :  the  remainder  is  reserved  by  Section 
3  of  the  Act  of  October  i,  1890  (26  Stat.  L.,  650). 


LAWS 


Jf05 


from  injury  of  all  timber,  mineral  deposits,  natural  curiosities  or 
ivonders  within  said  park,  and  their  retention  in  their  natural  con- 
i  iition.  .  .  ,  He  shall  provide  against  the  wanton  destruction  of  fish 
md  game  and  against  their  capture  or  destruction  for  purposes  of 
nerchandise   or  profit.  .  .  . 


1890 — Act  of  October  i,  1890  (26  Stat.  L.,  650) — An  Act 
To  set  apart  certain  tracts  of  land  in  the  State  of 
California  as  forest  reservations. 


See  this  same  act  under  Yosemite,  to  which  park  the  first  two 
sections  thereof  relate.  The  third  section  sets  aside  as  part  of 
Sequoia  Park  the  following:  Twps.  15  and  16  S.,  Rs  29  and  30  E., 
Mount  Diablo  base  and  meridian,  and  all  of  Twp.  17  S.,  R.  30  E., 
with  the  exception  of  Sects.  31  to  34  inclusive,  the  lands  forming 
the  remainder  of  the  park  being  reserved  by  the  act  of  September 
25,  1890  (26  Stat.  L.,  478)  supra,  which  see. 

1900 — Act  of  June  6,  1900  (31  Stat.  L.,  618) — An  Act  Mak- 
ing appropriation  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the 
Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth, 
nineteen  hundred  and  one,  and  for  other  purposes. 

See  same  act  under  Yosemite. 

1901 — ^Act  of  February  15,  1901  (31  Stat.  L.,  790) — An  Act 
Relating  to  rights  of  way  through  certain  parks, 
reservations  and  other  public  lands. 

See  same  act  under  Yosemite. 

1914 — Act  of  August  I,  1914  (38  Stat.  L.,  609,  649) — An 
Act  Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  fifteen,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

Authorizes  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  accept  rights  of  way 
over  patented  lands  within   Sequoia   Park. 

19 1 6— Act  of  July  I,  19 1 6  (39  Stat.  L.,  262,  308) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the   Government   for   the   fiscal   year   ending   June 


io6  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  seventeen,  and  foi 
other  purposes. 

Authorization  to  accept  gifts  of  patented  lands  or  rights  of  waj 
over  same  or  over  other  lands  in  Sequoia  Park  given  to  Secre 
tary  of  the  Interior. 

1920 — Act  of  June  2,  1920  (41  Stat.  L.,  731) — An  Act  Tc 
accept  the  cession  by  the  State  of  Cahfornia  of  ex- 
elusive  jurisdiction  of  the  lands  embraced  within  the) 
Yosemite  National  Park,  Sequoia  National  Park  anc 
General  Grant  National  Park,  respectively,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

See   same  act  under  Yosemite. 

General  Grant 

1890 — Act  of  October  i,  1890  (26  Stat.  L.,  650) — An  Act  To 
set  apart  certain  tracts  of  land  in  the  State  of  Cal- 
ifornia as   forest  reservations. 

I 
See  this  same  act  under  Yosemite,  to  w^hich  park  the  first  twcii 
sections  of  the  act  relate.  The  third  section  sets  aside  a  portioni 
of  Sequoia  Park  and  the  following  tracts  for  General  Grant  Park: 
Sects.  5  and  '6,  Twp.  14  S.,  R.  28  E.,  and  Sects.  31  and  32,  Twp.i 
13  S.,  R.  28  E.,  Mount  Diablo  base  and  meridian.  The  reserva- 
tion is  made  under  the  same  limitations,  restrictions  and  provisions' 
that  apply  to  Sequoia  and  Yosemite. 

1900 — Act  of  June  6,  1900  (31  Stat.  L.,  588,  618) — An  Act 
Making  appropriation  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of]l 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  Jum 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  one,  and  for  other'' 
purposes. 

See   same  act  under  Yosemite. 

1901 — Act  of  February  15,  1901  (31  Stat.  L.,  790) — An  Act]* 
Relating  to   rights   of   way   through   certain   parks, 
reservations  and  other  public  lands. 

See  same  act  under  Yosemite. 


LAWS  107 

1920 — Act  of  June  2,  1920  (41  Stat.  L.,  731) — An  Act  To 
accept  the  cession  by  the  State  of  CaHfornia  of  ex- 
clusive jurisdiction  of  the  lands  embraced  within  the 
Yosemite  National  Park,  Sequoia  National  Park, 
and  General  Grant  National  Park,  respectively,  and 
for  other  purposes. 
See  same  act  under  Yosemite. 

Mount  Rainier 

1899 — Act  of  March  2,  1899  (30  Stat.  L.,  993) — An  Act  To 
set  aside  a  portion  of  certain  lands  in  the  State  of 
Washington  now  known  as  the  "Pacific  Forest  Re- 
serve," as  a  public  park,  to  be  known  as  the  "Mount 
.Rainier  National  Park." 

[Sec.  i].  That  all  those  certain  tracts  ...  in  the  State  of  Wash- 
ington .  .  .  are  hereby  ...  set  aside  as  a  pubHc  park  to  be  known 
and  designated  as  the  "Mount  Rainier  National  Park." 

Sec.  2.  That  said  public  park  shall  be  under  the  exclusive  con- 
trol of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  make 
and  publish,  as  soon  as  practicable,  such  rules  and  regulations  as  he 
may  deem  necessary  or  proper  for  the  care  and  management  of 
the  same.  Such  regulations  shall  provide  for  the  preservation  from 
injury  or  spoliation  of  all  timber,  mineral  deposits,  natural  curiosi- 
ties, or  wonders  within  said  park  and  their  retention  in  their 
natural  condition.  .  .  .  He  shall  provide  against  the  wanton  de- 
struction of  the  fish  and  game  found  within  said  park,  and  against 
their  capture  or  destruction  for  purposes  of  merchandise  or  profit. 

^      ^      ^      5ji 

Sec.  5.  That  the  mineral  land  laws  of  the  United  States  are 
hereby  extended  to  the  lands  lying  within  the  said  reserve  and  said 
park.  ^ 

The  act  also  provides  for  the  granting  of  leases,  etc.,  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior,  and  stipulates  that  all  revenue  derived 
from  the  park  shall  be  expended  on  its  improvement.  It  also 
authorizes  the  Secretary  to  grant  rights  of  way  at  his  discretion. 

Settlers  in  the  park  and  railroads  owning  lands  therein  are  given 
lieu  land  selection  privileges. 

1908 — Act  of  May  27,  1908  (35  Stat.  L.,  365) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the   Government    for  thq   fiscal   year   ending   June 

1  Further  location  prohibited  by  Act  of  May  27,  1908  (35  Stat.  L.,  365). 


loS  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE  'i 

thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  nine,  and  for  other 
purposes,  a 

Prohibits  location  of  further  mining  claims  in  Mt.  Rainier  Park, 
but  provides  that  claims  theretofore  acquired  in  good  faith  under 
mineral  laws  shall  not  be  affected. 

1916 — Act  of  June  30,  19 16  (39  Stat.  L.,  243) — An  Act  To 
accept  the  cession  by  the  State  of  Washington  of  ex- 
clusive jurisdiction  over  the  lands  embraced  within 
the  Mount   Rainier  National  Park,   and   for  other  • 
purposes.  ; 

Accepts,  cession  in  usual  terms  (Act  of  Washington  Legislature 
March  16,  1901)  reserving  process  and  taxing  rights  to  State. 
Placed  in  western  Washington  federal  judicial  district.  Washing- 
ton laws  to  control  where  there  is  no  federal  prohibition  of  an 
offense.  Prohibition  of  hunting,  fishing,  spoliation  and  vandalism, 
and  penalties  prescribed.  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  make  Regu- 
lations. Commissioner  provided  for  and  powers  defined.  Proced- 
ure outlined. 

1917 — Act  of  June  12,  1917  (40  Stat.  L.,  105,  152) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  eighteen,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

Authorizes  acceptance  by  Secretary  of  the  Interior  of  patented 
lands  or  rights  of  way  over  same  in  Mount  Rainier  Park  donated  for 
park  purposes.  Similar  authorization  in  same  act  covering  Rocky 
Mountain,  Mesa  Verde,  and  Crater  Lake  Parks. 

Crater  Lake 

1902 — Act  of  May  22,  1902  (32  Stat.  L.,  202) — An  Act 
Reserving  from  the  public  lands  in  the  State  of 
Oregon,  as  a  public  park  for  the  benefit  of  the  people 
of  the  United  States,  and  for  the  protection  and 
preservation  of  the  game,  fish,  timber,  and  all  other 
natural  objects  therein,  a  tract  of  land  herein  de- 
scribed, and  so  forth. 


LAWS  109 

[Sec.  i].  That  the  tract  of  land  ...  in  the  State  of  Oregon,  and 
inckiding  Crater  Lake  is  hereby  ...  set  apart  forever  as  a  pubHc 
park  or  pleasure  ground  for  the  benefit  of  the  people  of  the  United 
States,  to  be  known  as  "Crater  Lake  National  Park." 

Sec.  2.  That  the  reservation  established  by  this  act  shall  be 
under  the  control  and  custody  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  whose 
duty  it  shall  be  to  establish  rules  and  regulations  and  cause  ade- 
quate measures  to  be  taken  for  the  preservation  of  the  natural  ob- 
jects within  said  park,  and  also  for  the  protection  of  the  timber 
from  wanton  depredation,  the  preservation  of  all  kinds  of  game  and 
fish,  the  punishment  of  trespassers,  the  removal  of  unlawful  oc- 
cupants and  intruders,  and  the  prevention  and  extinguishment  of 
forest  fires. 

The  act  further  forbids  all  residence  and  settlement  and  the  en- 
gaging in  business  or  speculative  enterprises ;  with  the  proviso  that 
the  park  shall  be  open  to  "scientists,  excursionists  and  pleasure 
seekers,"  and  to  the  locating  and  working  of  mining  claims ;  and 
with  the  further  proviso  that  restaurant  and  hotel  keepers  may 
operate  in  the  park  at  the  discretion  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 
The  act  also  prescribes  penalties  for  its  violation  or  the  violation  of 
rules  made  under  it. 

1916 — Act  of  August  21,  1916  (39  Stat.  L.,  521) — An  Act 
To  accept  the  cession  by  the  State  of  Oregon  of  ex- 
clusive jurisdiction  over  the  lands  embraced  within 
the  Crater  Lake  National  Park,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses. 

Accepts  cession  of  sole  jurisdiction  to  the  United  States  (reserv- 
ing process  and  taxing  rights  to  State).  Places  park  in  the  Oregon 
federal  judicial  district.  Prohibits  hunting,  fishing,  spoliation  and 
vandalism  and  provides  penalties  for  violations  of  regulations.  Pro- 
vides for  appointment  of  a  United  States  Commissioner,  defines  his 
powers,  and  outlines  procedure. 

1917 — Act  of  June  12,  1917  (40  Stat.  L.,  105,  152) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  eighteen,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

See  same  act  under  Mount  Rainier. 

Wind  Cave 

1903 — Act  of  January  9,  1903  (32  Stat.  L.,  765) — An  Act 
To  set  apart  certain  •  lands  in  the  State  of  South 


no  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

Dakota  as  a  public  park  to  be  known  as  the  "Wimj 
Cave  National  Park." 


Sec.  2.     That  said  park  shall  be  known  as  the  "Wind  Cave  Na-J 
tional  Park"  and  shall  be  under  the  exclusive  control  of  the  Secre-f 
tary  of  the  Interior,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  prescribe  such  rulej 
and  regulations  and  establish  such  service  as  he  may  deem  necessary] 
for  the  care  and  management  of  the  same. 

The  act  also  authorizes  the  granting  of  leases  by  the  Secretary,vl 
prescribes  punishment   for  offenses,   provides   for  the  protection  of 
preexisting  land  rights  and  stipulates   that  all   funds  derived   from] 
rentals,  etc.,  shall  be  used  in  the  care  of  the  park. 

191 2 — Act  of  August  10,  19 1 2  (37  Stat.  L.,  269,  293) — An 
Act  Making  appropriations  for  the  Department  of: 
Agriculture  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth, , 
nineteen  hundred  and  thirteen,  and  for  other  pur-- 
poses. 

*  *  *  * 

For  the  establishment  of  a  national  game  preserve  .  .  .  within 
the  .  .  .  Wind    Cave   National   Park  .  .  .  etc.;   $26,000. 

1920 — Executive  Order  of  July  14,  1920  (No.  3308). 

Makes  temporary  withdrawal  under  authority  of  the  Act  of  June 
25,  1910,  as  amended  by  the  Act  of  August  24,  1912,  in  order  to  pro- 
tect water  supply  of  Wind  Cave  Park  and  the  bison  range  therein. 

Piatt 

1902 — Act  of  July  I,  1902  (32  Stat.  L.,  641,  655) — An  Act 
To  ratify  and  confirm  an  agreement  with  the  Choc- 
taw and  Chickasaw  tribes  of  Indians,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

By  a  clause  in  the  agreement  the  two  tribes  ceded  to  the  United 
States  the  tract  near  the  village  of  Sulphur,  in  the  Chickasaw  Nation 
containing  the  mineral  springs,  the  whole  aggregating  in  area  about 
640  acres.  The  act  charges  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  with  the 
making  of  rules  for  the  regulation  and  control  of  the  use  of  the 
waters. 

1904 — Act  of  April  21,  1904  (33  Stat.  L.,  189,  220) — An 
Act  Making  appropriations  for  the  current  and  con- 


LAWS 


III 


tingent  expenses  of  the  Indian  Department  and  for 
fulfilling  treaty  stipulations  with  various  Indian 
tribes  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nine- 
teen hundred  and  five,  and  for  other  purposes. 

Authorization  to  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  add  to  the  original 
Piatt  reservation  Act  of  July  i,  1902,  some  two  hundred  acres  lying 
adjacent  thereto;  and  to  place  a  representative  on  the  land  to  enforce 
rules  and  regulations  for  the  control  and  use  thereof  and  of  the  waters 
of  the  springs  and  creeks. 

1906 — Act  of  June  16,  1906  (34  Stat.  L.,  267) — An  Act  To 
enable  the  people  of  Oklahoma  and  of  the  Indian 
Territory  to  form  a  Constitution  and  State  gov- 
ernment, etc. 

Retains  (Sects.  3,  7  and  13),  national  jurisdiction  over  the  Sulphur 
Springs  Reservation  reserving  to  the  state  thereafter  to  be  created 
the  right  of  process. 

1906 — Joint  Resolution  of  June  29,  1906  (34  Stat.  L.,  837) — 
Joint  Resolution  directing  that  the  Sulphur  Springs 
Reservation  be  named  and  hereafter  called  the  "Piatt 
National  Park." 

Secretary  of  the  Interior  authorized  to  make  the  change  in  name 
in  honor  of  Orville  Hitchcock  Piatt,  for  many  years  a  member  of 
the  Senate  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

Sully  s  Hill 

1904 — Act  of  April  27,  1904  {^T)  Stat.  L.,  323) — An  Act  To 
modify  and  amend  an  agreement  with  the  Indians 
of  the  Devil's  Lake  Reservation,  in  North  Dakota, 
to  accept  and  ratify  the  same  as  amended,  and  mak- 
ing appropriation  and  provision  to  carry  the  same 
into  effect. 

The  President  is  also  authorized  to  reserve  a  tract  embracing 
Sullys  Hill,  in  the  northeastern  portion  of  the  abandoned  military 
reservation,  about  nine  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  as  a  public 
park. 


112  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

1904 — Presidential  Proclamation  of  June  2,  1904.  No.  32 
(33  Stat.  L.,  2370). 

The  proclamation,  in  pursuance  of  the  authority  granted  in  the 
Act  of  April  27,  1904,  throws  open  the  Devils  Lake  Indian  Reserva- 
tion to  settlement,  reserving  certain  lands  for  various  purposes, 
among  them  the  following: 

"Lots  4,  5,  6  and  7  of  Sect.  10,  the  NW>4,  the  W>^  of  the  SW^, 
and  lots  5  and  6  of  Sect.  15,  lots  i  and  2  of  Sect.  9,  the  E^^  of  the 
NE^,  the  SE14  of  the  SE14  and  lots  3,  4  and  5  of  Sect.  16,  T  152 
N.,  R  65  W.,  of  the  fifth  principal  meridian,  which  are  hereby  re- 
served for  public  use  as  a  park  to  be  known  as  SuUys  Hill  Park." 

1914 — Act  of  June  30,  1914  (38  Stat.  L.,  415,  434) — An 
Act  Making  appropriations  for  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth, 
nineteen  hundred  and  fifteen. 

Authorizes  establishment  of  a  game  preserve  in  Sujlys  Hill  Park. 
Mesa  Verde 

1906 — Act  of  June  29,  1906  (34  Stat.  L.,  616) — An  Act 
Creating  the  Mesa  Verde  National  Park, 

[Sec.  i].  That  there  is  hereby  ...  set  aside  as  a  public  reserva- 
tion all  those  certain  tracts  ...  in  the  State  of  Colorado.  .  .  . 

Sec.  2.  That  said  public  park  shall  be  known  as  the  Mesa  Verde 
National  Park,  and  shall  be  under  the  exclusive  control  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  prescribe  such  rules 
and  regulations  and  establish  such  service  as  he  may  deem  necessary 
for  the  care  and  management  of  the  same.  Such  regulations  shall 
provide  specifically  for  the  preservation  from  injury  or  spoliation  of 
the  ruins  and  other  works  and  relics  of  prehistoric  or  primitive  man 
within  said  park. 

The  act  further  provides  that  the  Secretary  may  permit  excavat- 
ing, etc.,  by  properly  qualified  persons  for  the  benefit  of  some  reput- 
able museum  or  educational  institution  with  a  view  to  promoting 
archaeological  science. 

The  act  also  provides  for  the  punishment  of  persons  destroying  or 
molesting  the  ruins ;  and  stipulates  that  all  ruins  situated  within  five 
miles  of  the  park  boundaries,  tinless  on  land  regularly  alienated,  shall 
be  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  superintendent.  This  last  provision 
was  repealed  by  the  act  of  June  30,  1913  (38  Stat.  L.,  84). 

1910 — Act  of  June  25,  1910  (36  Stat.  L.,  774,  796) — An 
Act  Making  appropriations  to  supply  deficiencies  in 


LAWS  113 

appropriations  for  the  fiscal  year  19 10,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

Permits  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  grant  leases,  etc.,  in  Mesa 
Verde  Park,  provided  land  including  'ruins  be  not  leased  and  public 
not  denied  free  access  thereto. 

19 1 3 — Act  of  June  30,  19 13  (38  Stat.  L.,  yy,  82) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  for  the  current  and  contin- 
gent expenses  of  the  Bureau  of  Indian  Affairs  for  ful- 
filhng  treaty  stipulations  with  various  Indian  tribes 
and  for  other  purposes,  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  fourteen. 

An  agreement  of  May  10,  191 1  made  at  Navajo  Springs  agency, 
Colorado,  w^ith  a  portion  of  the  Ute  Indian  tribe  amended  and  con- 
firmed. It  provided  for  an  exchange  of  Indian  lands  for  certain  lands 
within  the  park — the  Indian  lands  to  become  park  lands  and  the 
park  lands  to  become  part  of  the  Indians'  reservation.  So  much  of 
the  Act  of  June  29,  1906  (34  Stat.  L.,  617)  as  extends  jurisdiction  of 
Secretary  of  Interior  five  miles  from  park  borders  repealed. 

1917 — Act  of  June  12,  1917  (40  Stat.  L.,  105,  152) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  eighteen,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

See  same  act  under  Mount  Rainier. 

Glacier 

1910 — Act  of  May  11,  1910  (36  Stat.  L.,  354) — An  Act  To 
establish  "The  Glacier  National  Park"  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains  South  of  the  International  Boundary 
Line,  in  the  State  of  Montana,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses. 

[Sec.  i].  That  the  tract  of  land  in  the  State  of  Montana  ...  is 
hereby  ...  set  apart  as  a  public  park  or  pleasure  ground  for  .  .  . 
the  people  of  the  United  States  under  the  name  of  "The  Glacier 
National  Park." 


114  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

Sec.  2.  That  said  park  shall  be  under  the  executive  control  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior,  whose  duty  it  shall  be,  as  soon  as  prac- 
ticable, to  make  and  publish  such  rules  and  regulations  not  incon- 
sistent with  the  laws  of  the  United  States  as  he  may  deem  neces- 
sary or  proper  for  the  care,  protection,  management,  and  improve- 
ment of  the  same,  which  regulations  shall  provide  for  the  preserva- 
tion of  the  park  in  a  state  of  nature  so  far  as  is  consistent  with  the 
purposes  of  this  act,  and  for  the  care  and  protection  of  the  fish  and 
game  within  the  boundaries  thereof. 

Further,  the  act  safeguards  preexisting  land  rights;  permits  the 
acquisition  of  rights  of  way  and  the  utilization  of  park  areas  by  the 
United  States  Reclamation  Service ;  authorizes  the  Secretary  to  make 
leases  and  sell  matured  timber;  and  denies  to  railroads  or  other  cor- 
porations owning  land  within  the  park  the  right  to  use  such  owner- 
ship as  a  basis  for  indemnity  selection  in  any  State  or  Territory. 

191 1 — Act  of  March  4,  191 1  (36  Stat.  L.,  1363,  1421) — An 
Act  Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses 
of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twelve,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

Permits  expenditure  of  park  revenues  for  park  administration  and 
improvement. 

191 2 — Act  of  February  10,  1912  (37  Stat.  L.,  64) — An  Act 
To  authorize  the  sale  of  land  within  or  near  the  town 
of  Midvale,  Montana,  for  hotel  purposes. 

Authorizes  sale  of  not  to  exceed  160  acres  at  not  less  than  $25 
per  acre,  any  hotel  erected  thereon  to  be  operated  under  rules  pre- 
scribed by  Secretary  of  Interior  for  operation  of  hotels  in  Glacier 
Park.  Withdrawal  of  not  to  exceed  five  acres  in  town  of  Midvale  for 
use  in  administrative  purposes  of  Glacier  National  Park  also  author- 
ized. 

1914 — Act  of  August  I,  1914  (38  Stat.  L.,  609,  649) — An 
Act  Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses 
of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  fifteen,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

Authorization  for  acceptance  of  rights  of  way  over  patented  lands 
in  Glacier  Park.  This  authorization  is  repeated  in  38  Stat.  L.,  863, 
the  Sundry  Civil  Act  of  March  3,  1915  for  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,  19 1 6. 


LAWS 


115 


1914 — Act  of  August  22,  1914  (38  Stat.  L.,  699) — An  Act 
To  accept  the  cession  by  the  State  of  Montana  of 
exclusive  jurisdiction  over  the  lands  embraced  within 
the  Glacier  National  Park,  and  for  other  purposes. 

The  act  accepts  jurisdiction,  reserving  to  the  State  rights  of  pro- 
cess and  taxation,  and  placing  the  park  in  the  federal  district  for 
Montana.  It  makes  prohibitions  regarding  hunting,  fishing,  spoHa- 
tion,  etc.,  and  prescribes  penalties.  Provision  is  made  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  Commissioner,  and  his  powers,  etc.,  are  outlined. 

191 5 — Act  of  February  2^/,  191 5  (38  Stat.  L.,  814) — An  Act 
To  authorize  the  Great  Northern  Railway  Company 
to  revise  the  location  of  its  right  of  way,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

Grant  made  subject  to  limitations  contained  in  act  of  March  3, 
1875  (18  Stat.  L.,  482)  as  amended  by  act  of  March  3,  1899  (30  Stat. 
L.,  1233). 

1916 — Act  of  July  I,  1916  (39  Stat.  L.,  262,  308) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  seventeen,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

Authorization  to  Secretary  of  Interior  to  accept  patented  lands  or 
rights  over  same  located  in  Glacier  Park  that  may  be  donated  for 
park  purposes. 

1916 — Act  of  July  3,  1916  (39  Stat.  L.,  342) — An  Act  For 
the  relief  of  certain  homestead  entrymen  for  land 
within  the  limits  of  the  Glacier  National  Park. 

Entries  of  certain  homesteaders  excepted  from  force  of  act  creating 
park,  v^ith  proviso  for  reversion  to  park  in  case  of  non-perfection. 

1917 — Act  of  March  2,  1917  (39  Stat.  L.,  916) — An  Act  To 
authorize  the  sale  of  certain  lands  at  or  near  Belton, 
Montana,  for  hotel  purposes. 

Sale  of  portion  of  a  half  of  a  quarter  section  at  not  less  than  $25 


Ii6  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

per  acre  to  Glacier  Park  Hotel  Co.  authorized,  provided  any  hotel 
erected  on  land  sold  be  operated  under  rules  prescribed  for  hotels 
within  Glacier  Park. 

1917 — Act  of  March  3,  1917  (39  Stat.  L.,  1122) — An  Act 
To  authorize  an  exchange  of  lands  with  owners  of 
private  holdings  within  the  Glacier  National  Park, 

Authorizes  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  exchange  for  privately 
held  lands  within  the  park  boundaries  matured  timber  of  an  equal 
value  on  park  lands,  that  can  be  removed  without  injury  to  the  park; 
or,  with  the  assent  of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  timber  from 
the  adjoining  national  forest. 

1917 — Act  of  June  12,  1917  (40  Stat.  L.,  105,  151) — An 
Act  Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses 
of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  eighteen,  and  for 
other  purposes.  ,; 

Authorizes  acceptance  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  of  donations 
for  park  purposes  of  "buildings,  money  and  other  property  which 
may  be  useful  in  the  betterment  of  the  administration  and  affairs 
of  the  Glacier  National  Park  under  his  supervision." 

Rocky  Mountain 

1915 — Act  of  January  26,  1915  (38  Stat.  L.,  798) — An  Act 
To  establish  the  Rocky  Mountain  National  Park  in 
the  State  of  Colorado,  and  for  other  purposes. 

[Sec.  i].  That  the  tract  of  land  in  the  State  of  Colorado  ...  is 
hereby  reserved  and  withdrawn  from  settlement,  occupancy,  or  dis- 
posal under  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  said  tract  is  dedicated 
and  set  apart  as  a  public  park  for  the  benefit  and  enjoyment  of  the 
people  of  the  United  States,  under  the  name  of  the  Rocky  Mountain 
National  Park :  Provided,  That  the  United  States  Reclamation  Service 
may  enter  upon  and  utilize  for  flowage  or  other  purposes  any  area 
within  said  park  which  may  be  necessary  for  the  development  and 
maintenance  of  a  Government  reclamation  project. 
*  *  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  the  said  park  shall  be  under  the  executive  control 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  said 
executive  authority,  as  soon  as  practicable,  to  make  and  publish  such 
reasonable  rules  and  regulations,  not  inconsistent  with  the  laws  of 


LAWS  117 

the  United  States,  as  the  said  authority  may  deem  necessary  or 
proper  for  the  care,  protection,  management,  and  improvement  of 
the  same,  the  said  regulations  l)cing  primarily  aimed  at  the  freest 
use  of  the  said  park  for  recreation  purposes  by  the  i)ul)lic  and  the 
preservation  of  the  natural  conditions  and  scenic  beauties  thereof. 
The  said  authority  may,  in  his  discretion,  execute  leases  to  parcels 
of  ground  not  exceeding  twenty  acres  in  extent  in  any  one  place 
to  any  person  or  company  for  not  to  exceed  twenty  years  whenever 
such  ground  is  necessary  for  the  erection  of  establishments  for  the 
accommodation  of  visitors,  may  grant  such  other  necessary  privileges 
and  concessions  as  he  deems  wise  for  the  accommodation  of  visitors, 
[and  may  likewise  arrange  for  the  removal  of  such  mature  or  dead 
lor  down  timber  as  he  may  deem  necessary  and  advisable  for  the 
[protection  and  improvement  of  the  park.  The  regulations  govern- 
ing the  park  shall  include  provisions  for  the  use  of  automobiles 
therein:  Provided,  That  no  appropriation  for  the  maintenance,  super- 
vision or  improvement  of  said  park  in  excess  of  $10,000  annually  shall 
be  made  unless  the  same  shall  have  first  been  expressly  authorized 
iby  law.^ 

I  The  act  also  provided  for  the  non-impairment  of  theretofore  exist- 
jing  land  entries ;  and  the  granting  of  rights  of  way  for  transporta- 
ition  lines  across  the  park  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  at  his 
■discretion.  It  also  provides  that  privately  held  lands  within  the  park 
shall  not  be  affected  by  the  law,  and  that  when  not  inconsistent  with 
primary  purposes  of  the  park  the  law  regarding  irrigational  rights 
(Of  way  the  act  of  Feb.  15,  1901  (31  Stat.  L.,  790)  shall  be  applicable 
to  the  park. 

1917 — Act  of  February  14,  1917  (39  Stat.  L.,  916) — An  Act 
To  add  certain  lands  to  Rocky  Mountain  National 
Park,   Colorado. 

1917 — Act  of  June  12,  1917  (40  Stat.  L.,  105,  152) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the   Government    for  the   fiscal   year   ending   June 

j  thirtieth,   nineteen  hundred   and   eighteen,   and   for 

i  other  purposes. 

See  same  act  under  Mount  Rainier. 

1919 — Act  of  March  i,  1919  (40  Stat.  L.,  1270) — An  Act 
To  repeal  the  last  proviso  of  Section  4  of  an  Act  to 
establish  the  Rocky  Mountain  National  Park,  in  the 
State  of  Colorado,  and  for  other  purposes,  approved 
January  twenty-sixth,  nineteen  hundred  and  fifteen. 

1  Proviso  repealed  by  Act  of  March  i,  1919   (40  Stat.  L.,  1271). 


ii8  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

Removes  $10,000  limitation  on  appropriations.  ,;i 

Hawaii  n 


1916 — Act  of  August  I,  1916  (39  Stat.  L.,  432) — An  I 
To  establish  a  national  park  in  the  Territory  f 
Hawaii.  j 

Sets  aside  tracts  on  islands  of  Hawaii  and  Maui  as  a  "public  park 
pleasure  ground,"  etc.,  "to  be  known  as  Hawaii  National  Park."  PI 
vides  for  administration  under  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  gra: 
ing  of  leases,  disposition  of  revenues,  etc.  Limits  appropriati( 
to  $10,000  unless  express  authorization  be  had,  also  provides  that  t 
appropriation  shall  be  made  until  such  perpetual  easements  and  rigi 
of  way  over  privately  owned  lands  in  the  park  shall  be  transfers 
to  the  United  States  as  shall  make  the  park  reasonably  accessible. 

1920 — Act  of  February  20,  1920  (41  Stat.  L.,  452) — An  / 
To    authorize    the    governor   of    the    Territory 
Hawaii  to  acquire  privately  owned  lands  and  r'lgl 
of  way  within  the  boundaries  of  the  Hawaii  Natioi 
Park. 

Acquisition  to  be  at  the  expense  of  Territory  of  Hawaii,  by  < 
change   or  otherwise;   and  provisions  of   Section  73   of  the  act 
April  30,  1900,  as  amended  by  the  act  of  May  27,  1910,  regardil 
exchange  of  public  lands,  not  to  apply. 

Lassen  Volcanic  i 

1916 — Act  of  August  9,  1916  (39  Stat.  L.,  442) — An  A 
To  establish  the  Lassen  Volcanic  National  Park 
the  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains  in  the  State  of  G 
ifornia,  and  for  other  purposes. 

[Sec.  i].  .  .  ,  That  all  those  certain  tracts  ...  of  land  ...  a 
set  aside  as  a  public  park  or  pleasuring-ground  for  the  people  of  t 
United  States.  .  .  . 

Sec.  2.  That  said  park  shall  be  under  the  exclusive  control  of  t 
Secretary  of  the  Interior,  whose  duty  it  shall  be,  as  soon  as  pra 
ticable,  to  make  and  publish  such  rules  and  regulations  not  inco 
sistent  with  the  laws  of  the  United  States  as  he  may  deem  necessa 
or  proper  for  the  care,  protection,  management,  and  improveme 
of  the  same.     Such  regulations  being  primarily  aimed  at  the  free 


LAWS  119 

use  of  said  park  for  recreation  purposes  by  the  public  and  for  the 
preservation  from  injury  or  spoliation  of  all  timber,  mineral  deposits, 
and  natural  curiosities  or  wonders  within  said  park  and  their  retention 
in  their  natural  condition  as  far  as  practicable  and  for  the  preserva- 
tion of  the  park  in  a  state  of  nature  so  far  as  is  consistent  with  the 
purposes  of  this  Act.  He  shall  provide  against  the  wanton  destruction 
of  the  fish  and  game  found  within  said  park  and  against  their  capture 
or  destruction  for  purposes  of  merchandise  or  profit,  and  generally 
shall  be  authorized  to  take  all  such  measures  as  shall  be  necessary 
to  fully  carry  out  the  objects  and  purposes  of  this  Act.  .  .  . 

The  act  also  provides  against  appropriations  of  more  than  $5,000 
annually  unless  expressly  authorized.  It  also  authorizes  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior  to  grant  leases  for  the  accommodation  of  visitors 
and  to  exact  charges  for  same  and  to  sell  dead,  matured,  and  down 
timber.  Trespassing  is  forbidden.  Provisos  are  inserted  safeguard- 
ing privately  owned  lands  and  valid  preexisting  entries.  Reclama- 
tion Service  use  is  permitted  and  provision  is  made  for  the  acquisition 
of  rights  of  way  by  railways,  for  automobile  roads,  etc.  Lands  in 
the  park  not  to  be  used  as  a  basis  for  claims  of  indemnity  selection 
by  corporations. 

Mount  McKinley 

1917 — Act  of  February  26,  1917  (39  Stat.  L.,  938) — An  Act 
To  establish  the  Mount  McKinley  National  Park  in 
the  Territory  of  Alaska. 

Sec.  I.  .  .  .  and  said  tract  is  dedicated  and  set  apart  as  a  public 
park  for  the  benefit  and  enjoyment  of  the  people,  under  the  name  of 
the  Mount  McKinley  National  Park, 

Sec  5.  That  the  said  park  shall  be  under  the  executive  control 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  said 
executive  authority,  as  soon  as  practicable,  to  make  and  publish  such 
rules  and  regulations  not  inconsistent  with  the  laws  of  the  United 
States  as  the  said  authority  may  deem  necessary  or  proper  for  the 
care,  protection,  management,  and  improvement  of  the  same,  the  said 
regulations  being  primarily  aimed  at  the  freest  use  of  the  said  park 
for  recreation  purposes  by  the  public  and  for  the  preservation  of 
animals,  birds,  and  fish  and  for  the  preservation  of  the  natural  curiosi- 
ties and  scenic  beauties  thereof. 
*  *  *  * 

Sec.  8.  That  any  person  found  guilty  of  violating  any  of  the  pro- 
visions of  this  Act  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  shall 
be  subjected  to  a  fine  of  not  more  than  $500  or  imprisonment  not  ex- 
ceeding six  months,  or  both,  and  be  adjudged  to  pay  all  costs  of 
the  proceedings. 

The  act  also  provides  against  the  impairment  of  preexisting  land  en- 


I20  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

tries,  states  that  the  mineral  land  laws  shall  remain  in  force  as  regards 
the  park ;  permits  locations  of  rights  of  way  under  the  act  of  February 
15,  1901  (31  Stat.  L.,  790)  ;  establishes  park  as  a  game  refuge,  with' 
the  proviso  that  killing  for  actual  food  necessities  is  permitted;  pro- 
vides for  the  execution  of  leases  of  not  to  exceed  twenty  acres  foi 
not  to  exceed  twenty  years;  and  limits  maintenance  appropriations  tc 
$10,000  annually  unless  previously  authorized  by  law. 

Grand  Canyon  ■• 

1919 — Act  of  February  26,  1919  (40  Stat.  L.,  1175) — An  Act- 
To  establish  the  Grand  Canyon  National  Park  in  the 
State  of  Arizona.  i 


Sec.  2.  That  the  administration,  protection,  and  promotion  of  said 
Grand  Canyon  National  Park  shall  be  exercised,  under  the  direction) 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  by  the  National  Park  Service,  sub- 
ject to  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  August  twenty-fifth,  nineteen 
hundred  and  sixteen,  entitled  "An  Act  to  establish  a  National  Park! 
Service,  and  for  other  purposes" :  Provided,  That  all  concessions  for 
hotels,  camps,  transportation,  and  other  privileges  of  every  kind  and 
nature  for  the  accommodation  or  entertainment  of  visitors  shall  be 
let  at  public  bidding  to  the  best  and  most  responsible  bidder.^ 

*  *  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  nothing  herein  contained  shall  affect  any  valid  ex-< 
isting  claim,  location,  or  entry  under  the  land  laws  of  the  Unitea' 
States,  whether  for  homestead,  mineral,  right  of  way,  or  any  othen 
purposes  whatsoever,  or  shall  affect  the  rights  of  any  such  claimant,' 
locator,  or  entryman  to  the  full  use  and  enjoyment  of  his  land  and^ 
nothing  herein  contained  shall  affect,  diminish,  or  impair  the  right  I 
and  authority  of  the  county  of  Coconino,  in  the  State  of  Arizona,  to 
levy  and  collect  tolls  for  the  passage  of  live  stock  over  and  upon  the!-! 
Bright  Angel  Toll  Road  and  Trail,  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior/ 
is  hereby  authorized  to  negotiate  with  the  said  County  of  Coconino  ;i 
for  the  purchase  of  said  Bright  Angel  Toll  Road  and  Trail  and  all  i 
rights  therein,  and  report  to  Congress  at  as  early  a  date  as  possible 
the  terms  upon  which  the  property  can  be  procured. 

*  *  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  whenever  consistent  with  the  primar}'  purposes  of 
said  park,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  authorized,  under  general 
regulations  to  be  prescribed  by  him,  to  permit  the  prospecting,  de- 
velopment, and  utilization  of  the  mineral  resources  of  said  park  upon 
such  terms  and  for  specified  periods,  or  otherwise,  as  he  may  deem 
to  be  for  the  best  interests  of  the  United  States.  | 

Sec.  7.     That,  whenever  consistent  with  the  primary  purposes  oft 
said  park,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  authorized  to  permit  the  1 

1  See  Sect.  3  of  Act  of  August  25,  1916  (39  Stat.  L.,  S?,S)  the  National 
Park  Service  Act. 


LAWS  121 

itilization  of  areas  therein  which  may  be  necessary  for  the  develop- 
iient  and  maintenance  of  a  Government  reclamation  project. 

The  act  also  provides  for  the  granting  of  rights  of  way  for  rail- 
oads  across  the  park  at  the  discretion  of  the  Secretary  of  the  In- 
erior;  the  continuation  of  the  existing  rights  of  the  Havasupai  In- 
lians ;  the  revoking  of  the  executive  order  creating  the  Grand  Canyon 

National  Monument;  and  the  exclusion  of  all  parts  of  the  park  from 

the  Grand  Canyon  Game  Preserve. 

Lafayette 

19 19 — Act  of  February  26,  19 19  (40  Stat.  L.,  11 78) — An  Act 
To  establish  the  Lafayette  National  Park  in  the 
State  of  Maine. 

Declares  Sieur  de  Monts  National  Monument  to  be  a  national  park 
under  name  of  Lafayette  National  Park  and  provides  for  its  adminis- 
tration by  the  National  Park  Service.  Also  authorizes  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior  to  accept  donations  for  the  extension  or  improvement 
of  the  park. 

Zion 

1919 — Act  of  November  19,  1919  (41  Stat.  L.,  356) — An 
Act  To  establish  the  Zion  National  Park  in  the  State 
of  Utah. 

[Sec.  i].  That  the  Zion  National  Monument,  in  the  county  of 
Washington,  State  of  Utah,  established  and  designated  as  a  national 
monument  under  the  act  of  June  8,  1906,  entitled  "An  Act  for  the 
preservation  of  American  antiquities,"  by  presidential  proclamations 
of  July  31,  1909,  and  March  18,  1918,  is  hereby  declared  to  be  a 
national  park  and  dedicated  as  such  for  the  benefit  and  enjoyment  of 
the  people  under  the  name  of  the  Zion  National  Park,  under  which 
name  the  aforesaid  national  park  shall  be  maintained  by  allotment  of 
funds  heretofore  or  hereafter  appropriated  for  the  national  monu- 
ments, until  such  time  as  an  independent  appropriation  is  made  there- 
for by  Congress. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  administration,  protection,  and  promotion  of 
said  Zion  National  Park  shall  be  exercised  under  the  direction  of 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  by  the  National  Park  Service,  subject 
to  the  provision  of  the  Act  of  August  25,  1916,  entitled  "An  Act  to 
establish  a  National  Park  Service  and  for  other  purposes,"  and  acts 
additional  thereto  or  amendatory  thereof. 

Hot  Springs 

1832— Act  of  April  20,   1832   (4  Stat.  L.,  505)^An  Act 


122  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

authorizing  the  governor  of  the  Territory  of  Ar- 
kansas to  lease  the  salt  springs,  in  said  territory,  and 
for  other  purposes. 

Sec.  3.     That  the  hot  springs,  in  said  territory,  together  with  fourr 
sections  of  land  including  said  springs,  as  near  the  center  thereof  ass 
may  be,  shall  be  reserved  for  the  future  disposal  of  the  United  States,  , 
and  shall  not  be  entered,  located,  or  appropriated,  for  any  purpose 
whatever. 

1870 — Act  of  June  11,  1870  (16  Stat.  L.,  149) — An  Act  In  1 
relation  to  the  Hot  Springs  Reservation  in  Arlcansas. 

Provides  for  the  prosecution  in  the  Court  of  Claims  of  suits  against 
the  United  States  by  persons  claiming  title  to  land  in  the  Hot  Springs 
Reservation. 

1877 — Act  of  March  3,  1877  (19  Stat.  L.,  377) — An  Act  In 
relation  to  the  Hot  Springs  Reservation  in  the  State 
of  Arkansas. 

Provides  for  the  appointment  of  three  Commissioners  to  dispose  of 
— by  sale  after  appraisement — all  of  Hot  Springs  Reservation  ex- 
cept an  area  including  all  the  hot  springs;  said  area  to  be  reserved 
from  sale  and  to  remain  in  charge  of  a  superintendent  to  be  appointed 
by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

The  act  also  grants  a  right  of  way  to  the  Hot  Springs  Railroad 
Company,  and  sets  aside  not  to  exceed  five  acres — from  the  land  to  be- 
sold — for  the  use  of  Garland  County,  Arkansas,  as  a  site  for  a  public 
building. 

1878 — Act  of  December  16,  1878  (20  Stat.  L.,  258) — An  Act 
To  correct  an  error  of  enrollment  in  bill  making  ap- 
propriations for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Gov- 
ernment for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth  1879, 
and  for  other  purposes. 

Revives  and  continues  in  force  act  of  March  3,  1877,  provides  for 
the  appointment  of  three  commissioners,  and  prescribes  rules  for  the 
leasing  of  hot  water  privileges. 

1880— Act  of  June   16,   1880   (21   Stat.   L.,  288)— An  Act 


0, 


LAWS  123 

For  the  establishment  of  titles  in  Hot  Springs,  and 

for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  those  divisions  of  the  Hot  Springs  Reservation, 
^nown  as  the  mountainous  districts,  not  divided  by  streets  on  the 
inaps  made  by  the  commissioners,  but  known  and  defined  on  the  map 
ind  in  the  report  of  the  Commissioners  as  North  Mountain,  West 
\lountain,  and  Sugar  Loaf  Mountain,  be,  and  the  same  are  hereby 
"orever  reserved  from  sale,  and  dedicated  to  public  use  as  parks,  to 
)e  known,  with  Hot  Springs  Mountain,  as  the  permanent  reservation. 

[S81— Act  of  March  3,  1881  (26  Stat.  L.,  842)— An  Act 
To  regulate  the  granting  of  leases  at  Hot  Springs, 
Arkansas,  and  for  other  purposes. 

Grants  full  powers  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  in  connection 
with  the  leasing  of  hot  water  rights,  sale  of  lots,  etc. 

1882 — Act  of  June  30,  1882  (22  Stat.  L.,  121) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  eighty-three,  and  for  other  purposes. 

Provides  for  the  erection  of  an  Army  and  Navy  Hospital  on  the 
reservation  at  Hot  Springs. 

1882— Act  of  July  8,  1882  (22  Stat.  L.,  155)— An  Act  To 
authorize  the  sale  of  certain  lots  in  the  city  of  Hot 
Springs,  Arkansas,  to  the  Women's  Christian  Na- 
tional Library  Association. 

1887 — Joint  .Resolution  of  March  3,  1887  (24  Stat.  L., 
647) — Joint  Resolution  To  authorize  the  use  of  hot 
water  off  the  Government  Reservation  at  Hot 
Springs,  Arkansas. 

Authorizes  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  continue  to  supply  hot 
water  to  bath  houses  located  off  the  permanent  reservation. 

1888— Joint  Resolution  of  March  26,  1888  (25  Stat.  L., 
619) — ^Joint  Resolution  To  enable  the  Secretary  of 


124  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

the  Interior  to  utilize  the  hot  water  now  running  to 
waste  on  the  permanent  reservation  at  Hot  Springs, 
Arkansas,  and  for  other  purposes. 


; — ^Act  of  October  19,  1888  (25  Stat.  L.,  609) — An  Act 
Granting  the  right  of  way  for  the  construction  of  a 
railroad  through  the  Hot  Springs  Reservation,  State 
of  Arkansas.  i 

Leave  granted  the  Mountain  View  Railway  Co.,  of  Hot  Springs,  to 
build  line  of  railway  across  reservation.  Conditions  prescribed. 
Reservation  by  government  of  right  to  amend,  add  to,  alter  or  re- 
peal. 

1892 — Act  of  June  22,  1892  {2j  Stat.  L.,  58) — An  Act  To  » 
include  lot  numbered  53  in  block  89,  at  Hot  Springs,  ] 
Arkansas,  in  the  public  reservation  at  that  place. 

1892 — Act  of  July  14,  1892  (27  Stat.  L.,  174) — An  Act  To  > 
grant  lot  numbered  one  in  block  numbered  72  of  the 
Hot  Springs  Reservation  tO'  the  school  district  of 
the  city  of  Hot  Springs  for  school  purposes. 

1892 — Act  of  August  5,   1892   (27  Stat.  L.,  373) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  \ 
the   Government    for   the   fiscal   year    ending   June 
thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-three,  and  f or  T 
other  purposes. 

Provision  made  for  improvement  of  reservation  and  to  make  same 
available  as  a  reservoir  to  retain  flood  waters  of  Hot  Springs  Creek. 

1893 — Act  of  December  21,  1893  (28  Stat.  L.,  21) — An  Act 
Granting  the  right  of  way  for  the  construction  of  a 
railroad  and  other  improvements  over  and  on  the 
West  Mountain  of  the  Hot  Springs  Reservation, 
Hot   Springs,   Arkansas. 

Grants  right  of  way  to  George  W.  Baxter  et  al  as  well  as  hotel 
privilege  and  use  of  five  acres  on  reservation  for  a  park.     Rental 


LAWS 


125 


of  two  per  cent  on  gross  earnings  per  annum  to  be  paid  to  Secretary 
of  Interior,  who  has  supervision  over  rates  to  be  charged.  Right 
to  alter,  amend,  etc.,  reserved  by  Congress. 

1894 — Act  of  June  21,  1894  (28  Stat.  L.,  95) — An  Act 
Granting  the  use  of  certain  lands  in  the  Hot  Springs 
Reservation,  in  the  State  of  Arkansas,  to  the  Barry 
Hospital. 

Use  only  granted.  Fee  retained  by  the  Government  and  right  to 
resume  possession. 

1894 — Act  of  August  7,  1894  (28  Stat.  L.,  263) — An  Act 
Authorizing  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  grant 
leases  for  sites  on  the  Hot  Springs  Reservation, 
Arkansas,  for  cold  water  reservoirs. 

Lease  to  Hot  Springs  Water  Co.,  or  any  other  person  or  corpora- 
tion authorized  for  not  to  exceed  twenty  years.  Renewal  for  like 
period  allowed. 

1894 — Act  of  August  9,  1894  (28  Stat.  L.,  274) — An  Act  To 
authorize  sale  of  lot  eight,  block  ninety-three,  city 
of  Hot  Springs,  by  school  directors  thereof,  and  use 
of  proceeds  for  school  purposes. 

1894 — Act  of  August  II,  1894  (28  Stat.  L.,  1004) — An  Act 
For  the  relief  of  Henry  James  residing  in  the  orig- 
inal Hot  Springs  Reservation,  in  the  State  of  Ar- 
kansas. 

Right  granted  to  purchase  improved  lot. 

1896 — Act  of  February  15,  1896  (29  Stat.  L.,  7) — An  Act 
To  extend  the  time  for  the  completion  of  the  incline 
railway  on  West  Mountain,  Hot  Springs  Reserva- 
tion. 

Three  years  extension  of  time  granted.    Act  of  December  21,  1893 
continued  in  full  force  and  effect. 

1898 — Act  of  March  19,  1898  (30  Stat.  L.,  329)— An  Act  Re- 


126  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

lating  to  leases  on  the  Hot  Springs  Reservation,  and 
for  other  purposes. 

Secretary  of  the  Interior  granted  discretionary  power  for  granting 
of  leases  and  privileges. 

1898 — Act  of  May  9,  1898  (30  Stat.  L.,  403) — An  Act 
Authorizing  the  Supreme  Lodge  of  the  Knights  of 
Pythias  to  erect  and  maintain  a  sanitarium  and  bath- 
house on  the  Government  reservation,  at  the  city  of 
Hot  Springs,   Arkansas. 

Rights  granted  to  continue  for  not  to  exceed  ninety-nine  years  sub- 
ject to  certain  conditions,  non-fulfillment  of  which  cause  forfeiture  to 
the  Government. 

1900 — Act  of  February  10,  1900  (31  Stat.  L.,  28) — An  Act 
To  amend  section  4  of  the  Act  of  Congress  ap- 
proved June  16,  1880,  granting  to  the  city  of  Hot 
Springs,  Arkansas,  certain  lands  as  a  city  park,  and 
for  other  purposes. 

Original  grant  made  more  liberal  provided  municipality  relin- 
quishes title  to  a  lot  desired  by  Government  for  administrative  pur- 
poses. 

1900 — Act  of  March  26,  1900  (31  Stat.  L.,  51) — An  Act  To' 
extend  the  time  for  the  completion  of  the  incline 
railway  on  West  Mountain,  Hot  Springs  Reserva- 
tion. 

A  further  extension  of  three  years  granted. 

1901 — Act  of  March  3,  1901  (31  Stat.  L.,  1133,  1188) — An 
Act  Making  appropriation®  'for  .sundry  civil  ex- 
penses of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  two,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

Payment  of  certain  claims  for  value  of  condemned  houses  on  reser- 
vation after  investigation  made  authorized. 


LAWS 


127 


1903 — Act  of  January  30,  1903  (32  Stat.  L.,  788) — An  Act 
To  extend  the  time  for  the  completion  on  the  incHne 
railway  on  West  Mountain,  Hot  Springs,  .Reserva- 
tion. 

Extension  of  one  year  granted. 

1904 — Act  of  April  12,  1904  (33  Stat.  L.,  173) — An  Act 
To  amend  an  act  approved  December  16,  1878,  and 
to  authorize  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  grant 
additional  water  rights  to  hotels  and  bathhouses 
at  Hot  Springs,  Arkansas,  and  for  other  purposes. 


Restriction  to  specified  number  of  tubs  as  provided  by  previous 
act  done  away  with  and  authority  given  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
to  grant  privileges  for  as  many  tubs  as  he  deems  proper  and  hot 
water  will  justify. 

1904 — Act  of  April  20,  1904  (33  Stat.  L.,  187) — An  Act 
Conferring  jurisdiction  upon  United  States  Com- 
missioners over  offenses  committed  in  a  portion  of 
the  permanent  Hot  Springs  Mountain  Reservation, 
Arkansas. 

Acceptance  of  jurisdiction  conferred  by  Arkansas  legislature  by  the 
act  of  February  21,  1903,  reserving  taxing  and  process  rights  to 
State.  The  act  further  places  the  reservation  within  the  federal 
district  for  Eastern  Arkansas;  prescribes  punishments  for  offenses, 
including  the  illegal  prescribing  and  using  of  the  waters ;  defines  the 
powers  of  United  States  commissioners;  and  provides  rules  regarding 
issue  of  process  by  commissioners,  etc. 

1906 — Act  of  May  23,  1906  (34  Stat.  L.,  198) — An  Act  To 
change  the  line  of  the  reservation  at  Hot  Springs, 
Arkansas,  and  of  Reserve  Avenue. 

1907 — Act  of  March  2,  1907  (34  Stat.  L.,  12 18) — An  Act 
To  amend  an  Act  entitled  "'An  Act  conferring  juris- 
diction upon  United  States  commissioners  over  of- 
fenses committed  in  a  portion  of  the  permanent  Hot 
Springs  Mountain  Reservation,  Arkansas,"  approved 
April  20,  1904. 


128  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

Clarifies  the  phraseology  of  the  act  of  April  20,  1904. 

1908 — Act  of  April  30,  1908  (35  Stat.  L.,  98) — An  Act  To 
confer  title  in  fee  and  to-  authorize  the  disposition 
of  certain  lots  now  situate  on  Hot  Springs  Reserva- 
tion, in  the  State  of  Arkansas,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses. 

Grants  certain  lots  on  Hot  Springs  Reservation  to  school  district 
of  Hot  Springs  and  repeals  all  laws  or  parts  of  laws  in  conflict  there- 
with. 

1910 — Act  of  March  12,  1910  (36  Stat.  L.,  235) — An  Act 
Granting  unto  the  Hot  Springs  Street  Railway  Com- 
pany, its  successors  and  assigns,  the  right  to  main- 
tain and  operate  its  electric  railway  along  the  North- 
ern border  of  that  portion  of  the  Hot  Springs  Res- 
ervation, in  the  State  of  Arkansas,  known  as  the 
Whittington  Lake  Reserve  Park. 

Grants  right  of  way  during  existence  of  franchise  granted  by  city 
of  Hot  Springs,  and  reserves  right  to  alter,  amend,  or  repeal. 

1910 — Act  of  June  25,  1910  (36  Stat.  L.,  844) — An  Act 
Granting  to  the  city  of  Hot  Springs,  Arkansas,  land 
for  street  purposes. 

191 1 — ^Act  of  Feb.  15,  191 1  (36  Stat.  L.,  906) — An  Act  Au- 
thorizing the  Hot  Springs  Lodge,  numbered  sixty- 
two.  Ancient  Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  under  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Arkansas,  to  oc- 
cupy and  construct  buildings  for  the  use  of  the  or- 
ganization on  lots  numbered  i  and  2,  in  block  num- 
bered 114,  in  the  city  of  Hot  Springs,  Arkansas. 

Lots  granted  for  the  erection  of  a  Masonic  home,  to  be  completed 
in  five  years.  Lots  to  revert  to  Government  if  home  not  built  in 
five  years  or  if  any  other  use  ever  made  of  premises  than  one 
originally  contemplated. 

191 1 — Act  of  March  2,  191 1   (36  Stat.  L.,  1015) — An  Act 


LAWS  129 

Limiting  the  privileges  of  the  Government  free  bath- 
house on  the  pubHc  reservation  at  Hot  Springs,  Ar- 
kansas, to  persons  who  are  without  and  unable  to 
obtain  the  means  to  pay  for  baths. 

Requires  an  oath  as  to  indigency  and  provides  penalty  for   false 
swearing. 

191 1 — Act  of  March  3,  191 1  (36  Stat.  L.,  1086) — An  Act 
To  amend  section  one  of  the  act  approved  March  2, 
1907,  being  an  act  to  amend  an  Act  entitled  "An 
Act  Conferring  jurisdiction  upon  United  States  Com- 
missioners over  offenses  committed  on  a  portion  of 
the  permanent  Hot  Springs  Mountain  Reservation, 
Arkansas." 

Amends  Sec.  i  of  the  Act  of  March  2,  1907  to  read  as  follows: 
That  any  United  States  Commissioner  duly  appointed  by  the  United 
States  district  court  for  the  eastern  district  of  Arkansas,  and  residing 
in  said  district,  shall  have  power  and  jurisdiction  to  hear  and  act 
upon  all  complaints  made  of  any  and  all  violations  of  said  Act  of 
Congress  approved  April  twentieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  four. 

1912 — Act  of  June  3,  1912  (37  Stat.  L.,  121) — An  Act  Au- 
thorizing the  Leo  N.  Levi  Memorial  Hospital  As- 
sociation to  occupy  and  construct  buildings  for  the 
use  of  the  corporation  in  lots  numbered  3  and  4, 
block  numbered  114,  in  the  city  of  Hot  Springs, 
Arkansas. 

Similar  to  Masonic  grant,  supra. 

1912 — Act  of  August  21,  1912  (37  Stat.  L.,  322) — An  Act 
Authorizing  the  city  of  Hot  Springs,  Arkansas,  to 
occupy  and  construct  buildings  for  the  use  of  the 
fire  department  of  said  city  on  lot  numbered  3,  block 
numbered  115,  in  the  city  of  Hot  Springs,  Arkansas. 

Similar  to  Masonic  grant,  supra. 

1912 — Act  of  August  24,  1912  (37  Stat.  L.,  457) — An  Act 
Making   appropriations    for   sundry  civil   expenses 


I30  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,    nineteen   hundred  and   thirteen,   and    for  r 
other  purposes. 

Authorizes  and  directs  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  make  a  sur- 
vey of  the  sewer  system  of  the  city  of  Hot  Springs  abutting  the 
Hot  Springs  Reservation,  Arkansas. 

Authorizes  Secretary  of  Interior  to  lease  ArHngton  Hotel  property 
in  Hot  Springs  for  not  to  exceed  tvirenty  years,  and  makes  provision 
as  to  valuation  of  improvements  made  by  lessee  under  expiring  lease. 

1916 — Act  of  July  8,  1916  (39  Stat.  L.,  351) — An  Act  Au- 
thorizing the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  furnish 
hot  water  from  the  hot  springs  on  the  Hot  Springs 
Reservation  for  drinking  and  bathing  purposes  free 
of  cost  to  the  Leo  N.  Levi  Memorial  Hospital  Asso- 
ciation. 

Authorization  made   subject  to  proviso  that  hospital  accept  and    Jj 
treat  emergency  patients  free  of  charge. 

1920 — Act  of  June  5,  1920  (41  Stat.  L.,  918) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty-one,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

Unexpended  balance  of  appropriation  for  fiscal  year  19 19  reappro- 
priated  and  made  available  for  fiscal  year  1921 ;  and  Secretary  of  the 
Interior  authorized  to  expend  same  for  buildings  and  to  accept  sites 
which  may  be  donated  for  same  in  city  of  Hot  Springs.  The  Secre- 
tary also  authorized  to  charge  physicians,  masseurs  and  bath  at- 
tendants prescribing  or  using  waters  from  the  reservation  fees  for 
the  exercise  of  those  privileges. 

192 1 — Act  of  March  4,  192 1  (41  Stat.  L.,  1407) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twenty-one,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

*  *  *  * 

Hereafter  the  Hot  Springs  Reservation  shall  be  known  as  the  Hot 
Springs  National  Park. 


APPENDIX  5 

FINANCIAL  STATEMENTS 
Explanatory  Note 

Statements  showing  appropriations,  receipts,  expenditures 
and  other  financial  data  for  a  series  of  years  constitute  the 
most  effective  single  means  of  exhibiting  the  growth  and 
development  of  a  service.  Due  to  the  fact  that  Congress 
has  adopted  no  uniform  plan  of  appropriation  for  the  several 
services  and  the  latter  employ  no  uniform  plan  in  respect 
to  the  recording  and  reporting  of  their  receipts  and  expendi- 
tures, it  is  impossible  to  present  data  of  this  character  accord- 
ing to  any  standard  scheme  of  presentation.  In  the  case  of 
some  services  the  administrative  reports  contain  tables  show- 
ing financial  conditions  and  operations  of  the  service  in  con- 
siderable detail;  in  others  financial  data  are  almost  wholly 
lacking.  Careful  study  has  in  all  cases  been  made  of  such 
data  as  are  available,  and  the  effort  has  been  made  to  present 
the  results  in  such  a  form  as  will  exhibit  the  financial  opera- 
tions of  the  services  in  the  most  effective  way  that  circum- 
stances permit. 

Under  the  organic  act  establishing  most  of  the  parks  the 
Department  of  the  Interior  had  authority  to  expend  the  rev- 
enues of  these  parks  in  the  discretion  of  the  Secretary  or  his 
duly  authorized  representative.  Since  19 18  the  revenues  of 
all  the  parks,  with  the  exception  of  Hot  Springs  have  been 
covered  into  the  Treasury,  and  no  expenditures  of  these 
amounts  have  been  made  without  the  authorization  of  Con- 
gress. Up  to  and  including  19 18  the  appropriations  to  the 
parks  were  made  under  the  Department  of  the  Interior  and 

131 


132  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

the  War  Department.  Since  that  date  all  appropriations  have  < 
been  made  under  the  Department  of  the  Interior  with  the  ex- 
ception of  Sullys  Hill  Park  which  receives  appropriations 
under  the  Department  of  Agriculture.  In  addition  the  Na- 
tional Park  Service  benefits  from  the  appropriation  to  the  De- 
partment of  the  Interior  for  "contingent  expenses"  of  the  de- 
partment. 

In  the  table  immediately  following  the  "appropriations  to 
the  national  parks"  include  only  the  regular  appropriations 
made  by  Congress,  but  do^  not  include  the  revenues  of  the 
parks.  No  account  is  taken  of  certified  claims  which  are  gen- 
erally small.  In  the  statement  showing  expenditures  the  items 
are  figured  on  the  accrual  basis,  with  the  exception  of  1920 
which  is  figured  on  the  cash  basis,  and  include  the  amounts 
spent  out  of  the  revenues  and  out  of  the  regular  appropriations 
of  the  parks.  The  item  "additional  compensation"  includes 
the  bonus  received  by  the  National  Park  Service  in  Washing- 
ton and  in  the  field. 


FINANCIAL  STATEMENTS 


133 


0  0 

o\ 

1- 

00 

00 

0 

00 

N 

<S 

Tj->0 

0 

\o  0 

l>* 

M 

•<}• 

0\ 

N 

00 

TfVO 

0 

to  10 

0 

'■V 

tX  M 

Tf 

»o 

0 

t^ 

M 

r) 

f 

00 

ts  to 

0 

■*o 

ro 

o\ 

M 

00 

IN  00 

Ov 

<> 

a  j> 

«    0 

0 

N 

•* 

•* 

tl- 

o> 

0    -* 

0 

o>  tx 

1- 

o\  t^ 

0 

Tf 

M 

0 

•* 

■* 

to 

to 

IX  tX 

to 

o> 

MM 

to 

M 

00 

f< 

" 

" 

«9- 

0   0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0    0 

0 

00 0 

rt 

OVO 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0    0 

0 

0  0 

0 

0 

0     M 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

U-) 

0 

0    0 

0 

d  d 

2.g 
0.+-' 

< 

0  ■* 

N 

0 

0 

0 

0 

M 

0 

0    0 

0 

0  m 

N   0 

0\ 

0 

0 

l/l 

m 

\n 

N 

0 

0  \n 

0 

0  t% 

0\(N 

•* 

>o 

0 

0 

■* 

•* 

to 

Tf- 

CO   tN 

10 

0 

0 

0 

M    M 

0 

00 

to 

M 

M 

•a 

^ 

*0- 

to  Ov 

"  tx 

OjCO 

d\oo 


to  o 
tx  o 


0  to 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0     0 

0 

0        • 

.       .               .0 

h 

0  to 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0     0 

0 

0        • 

.            0 

0  to 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0     0 

0 

°        '.                  .                 '. 

.       .               .0 

0     M 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

000 

0 

0        . 

.       .               .0 

VO  t)- 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

m 

0     M 

0 

0        . 

.       .               .0 

tx  tx 

00 

10 

10 

10 

ts 

10 

M 

t< 

0     tX 

10 

0        • 

.               •       •               •            10 

0.+3 

tx 

CO 

C) 

»x 

M       • 

0. 

M 

< 

</>■ 

" 

W 


tN  M  Ov  O    M 

\6  to  r5  Ov  tJ- 

M  10  M  Ov   to 

M  O  10  (Ov  ■* 

vrT  d\  to  dvco 


£2 


N        VO         " 


tx  • 

(S 

\D     • 

2.2 

a,-^ 

ft 

< 

m- 

u  S  " 


:p^ 


s  -^ 


pj  •  j3  ■  ii  •  I-, 
o  .0  .  "^  !  " 
•il    .-43    .P^    .fW 


^  :^ 


s-S^   -IS 


;-5  :-5  :-5  :^ 
!^  :^  :^  --^  :^- 


rt  c 

■2; 


•!3  :  <«"s    ^ 


U   tt! 

5 


_rt§ 


rt  «  "  w 

i-'  c  I-  h 

P-i  oPh  ra 

o 


^'^ 


J  rj  rt  C  n  rt 


«    WkJ    S 


:ph 

tn        p 

•  •-;  bo   .  n 

:.2'i.<§ 


134 


THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 


0\ 

•3 

w 

o 
o 

n 

M 
0\ 

o 
o 

;     d 

o 

;     o 

•      o" 

O 

vd 

O 

00 

m 

A 

(U    P 

Q:j  a 

OS 

d 

00 
In. 

>o 

M 

.2 

CO 

to 
cr> 

vd 
1^ 

M 
M 

Is 

0\             M 

VO        00 

■a       "       ! 

■<f 

N 

oo 
Is. 

6 

N 

>  u 

o 
n 
ci 

VO 

6 

00 

.5 
'C 

o  o 

a- 

< 

o      o 
o      o 
d     d      : 
o      o 
°.      ° 
m      "1       ; 

VO 
vd 
VO 

VO 
fC 

o 

00 

J 

3 

i    '■ 
a    • 
Q    : 
g    • 

.2    N 
O  -w 

0)    • 

a  • 
o   ; 

n 

CO 

P 

a   ■ 

o    . 
o    . 

J5 

o 

p  u 


Q  m- 


T)  O 
ov  (5 


o* 


^  6 
CO  o 


(U-g  , 


.2  "tiTS  bo       S>*H   2 

h  e  2  S«  oJ-^  0,5 

^  V  Cup       J^  f.      " 
C       *^  *H  3  ^  m 


1>  (3        ««v-"       jj       ■- 

E  u  «i  «i     i^'-oc  nj  G 

1)  2  "  -J^      :J3  o, 
g         J3  o.      rtQ  g  o 

6  o  rt  °  V-  o  K-ai-rj 

E  o  rt  «j  i;  t;  ^  rt69. 

1.        05  w  C  to--  t.  en  (u 

VH  OJ   OJ   (U   <u  x   rt   O -T-l 

rt'CTS   O.T3   C   S'X)  Q 

rt-5n3g3^>>3j; 

rtP'g'^  «"§  X  o"  g- 


FINANCIAL  STATEMENTS 


13s 


i   u 

" 

M 

> 

Bi 

« 

M 

'    w><l 

w 

1^ 

^ 

« 

^ 

h 

J 

rn 

< 

W 

^ 

P 

0 

H 

H 

!s 

< 

000.00 
000.00 
000.00 
000.00 
000.00 
000.00 

300.00 
500.00 
400.00 
500.00 

000.00 
000.00 
000.00 
000.00 
000.00 
000.00 
000.00 

000.00 

0 
0 
6 
0 

D    •  0  0  ir.vo  vo  0  vo  r.,\o  t^  m  ui  0  tooo  0  u~.  0 

^    •  vo  0   0\OC)         in  M         M         WVO   i-<                0   N    11 

•    CO   n  M                     "                                                                             M 

M 

0>nOOO\0000000000    0     -oot^oo 

o^ooooooooooooooo    •ooooo 

ddo6^o'do'd6oo"do'do'      6  6  in  6  6 
o^t^oo^ooooooooooo      oooooo 
rJ-comoiJiOfoOfoooooooin    .000000 
t^M\o  rot^voinomiOTj-OMno  m  rT    -  ddooinco 
N  moo  oOro->tN"             ■*              '^ONOO 

N  CO "                                                       *                a, 

000 

Tj-VD  00   CO  0>M3    NONOVOOOO^t^ 

c*oo  cot^-^^ONO  txoo  moo  O  M  -^t 
in  cooo  o^  cooo  0\-^i-»  C^O^O^O  C^l^ 


OuTtOMOOOOOOOOOO 

0  tx^O   O'-^OOOOOOOOOO 

OMD  ^ddvdddindddodd 

0100^40^000010000010 

01  romooo^o  Oinoi  ooooot^ 
oT  -^vd  d^  mMd  oToo  tF  ^  \d  m  o 
oi-rj-oio^co       cool        M  M 

CO  01    w 


0  0 
0  0 
d  d 
0  0 
°.  °- 
o'o' 

0 
q 
d 
0 
o_^ 
00" 

13 !>  <J-^  d    '    ' 


csS    ..«  a> 
.2.2  "•  rtt) 


O         C 
N  +j-  (U 

'C  H  g 

<^§ 

E  c 
-3  o 

«g§ 

C  nj  2 

§.2^ 


o  rt 
^^  3 


.i; 

4-* 

M 

»-< 

hn 

3 

M 

ti 

u 

Ph 

_fi 

C 

a.  3 

v'3 

cj 

rt 

a 

Cic;  bojl 

■*-» 

p 

•*^^ 

.(^ 

■rf 

0 

T! 

0 

0 

< 

12; 

rn 

1) 
3 
c 

m 

^• 

c 

3 

0 

3 

0 

n 

c 

Vt 

> 

^ 

V 

1h 

V 

H 

ri 

ri 

n1 

I/. 

fn 

<u 

oj: 

0. 

T) 

1) 

0 

•H 

0 

Q 

3 
0 

^ 

M 

U 

W) 

> 

4J            11 

3-0 -g 
0  D  n 

0 
u 

■a 

c 

2 

3 

V. 

o 

3 
0 

6 

1)  D, 

0. 0 
a 

0 

3 

^+H 

CO  0.  ed 

rt 

0. 
0 

ClJ 

0 
0 

B 

a 

0 

0 
0 

0 

r'l 

>>J2 

i-» 

^j 

t^  a>  o  ^  4J  <u  ?* 

■S"  2c  "  y  o 


136 


THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 


«^00  lOMOiinOOOOOOOOOOOOOtNOioOOO 

o\Tto»oi'0\ooo\ooooooooooo  eooo  000 
CO  0"  dv  to  d\od  c5i-Iddddddd6doiA-4"d6d 

"       >OOOOOOOOOOOCOtJ-ioOOO 


>  O  lOVO  00   CO  O   c^l   -^  tJ-vo 


M  00  )-  M  ■* 


)ir)OOO00«Tt-OOO 


^' 


00'  t5- 

ro  O 


lOwOMJ-JOOOOOOOOOOftOt^OinOOO 

tvjcivovoooooooooooqoo  cooo  000 
d>  to  d.06  dioddddddddddio-4-i-ddd 


Nvo  H  M  ■* 


>s 


>  rtf^  is 


■-S  o  §-~ 


CO  o  o  rt 

rt  =3.2 

rt  jH  1) 


CI  o 
^^ 

(U 

>  u 
c^  cu 


•^  1- 

•  can.  ^1    • 
'^      ^    • 

C  O  CO  1- 


<u  c: 
6/ 


—  la  "■  C 


O       Vh      JH 


^§ 


"2  rt  4-1  >>^ 


:^^^-3  13.2  gs 

cfl.S  o  cfl  rt  „   S  o 

-t-»  ^7    CL   Cl3 

^■S-d  i"^!^  C.2, 

M°S^.2o  rt  rt, 


„  o 

C  ca 

.2^ 
ft  o 

1^    3 


.2^ 


STATISTICS  OF  VISITORS 


137 


O  O  rsiOLOOOVO  PI  o  O  r-iOO 
O  "TO  -^fOfOC^ChO  O  O'O 
OPI'OMtN.OOirjOlOu-)'-' 


w 


01 


O  0\  CO  rnvO  ' 
O  0*  M  CO  10  ( 
O    OnOO   W  t^  1 


I   ^  CO  fD  01     CO'O    CO  LOOl 


O    O   CO  ■r^  OVO 


)  0\  O    O    O   tN. 


O    10  M    ro^O    O    O  CO    O    O    O    o 

O  o  t-"  in  M  CO  loco  o  01  01   o 
OCOcot^OlO-^fOOM  Tf 


o  u^  ts.  000  o  o  ^s.  o  o  o 

O    C^O    ^-<^NO    OCO    OOvii-) 
O   "^  '^^O    w    O    O    CO  O    w    01 


lO^oicOoO'-i'OOOtn 

tJ-  iJ-)00   a\<0   tN.  1-1    O   0\MD 

^^^  lOCO    M    tN.  c?\  "-^^  M_^  O    "-i    ►-< 

MoT     CO     lo^fcouT^i  '*!!!!!! 

"Wcow  C^  

01    h-i    O  COVO  u-)mOOCi • 

xfioint^oi  tN.txO  inco 

^^  10  01  CO  ^sCO  ^^'-'ON^;^ 

M  a\  t-Tco  t-T  oT  10  co^  01  '!!!!!!! 

^^    M  01  

01  

I   ;;;;••;;;;>;•;;;;    • 

i  :  :  !J  •  :  :  :  :  i  :^  i-S-l  •  :  : 

"       i-  is   2  WOhDj    •  C  ^  o  o  01  iH     • 
°0_.'S»5  "JoSi3   OoP-(^'^>^'^n!--;  t; 


138 


THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 


CO   w   rofOOJ   Mt^'OOOvoroN.'-io 
""     '     "     "o   xnCOCO    O   Ol  ol  CO  rOVO   O  e 


<^00  W  On  CO  1/)  c^i  0*  \o 


■^p^ 


r^  IT)  o\^  rt  i-<  o^  o  fo  ^oo  OS      o 
"  Ov  ►-^'oo"  ol'o' o' t^CO  0\  ^  0)  o'ej    est 


in  o  fi 
tZ\o  n 


OHCoc>(ThwioPiovo*Ot^Pl       o 
0\^  ■^^  t^  to  ■+  "  o  t^  >"oo  o>      o 

o  n"  o'oo"  "  loMSMs" lo  -"too  ^^  c^«^    «~ 

VO^OCOmCSlOMCM04  ^        so'"—'       ^ 


owo  o\Ovonroooooo>j->cj\ 

O   <^    O    Tf-ThOM^    '*°1°°'* 
o"  i-T  lO  CO  ui  CO  CO  'J-^O  -^  0>  of  H  a 

■rt-(>)MCOM-*l-ll-ICO  C^ 


OOOOOOOioNO  f^  f-.  covo 

oOHi-io\vo*'a-ooooc>)oo 
o  ■*  in  •«  CO  m^o  t^  o.  '^  "^  ^  " 

COCOwCOmCOMmCO         *-*  w^ 


oo\OOOOMnoO|-,2;ioo 

^■^00  OvVOOOVO   o  o   o^oo  ° 
t^OO   t^  CO  CO  0\  01    O  O^  in^  ^  ^y— V 

oo''noco>ncooq"d\0  ^^w  H  MS   a 

mCOMcohCVIi-iCO        "         lo^-'-— ' 


QiOtx^^  co^  M  ts.O  Oincoo 
00\-*»nM"Ot^i-i  OO^iO  o 
OOO^  Tfini-coOOO^O  «_VO  o 
l^wtCcoOlOMofotH'3-         1-1 

„io      coMCOM       cua"       CO 


•e^ 


•  cd  n)  ^. 

Cu^     _M  _  -^  „™  ca 


nj-M  cd  a<ii^  ti'^Pn 


2  h'-S  rtrt  rt.of^  ^ 
Ph       o  ■t-'.o  n].^  o  ca  n! 


<U'X1  C'jjJJivi  , 
-2T3  ca  3J5  OTj  C' 
'^  ^"^^  <^^^^  ca  fl,*jj 


-b  S  o-^  &  «  P  i^  rt  c 
o  0)  (u  o  jj  o  iHKTJS^Lii—  o  rt  ta  °  1-  IS. 2 


STATISTICS  OF  VISITORS 


139 


o  vo  o  o  o  o  o 

o  o^  o  o  o  o  o^_    ^  ^    „  _    - 


O  ro  O  PO 


0  t^  0    . 

■  0    • 

0    • 

■  -^ 

•CO 

'.  f^  . 

.    M 

0      p     • 

D       • 

!5S 


O  o    >-•  U   D'+H 

S  t,  rt  ■^  f^i  (2  c3 


°  o  rt 
l-.S'm  rtQ 

O  rt  <u       "<^7• 
>  g,'S  i  E  i! « 


ni   M  O    «;  ^  I 


Bo' 


•g      ft 


o  u 
.5  rt 


APPENDIX  7 

BIBLIOGRAPHY  ^ 

Explanatory  Note 

The  bibliographies  appended  to  the  several  monographs  aim 
to  list  only  those  works  which  deal  directly  with  the  services 
to  which  they  relate,  their  history,  activities,  organization, 
methods  of  business,  problems,  etc.  They  are  intended  pri- 
marily to  meet  the  needs  of  those  persons  who  desire  to  make 
a  further  study  of  the  services  from  an  administrative  stand- 
point. They  thus  do  not  include  the  titles  of  publications 
of  the  services  themselves,  except  in  sO'  far  as  they  treat  of 
the  services,  their  work  and  problems.  Nor  do  they  include 
books  or  articles  dealing  merely  with  technical  features  other 
than  administrative  of  the  work  of  the  services.  In  a  few 
cases  explanatory  notes  have  been  appended  where  it  was 
thought  they  would  aid  in  making  known  the  character  or 
value  of  the  publication  to  which  they  relate. 

After  the  completion  of  the  series,  the  bibliographies 
may  be  assembled  and  separately  published  as  a  bibliography 
of  the  Administrative  Branch  of  the  National  Govern- 
ment. 


Bibliographies 

U.    S.    Dept.    of   the  interior.     Government  publications   on 

...  national  parks  [Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1916 — 

A  two-page  list  of  goverment  publications  has  been 

1  Compiled  by  M.  Alice  Matthews. 

141 


142  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

issued  (1916)  for  each  of  the  following  national  parks: 
Crater  Lake,  Glacier,  Mesa  Verde,  Mount  .Rainier,  Rocky 
Mountain,  Sequoia  and  General  Grant,  Yellowstone  and  the 
Yosemite.  These  lists  are  issued  primarily  for  distribution 
to  tourists  in  the  parks. 
List  of  national  park  publications.      [Washing- 


ton, Govt,  print,  off.,  1912]  27  p.  incl.  map. 

Bibliography  of  each  park  is  in  3  sections :  government 
publications ;  books ;  magazine  articles. 
Magazine  articles  on  national  parks,  reservations 


and   monuments.      [Washington,    Govt,   print,    off.,    191 1] 

15  P- 

National  park  publications.      {In  its  Progress  in 


the  development  of  the  national  parks  .  .  .  Washington, 
Govt,  print,  off.,  19 16.  p.  36-9) 

—  National  park  service.     Bibliography  of  books  and  mag- 
azine articles  on  national  park  subjects.      {In  its  Report, 
1917,  p.  231-49;  1918,  p.  249-60;  1919,  p.  335-47) 
— ■  National  park  publications.      {In  its  Report,  1920. 


pp.  394-99) 
Superintendent  of  documents.  Geography  and  explor- 
ations, natural  wonders,  scenery  and  national  parks :  list 
of  publications  relating  to  above  subjects  for  sale  by  Sup- 
erintendent of  documents.  Washington,  Govt,  print,  off., 
192 1.  19  p.  (Price  Hst  35,  6th  ed.) 

Official  Publications 

Uniform  rules  and  regulations  prescribed  by  the  Secretaries 
of  the  interior,  agriculture,  and  war  to  carry  out  the  pro- 
visions of  the  "Act  for  the  preservation  of  American  an- 
tiquities," approved  June  8,  1906.  [Washington,  Govt, 
print,  off.,  1906]   3  p. 

U.  S.  Biological  survey.  National  reservation  for  the  pro- 
tection of  wild  life.  By  T.  S.  Palmer.  [Washington, 
Govt,  print  off.,  1912]  32  p.  {Its  Circular  no.  'B>y) 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  143 

"Of  the  16  national  parks,  10  may  properly  be  considered 
game  refuges." 

Bibliography :  National  game  preserves  and  other  refuges ; 
National  bird  reservations,  pp.  21-9. 
—  Report  of  the  chief  of  the  Bureau  of  biological 


survey,  1906 — Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,   1907- 

[Contains  annual  review  of  the  progress  of  game   protection  in 
the  national  parks  and  elsewhere] 

Bureau  of  fisheries.     Report  of  the  commissioner.  .  .  . 


Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1873 

The  Bureau  of  fisheries  cooperates  in  stocking  the  streams 
and  lakes  in  the  national  parks.  Fish  hatcheries  are  main- 
tained in  some  of  them. 

Congress.     House.     Committee  on  appropriations.     Sun- 


dry civil  appropriation  bill,  1922.  Hearings  .  .  .  Wash- 
ington, Govt,  print,  off.,  1920. 

"National  park  service,"  pp.  1928-2058. 

— ■  Committee  on  military  affairs.     Mammoth 

Cave  national  park.  Hearing  ,  .  .  on  H.  R.  1666,  estab- 
lishing the  Mammoth  Cave  national  park  [Feb.  i,  1912] 
Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1912.  26  p. 

Comvnttee  on  public  lands.      [Hearings  and  re- 


ports, arranged  chronologically] 
Hearings.  .  .  .  January  11,  1905,  for  pres- 
ervation of  prehistoric  ruins  on  the  public  lands.  Creation 
of  the  Pajarito  cliff  dwellers  national  park  in  New  Mexico 
and  the  Mesa  Verde  national  park  in  Colorado,  also  full 
text  of  each  bill  as  reported  by  the  Committee,  the  same 
being  S.  5603,  H.  R.  7269  and  5986.  .  .  .  Washington, 
Govt,  print,  off.,  1905.  39  p. 
— Prehistoric  ruins   on  public  lands.     Report 


to  accompany  S.  5603  [for  preservation  of  historic  and  pre- 
historic ruins,  monuments,  archaeological  objects  and  other 
antiquities]  Jan.  19,  1905.     Washington,  Govt,  print,  off., 


144  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

1905.  10  p.      (58th  Cong.,  3d  sess.  House.  Rept.  3704) 

Serial  4761 
To  authorize  Secretar}^  of  the  interior  to  make  temporary 
withdrawal  of  land  containing  such  ruins  .  .   .  and  to  have 
care  and  custody  of  same.     Bibliography:  p.  8-10. 

Preservation  of  American  antiquities.     Re- 


port to  accompany  H.  R.  11016.  ■Mar.  12,  1906.  [Wash- 
ington, Govt,  print,  off.,  1906]  8  p.  (59th  Cong.,  ist 
sess.       House.  Rept.  2224)      Serial  4906 

[Contains  a  list  of  ruins  grouped  in  various  districts,  which  were 
thought  of  sufficient  historic  and  scientific  interest  and  scenic 
beauty  to  warrant  their  organization  into  permanent  national 
parks] 

.   .  .  Glacier      national      park  .   .   .  Report 

[To  accompany  S.  5648]  [Washington,  Govt,  print,  off., 
1909]  6  p.      (60th  Cong.,  2d  sess.     House.  Rept.  2100) 

Serial  5384. 

•  San  Francisco  and  Hetch  Hetchy  reservoir, 

hearings  Jan.  9 — [21]  1909,  on  H.  J.  ,R.  223  [to  allow  city 
and  county  of  San  Francisco  to  exchange  lands  for  reservoir 
sites  in  Lake  Eleanor  and  Hetch  Hetchy  valleys  in  Yosem- 
ite  national  park,  etc.]  Washington,  Govt,  print,  off., 
1909.     426  p. 

.  .  .  Glacier     national     park,     Mont.  .  .   . 

Report.  [To  accompany  S.  2'/'/'/']  .  .  .  [Washington, 
Govt,  print,  off.,  1910]  6  p.  (6ist  Cong.,  2d  sess.  House. 
Rept.  ySy)  Serial  5592. 

.  .  .  Glacier  national  park,  ]\Iont.  .  .  .  Re- 
port. [To  accompany  H.  R.  1679]  [Washington,  Govt, 
print,  off.,  1912]  II  p.  (62d  Cong.,  2d  sess.  House.  Rept. 
812)  Serial  6132. 

—  Establishment  of  a   National  park  sen^ice. 

Hearing  .  .  .  on  H.  R.  22995,  ^  bill  to  establish  a  national 
park  service,  and  for  other  purposes,  Wednesday,  April 
24,   1912.     Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,    1912.  34  p. 

Tioga    road    in    Yosemite    national    park. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  145 

Hearings  before  the  subcommittee.  .  .  .  March   18,   191 2, 
on  H.  R.  2 1 718  and  21719.     Statements  by  Hon.  John  B. 
Curtin  .  .  ,  and  Mr.   Aldis  B.   Browne  .  .  .  Washington, 
Govt,  print,  off.,  1912.      19  p. 
Western    boundary    of    Yosemite    national 


park.  Hearings  .  .  .  March  20,  1912  on  H.  R.  21954. 
Statement  of  Hon.  John  B.  Curtin,  of  Sonora,  Gal.  Wash- 
ington, Govt,  print,  off.,  1912,     13  p. 

Yosemite  national  park.  Hearing  on  21535 

.  .  .  March    20,    19 12.      [Washington,  Govt,   print,    off., 
1912]     6  p. 
National     park     service.  Hearing  ...  on 


H.  R.  104,  a  bill  to  establish  a  National  park  service  and  for 
other  purposes.  April  29,  1914.  Washington,  Govt,  print, 
off.,  1914.     81  p. 

Rock}^     Mountain     national     park.     Hear- 
ing .  .  .  on  S.  6309,  a  bill  to  establish  the  Rocky  Mountain 
national  park  in  the  State  of  Colorado,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses.    Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  191 5.     75  p. 
.  .   .  Rocky   Mountain   national    park,    Col- 


orado .  .  .  Report.  [To  accompany  S.  6309]  [Wash- 
ington, Govt,  print,  off.,  1915]  48  p.  (63d  Cong.,  3d 
sess.  House.  Rept.  1275)  Serial  6766 

—   .  .  .  Lassen    volcanic    national    park  .  ,  . 

Report.      [To  accompany  H.  ,R.  348]      [Washington,  Govt. 

print,   off.,    1916]      24  p.      (64th  Cong.,    ist  sess.   House. 

Rept.  749)  Serial  6905 

National  park  in  the  territory  of  Hawaii. 


Hearing  .  .  .  on  H.  R.  9525  .  .  .  Feb.  3,   1916.     Wash- 
ington, Govt,  print,  off.,  19 16.     30  p. 

National    park    service.     Hearing  ...  on 

H.  R.  434  and  H.  R.  8668,  bills  to  establish  a  national  park 
service  and  for  other  purposes,  April  5  and  6,  1916.     ^"\^ash- 
ington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1916.     186  p. 
.  .  .  National     park     service.  .  .  ,  Report 


[To  accompany  H.  R.  15522]      [W^ashington,  Govt,  print. 


146  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

off.,  1916]     7  p.      (64th  Cong.,  1st  sess.  House.  Rept.  700) 

Serial  6904 
Mt.  Baker  national  park,  Washington.     .Re- 


port to  accompany  H.  R.  9805.  [Washington,  Govt,  print, 
off.,  1917]  8  p.  (64th  Cong.,  26.  sess.  House.  Rept. 
1372)  Serial  71 10 
Mt.  McKinley  national  park,  Alaska.  Re- 
port to  accompany  S.  5716.  [Washington,  Govt,  print, 
off.,  1917]  2  p.  (64th  Cong.,  2d  sess.  House.  Rept.  1273). 

Serial  71 10 
Sawtooth  national  park,  Idaho.     Report  to 


accompany  H.  R.  6799.  Washington,  Govt,  print,  off., 
1917.  II  p.  plates.  (64th  Cong.,  2d  sess.  House.  Rept. 
1356)  Serial  71 10 

Grand    Canyon   national   park.     Report   to 

accompany  S.  390,  Oct.  18,  1918.     Washington,  Govt,  print. 

off.,    1918.     10  p.      (65th   Cong.,   2d   sess.   House.   .Rept 

832)  Serial  7308 

•  Change  name  of  Sequoia  national  park  to 


Roosevelt  national  park.     Report  to  accompany  S.   2021. 

[Washington,    Govt,    print,    off.,    1919]     6,    7   p.      (65th 

Cong.,  3d  sess.  House.  Rept.  1063)  Serial  7455 

Lafayette  national  park.     Report  to  accom- 


pany S.  4957.      [Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  19 19]  5  p. 

(66th  Cong.,  3d  sess.  House.  Rept.  932)  Serial  7454 
Zion  national  park.     Report  to  accompany 

S.    425.      [Washington,    Govt,    print,    off.,    1919]        3   p. 

(66th  Cong.,  1st  sess.  House.  ,Rept.  262)  Serial  7593 
National  redwood  park.     Report  to  accom- 


pany H.  Res.  159.      [Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1920] 
2  p.      (66th  Cong.,  2d  sess.  House.  Rept.  871) 

Serial  7656 
Senate.     Committee  on  public  lands.  .  .  .  Pres- 
ervation   of    historic    and    prehistoric    ruins,    etc.     Hear- 
ings before  the  subcommittee  of  the  Committee  on  public 
lands  .  .  .  consisting    of     Senators     Fulton     (chairman). 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  147 

Bard,  and  Newlands,  on  the  bill  (S.  4127)  .  .  .  and  the 
bill  (S.  5603)  .  .  .  April  28,  1904 — Washington,  Govt, 
print,  off.,  1904.  30  p.  (58th  Cong.,  2d  sess.  Senate.  Doc. 
no.  314)  Serial  4592 
...  To  establish  Glacier  national  park  in 


Montana  .  .  .  Report.  [To  accompany  S.  5648]  [Wash- 
ington, Govt,  print,  off.,  1908]  5  p.  plates,  fold.  map. 
(60th  Cong.,  I  St  sess.  Senate.  Rept.  580) 

Serial  5219 

Hetch  Hetchy  reservoir  site,  Hearing  [Feb. 

10,  12,  1909]  on  S.  J.  R.  123,  to  allow  city  and  county  of 
San  Francisco  to  exchange  lands  for  reservoir  sites  in  Lake 
Eleanor  and  Hetch  Hetchy  valleys  in  Yosemite  national 
park  [etc.]     Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,   1909.     160  p. 

.  .  .  Glacier  national  park  in  Montana  .  .  . 


Report.  [To  accompany  S.  '2j'jy^  .  .  .  [Washington, 
Govt,  print,  off.,  1910]  5  p.  10  pi.,  fold,  map.  (6ist 
Cong.,  2d  sess.  Senate.  Rept.  106)  Serial  5582 

Bureau    of    national    parks.     Hearing  . 


on  S.  3463,  a  bill  to  establish  a  bureau  ot  national  parks 
and  for  other  purposes.  April  17,  1912.  .  .  .  Washington, 
Govt,  print,  off.,  1912.     9  p. 

[Statement  of  Walter  L.  Fisher,  Secretary  of  the  Interior] 
Bureau    of    national    parks.     Report.     To 


accompany  S.  3463.      [Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1912] 

6  p.     (62d  Cong.,  2d  sess.  Senate.  ,Rept.  (yj^^ 

Serial  6121 
.  .  .  Lassen    volcanic    national    park.  ,  .  . 

Report.      [To  accompany  H.  R.  348]      [Washington,  Govt. 

print,  off.,   1916]     23  p.     (64th  Cong.,    ist  sess.   Senate. 

Rept.  536)  Serial  6899 

Appended  is  House  report  no.  749,  64th  Cong.,   ist  sess. 

Report  to  accompany  H.  R.  348. 
.  .  .  National    park    service.  .  .  .  Report. 


148  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

[To  accompany  H.  R.  15522]      [Washington,  Govt,  print. 

off.,    1916]     4  p.      (64th   Cong.,    1st  sess.    Senate.    Rept. 

662)  Serial  6899 

•  Grand  Canyon  national  park,  Arizona.     .Re- 


port to  accompany  S.  8250.  [Washington,  Govt,  print, 
off.,  19 1 7]  3  p.  (64th  Cong.,  26.  sess.  Senate.  Rept. 
1082)  Serial  7106 
Grand  Canyon  national  park.  Report  to  ac- 
company S.  390.  .  .  .  [Washington,  Govt,  print  off.,  1918] 
3  p.      (65th  Cong.,  2d  sess.  Senate.  Rept.  321) 

Serial  7304 
Lafayette  national  park.     Report  to  accom- 


pany S.  4957.      [Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1918]      i  p. 

(65th  Cong.,  2d  sess.  Senate.  Rept.  576)  Serial  7304 
Mount  Desert  national  park.  Me.     Report 

to   accompany   S.    4569.      [Washington,    Govt,   print,    off., 

1918]     2  p.      (65th  Cong.,  2d  sess.  Senate.  .Rept.  503) 

Serial  7304 
Sequoia  national   park.     Report  to   accom- 


pany S.  2021.      [Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,   1919]     4 
p.      (65th   Cong.,   3d   sess.    Senate.   Rept.   647) 

Serial  7452 
Zion  national  park,   Utah.     Report  to   ac- 
company  S.   425.      [Washington,   Govt,   print,   off.,    1919] 
2  p.     (66th  Cong.,  1st  sess.  Senate.  Rept.  22) 

Serial  7590 
Acceptance   of    cession    of    jurisdiction    of 


Yosemite,  Sequoia,  and  General  Grant  national  parks,  Calif. 
Report  to  accompany  H.  R.  12044.  Washington,  Govt, 
print,  off.,  1920.  I  p.  (66th  Cong.,  2d  sess.  Senate. 
Rept.  590)  Serial  7649 

Roosevelt  national  park.  .Report  to  accom- 
pany S.  1 39 1.  Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1920.  4  p. 
r66th  Cong.,  2d  sess.  Senate.  Rept.  452)  Serial  7649 

Dept.  of  the  interior.     [Publications  relating  to  national 


parks  in  general] 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 


149 


Annual  reports  of  the  Department  of  the  inte- 
rior .  .  .  [with  accompanying  documents]  Washington, 
Govt,  print,  off.,  [etc.]  1849-19 — plates,  ports,  maps  (part 
fold.)   fold,  plans,  fold,  tables. 

Up  to  191 5  these  reports  included  the  annual  reports  of  the 
superintendents  of  the  various  parks.  In  19 15  the  report 
of  the  General  superintendent  and  landscape  engineer  pre- 
ceded the  reports  of  the  superintendents.  In  19 16,  ex- 
cerpts from  reports  of  supervisors  of  national  parks  were 
printed  with  the  first  annual  report  of  the  Superintendent 
of  national  parks. 

Annual  report  of  the  Superintendent  of  national 


parks  to  the  Secretary  of  the  interior  for  the  fiscal  year 
ended  June  30,  1916.  Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1916. 
89  p. 

[The  Superintendent  of  national  parks  was  the  successor  of  the 
General  superintendent  and  landscape  engineer  of  national  parks] 

Improvement  and  management  of  national  parks. 


Letter  from,  the  Secretary  of  the  treasury,  transmitting  a 
copy  of  a  communication  from  the  Secretary  of  the  interior 
relating  to  the  administration  of  the  appropriations  for  the 
improvement  and  management  of  national  parks,  and  sub- 
mitting an  item  of  legislation  relating  thereto.  [Wash- 
ington, Govt,  print,  off.,  19 16]  22  p.  inch  tables.  (64th 
Cong.,  I  St  sess.  House.  Doc.  515)  Serial  7098 

National  park  conference,  ist,  Yellowstone  national  park, 
Sept.  11-12,  1911.  Proceedings  of  the  first  National  park 
conference  .  .  .  Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1912.     209 

P- 

[This  conference  was  called  by  Walter  L.  Fisher,  Secretary  of  the 
interior,  and  was  made  up  of  departmental  officials,  superin- 
tendents of  parks,  representatives  of  railroads,  and  others.  Ways 
were  sought  of  improving  and  popularizing  the  great  playgrounds 
of  America.  As  a  result  of  the  conference  numerous  illustrated 
pamphlets  were  published] 
National  park  conference,  2d,  Yosemite  national  park,  Oct. 
14-16,    19 1 2.     Proceedings   of    the    second    National   park 


I50  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

conference  .  .  .  Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  19 13.  144 
p. 

[Consists  mainly  of  a  discussion  regarding  the  advisability  of  ad- 
mitting automobiles  to  the  national  parks] 

National  park  conference,  3d,  Berkeley,  Cal,  Mar.  11-13,  191 5. 
Proceedings  of  the  third  National  park  conference.  .  .  . 
Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  191 5.      166  p. 

Discussion  of  national  park  problems  by  officers  of  the  gov- 
ernment and  others. 

National  park  conference,  4th,  Washington,  D.  C.,  Jan.  2-6, 
19 1 7.  Proceedings  of  the  fourth  National  park  confer- 
ence. .  .  .  Washington,   Govt,  print,  off.,   1917.      100   (  ?) 

P- 

National  park  pictures  collected  and  exhibited  by 

the  Department  of  the  interior.  [Washington,  Govt,  print, 
off.,   1911]      15  p. 

"'This  collection  of  pictures  has  been  assembled  for  free 
exhibition  at  public  libraries  and  other  institutions."     cf. 

P-  I- 

National  park  service  in  the  District  of  Columbia 

.  .  .  communication  from  the  Secretary  of  the  interior  sub- 
mitting an  estimate  of  appropriations  for  the  administration 
in  the  District  of  Columbia  of  the  National  park  service 
created  by  the  act  of  Congress,  approved  Aug.  25,  1916. 
Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  19 16.  2  p.  (64th  Cong., 
1st  sess.  House.  Doc.  no.  1349)  Serial  7102 

National  parks  portfolio.     Department  of  the  in- 


terior.     [New  York,  C.  Scribner's  sons,  1916]     9  p. 

nine  illustrated  pamphlets  with  4  pages  of  introductory  text, 

in  portfolio,  describing  the  various  national  parks. 
Procedure  in  matters  relating  to  the  national  parks 

and    the    Hot    Springs    reservation.      [Washington,    Govt. 

print,  off.,  191 1  ]     3  p. 
Progress  in  the  development  of  the  national  parks, 


by  Stephen  T.  Mather,  assistant  to  the  Secretary  of  the  in- 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  151 

terior.     Washington,   Govt,   print,   off.,   19 16.     39  p.   incl. 
illus.    (map)   tables. 

Regulations    governing    rangers    in    the   national 


park.     Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,   1915.     3  p. 
—  Report  of  the  general   superintendent  and  land- 
scape engineer  of  national  parks  to  the  Secretary  of  the  in- 
terior .  .  .   1915.     Washington,    Govt,    print,    off.,    1915. 

31  P- 
Report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  interior  .  .  .  Wash- 


ington, Govt,  print,  off.,  1849- 


Prior  to  1907,  these  reports  included  information  concern- 
ing minor  parks  and  national  monuments,  and  summaries 
of  reports  on  the  several  parks.  Beginning  in  1907,  only 
a  general  review  of  Park  affairs  has  been  included. 

Rules,  regulations  and  instructions  for  the  infor- 
mation and  guidance  of  officers  and  enlisted  men  of  the 
United  States  army,  and  of  the  scouts  doing  duty  in  the 
Yellowstone  national  park  .  .  .  Washington,  Govt,  print, 
off.,  1907.  35  p. 

Use    of    automobiles    in    national   parks.     Letter 


from  the  acting  secretary  of  the  interior,  transmitting  in- 
formation in  response  to  Senate  resolution  of  March  9, 
1912.      [Washington,  1912]     7  p. 

[Publications  relating  to  individual  parks] 

General  information  regarding  Casa  Grande  ruin, 

Arizona  .  .  .  [Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  19 13]  31 
p.  incl.  plans. 

"This  circular  is  an  abstract  of  a  detailed  report  by  J.  W. 
Fewkes,  published  in  the  Twenty-eighth  annual  report  of 
the  Bureau  of  American  ethnology."  cf.  p.   [i] 
Proceedings  before  the  secretary  of  the  interior. 


In  re  applications  of  A.  H.  Ward  and  the  Mariposa  electrical 
power  company  of  California  for  right  of  way  under  the 
regulations  prescribed  under  the  act  of  February  15,  1901 
(31   Stats.,  790),  over  government  lands  in  the  Yosemite 


152  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

national  park.  In  re  James  D.  Phelan,  applicant,  for  rights 
of  way  in  Hetch  Hetchy  Valley  and  Lake  Eleanor  in 
the  Yosemite  national  park.  Petition  for  review  by  the  city 
and  county  of  San  Francisco.  Washington,  Govt,  print, 
off.,  1903.       71  p.  fold,  diagr. 

Report  on  Sullys  Hill  park,  Casa  Grande  ruin; 


the  Muir  woods,  petrified  forest,  and  other  national  monu- 
ments, including  list  of  bird  reserves.  1915-  Washington, 
Govt,  print,  off.,   1915.     65  p. 

Report  on  Wind  Cave,  Crater  Lake,  Sullys  Hill. 

Piatt,  and   Mesa  Verde  national  parks  and   Casa  Grande 

ruin.      1907,     Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,   1908.     12  p. 

Report  on  Wind  Cave,  Crater  Lake,  Sullys  Hill, 


and  Piatt  national  parks,  Casa  Grande  ruin  and  Minnesota 
national  forest  reserve.  1908.  Washington,  Govt,  print, 
off.,  1909.       20  p.  2  pi. 

Rules  and  regulations  for  the  government  of  all 

bath  houses   receiving  hot  water   from  the  United   States 
reservation  at  Hot  Springs,  Ark.  .  .  .  December  14,  1909. 
[Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1909]     4  p. 
— •  Engineer  dept.     Reports  of  the  Chief  of  engineers,  U. 


S.  army  .  .  .  Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  19 — 

[These  contain  reports  of  officers  in  charge  of  road  work  in  parks] 

—  Forest  service.     Annual  report  of  the  Forester.     Wash- 
ington, Govt,  print,  off.,  i 


Information  concerning  cooperation  in  park  service. 

■  National    forests    and    national    parks.     United 

States,  Alaska,  and  Porto  Rico,      [map,  with  insets]      1907. 
17.5x28.5,  5x6.8,  2.1x4.7  in. 
—  General    land    oMce.     Report    of    the    Commissioner, 


1848-     Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,   1849- 

[Includes  information  concerning  surveys  and  disposition  of  public 
lands  out  of  which  national  parks  and  monuments  are  reserved] 

—  Geological  survey.     Folios  of  the  geologic  atlas  of  the 
United  States. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  153 

Folios  have  been  published  of  the  Yellowstone  national  park, 
Lassen  peak,  and  others. 

—  Water  analyses  from  the  laboratory  of  the  United 


States    Geological  survey  .  .   .  Washington,    Govt,    print, 

off.,   1 9 14.     40  p.  (Water  supply  paper  364) 

Published   also  as  House  document    1082,   63d   Congress, 
2d  session. 

[Gives  analyses   of   waters   of   mineral   springs   in   various   parts 
of  the  country,  including  Yellowstone  national  park] 

—  Jiidge-advocatc-gcneraV s  dcpt.     {Army)   United  States 


military    reservations,    national    cemeteries,    and    military 

parks.     Title,      jurisdiction,      etc.  .  .  .  Rev.      ed. :     1916. 

Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1916.     544  p.      (War  dept. 

doc.  no.  496) 
—  Laws,  statutes,  etc.     [Laws  and  regulations]     An  act 

to  establish  a  National  park  service,  and  for  other  purposes. 

Approved  Aug.  25,  1916.      (Stat.  L.  ch.  408,  p.  535) 
Laws  and  regulations  relating  to  the  Crater  Lake 


national  park,  Oregon  .  .  .  Washington,  Govt,  print,  off., 
1908.     13  p. 

— '  ■  Laws,    regulations,   and    general    information    re- 
lating to  Glacier  national  park,   Montana.     19 10.     Wash- 
ington, Govt,  print,  off.,   191 1.     10  p.  map. 
— •  Laws  and  regulations  relating  to  the  Hot  Springs 


reservation,  Hot  Springs,  Ark.     Washington,  Govt,  print, 
off.,  1908.     44  p. 

Laws  and  regulations  relating  to  the  Mesa  Verde 

national  park,  Colorado  .  .  .  Washington,  Govt,  print,  off., 
1908.     16  p. 
Laws  and  regulations  relating  to  the  Mount  Rainier 


national  park,  Washington.  .  .  .  Washington,  Govt,  print, 
off.,  1908.     22  p. 

Laws  and  regulations  relating  to  the  Piatt  national 

park,  Oklahoma  .  .  .  Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1908. 

15  P- 


154  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 
Laws  and  regulations  relating  to  the  Sequoia  and 


General  Grant  national  parks,  California  .  .  .  Washington, 
Govt,  print,  off.,  1908.     14  p. 
Laws  and  regulations  relating  to  the  Wind  Cave 


national  park.  South  Dakota  .  .  .  Washington,  Govt,  print, 
off.,  1908.     14  p. 

Laws  and  regulations  relating  to  the  Yellowstone 

national    park,    Wyoming  .  .  .  W^ashington,    Govt,    print, 
off.,  1908.     22  p. 

Laws  and  regulations  relating  to  the  Yosemite  na- 


tional park,  Cahfornia.  .  .  .  Washington,  Govt,  print,  off., 

1908.     23  p. 
— ■  National  park  service.     Report  of  the  director  of  the 

National  park  service  to  the  Secretary  of  the  interior,  19 17- 

Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  19 17- 
General  information  regarding-  Casa  Grande  na- 


tional monument,  Arizona.  Washington,  Govt,  print,  off., 
1919.     31  p. 

•  General  information  regarding  Crater  Lake  na- 
tional park,  season  of  1912-1919.  Washington,  Govt,  print, 
off.,  1912-19.     8  V. 

Continued  by  Rules  and  regulations,  Crater  Lake  national 
park,  1920- 

General   information   regarding   Glacier   national 


park.     Season   of    1912-1919.     Washington,    Govt,   print. 

off.,  1912-19.     8  V. 

Continued  by  Rules  and  regulations  Glacier  national  park, 

1920- 

—  General  information  regarding  the  Hot  Springs 

of  Arkansas.     Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,   1919     14  p. 
Continued  by  Rules  and  regulations  governing  Hot  Springs 
reservation,  19 19- 
General  information   regfarding  Mesa   Verde   na- 


-&' 


tional  park,  season  of  1912-1919.     Washington,  Govt,  print, 
off.,  1912-19.     8  V. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 


155 


Continued  by  Rules  and  regulations  Mesa  Verde  national 
park,  1920- 

General  information  regarding  Mount  Rainier  na- 
tional park.  Season  of  1912-1919,  Washington,  Govt, 
print,  off.,  1912-19.     8  v. 

Continued  by  Rules  and  regulations  Mount  Rainier  national 
park,  1920- 
General  information  regarding  Sequoia  and  Gen- 


eral Grant  national  parks.     Season  of  1912-1919.     Wash- 
ington, Govt,  print,  off.,  1912-19.     8  v. 
Continued  by  .Rules  and  regulations   Sequoia  and  General 
Grant  national  parks,   1920- 
General   information   regarding   Wind   Cave   na- 


tional  park.     Season   of    1915-1919.     Washington,    Govt, 
print,  off.,  1915-19-     5  V. 

Continued  by  Rules  and  regulations,  Wind  Cave  national 
park,  1920- 

General  information  regarding  Yellowstone  na- 
tional park.  Season  of  1912-1919.  Washington,  Govt, 
print,  off.,  1912-19.     8  V. 

Continued  by  Rules  and  regulations  Yellowstone  national 
park,  1920— 
General  information  regarding:  Yosemite  national 


park.     Season    of    1912-1919.     Washington,    Govt,   print. 

off.,  1912-19.       8  V. 

Continued  by  Rules  and  regulations  Yosemite  national  park, 

1920- 

General  information  regarding  Rocky  Mountain 

national  park.     Season  of  1916-1919.     Washington,  Govt, 
print,  off.,  19 1 6- 19.     4  V. 

Continued  by  Rules  and  regulations.  Rocky  Mountain  na- 
tional park,  1920- 
General  information  regarding  the  national  monu- 


ments, set  aside  under  the  act  of  Congress  approved 
June  8,  1906.  Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.  191 7. 
Sop. 


156  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 
The  national  parks  portfolio.      [3d  ed.]     Wash- 


ington, Govt,  print,  off.,  192 1.     266  p. 

Report  on  the  proposed  Sand  Dunes  national  park, 

Indiana.     Washington,   Govt,   print,   off.,    1917.      113  p. 

[Appendices  include  hearings  on  the  project  held  at  Chicago,  Oct. 
30,  1916,  miscellaneous  letters,  resolutions  and  other  documents] 

Report  on  Piatt  and  Wind  Cave  national  parks, 


Sullys  Hill  park,  Casa  Grande  ruin,  Muir  Woods,  Petrified 
Forest,  and  other  national  monuments,  including  list  of  bird 
reserves.     191 1-  .  .  .  Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1912- 

Rules   and   regulations.    Grand    Canyon    national 

park,   1920-     Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,   1920- 
Rules  and   regulations,   Lafayette  national   park, 


192 1-     Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,   192 1— 

Statement  of  appropriations  1879-19 18,  inclusive, 

for  national  parks  and  national  monuments  under  the  juris- 
diction of   the   Secretary   of  the  interior.     Comp  ...  by 
Mae  A.  Schnurr.     Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1917.  20  p. 
—  Oifice  of  public  roads.     Report  of  the  director.     Wash- 


ington, Govt,  print,  off.,  1897- 

[Information  regarding  road  surveys  in  national  parks] 

—  Superintendent  of  Crater  Lake  national  park.  Report. 
1903-1906,  1910-1915.  Washington,  Govt,  print  off., 
1903-1915.     10  V. 

Reports  for  1907-1909  are  included  in  the  Report [s]  on 
Wind  Cave,  Crater  Lake,  Sullys  Hill,  Piatt  and  Mesa  Verde 
national  parks  .  .  .   1907- 1909. 

[During  1916  the  administration  of  the  national  parks  was  assigned 
to  the  Superintendent  of  national  parks,  who  in  his  report  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  for  1916,  included  excerpts  from  the  re- 
ports of  officers  in  charge  of  national  parks.  In  April,  1917,  the 
United  States  national  park  service  was  organized  and  since  1917 
full  reports  of  officers  in  charge  of  national  parks  will  be  found 
in  the  reports  of  the  national  park  service] 

—  Superintendent  of  Glacier  national  park.     Report  .  .  . 


1911-1915.     Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1911-15.     5  v. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  157 

—  Superintendent  of  Hot  Springs  reservation.  Report 
.  .  .  1877-1915.  Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1877-1915. 
26  V. 

Superintendent  of  Mesa  Verde  national  park.     Report. 


1908- 191 5.     Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1908-15.     8  v. 
Superintendent  of  Mount  Rainier  national  park.     Re- 


port.    1909/10-1915.     Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1910- 
15.     6  V. 

Superintendent    of    national    parks.     Annual     report. 


See  U.   S.   Dept.   of  the   interior.     Annual   report  of   the 
Superintendent  of  national  parks  .  .  .   19 16. 

Superintendent  of  Piatt  national  park.     Report.     191 3- 

1915.     Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1914-15-3  v. 

Earlier  reports  concerning  this  park  were  made  by  the  Dept.  of 
the  interior.  (Before  1906  the  park  was  called  Sulphur  Springs 
reservation) 

Superintendent   of  Sequoia   and   Gen.    Grant   national 


parks.     Report  .  .  .    1892-1915.     Washington  Govt,  print. 

off.,  1892-15. 
■  Superintendent  of  Wind  Cave  national  park.     Report. 

1913/14-     Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1914-15. 
— ■  Superintendent  of  Yellowstone  national  park.     .Report. 

.  .  .   1872-1915.     Washington,   Govt,   print,   off.,   1873-15. 

39  V. 

For  reports  of  1873-1874  see  Annual  report  of  Secretary  of  the 
interior.     Apparently  no   reports  were  printed  in   1875  and   1884. 

Superintendent    of    Yosemite    national    park.     Report 

.  .  .  1891-1915.  Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1899-15. 
23  V. 

■  War  dept.     New  roads  in  Yellowstone  national  park. 

Letter  from  the  acting  Secretary  of  war,  transmitting  infor- 
mation, in  response  to  Senate  resolution  of  April  2,  19 12, 
relative  to  the  cost  of  constructing  new  roads  in  the  Yellow- 
stone national  park.  .  .  .  Washington,  Govt,  print,  off., 
1912.     27  p. 


158  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

Regulations   for  the  national  military  parks  and 


the  statutes  under  which  they  were  organized  and  are  ad-- 
ministered.     1914.     Washington,    Govt,    print,    off.,    1914'. 
41  p. 

Stationing  of  troops  of  the  regular  army  in  na- 
tional parks.  Letter  transmitting  copy  of  a  letter  from  ex- 
secretary  Garrison  in  regard  to  stationing  troops  of  the 
regular  army  in  national  parks.  June  4,  19 17.  Washing- 
ton, Govt,  print  off.,  1917.  5  p.  (65th  Cong.,  ist  sess. 
House.  Doc.  174)  Serial  7300 
Yosemite  park  commission.     Report  of  Yosemite  park 


commission.  Letter  from  the  Secretary  of  the  interior, 
transmitting  the  report  of  the  Yosemite  park  commission 
appointed  to  ascertain  what  portions  of  said  park  are  not 
necessary  for  park  purposes,  and  also  at  what  place  a  sub- 
stantial road  can  be  built  from  the  boundary  of  said  park 
to  the  Yosemite  Valley  grant,  together  with  maps,  etc.  .  .  . 
[Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1904]  51  p.  plates,  fold, 
maps,  fold.  tab.      (58th  Cong.,  3d  sess.     Senate.  Doc.  34) 

Serial  4764 

Yard,  Robert  S.     Glimpses  of  our  national  parks  3d  ed.  .  .  . 

Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  1920.  y2  p.  illus.  (incl.  map) 

Unofficial  Publications  :  Books  and  Pamphlets 

Allen,  Edward  F.  ed.  A  guide  to  the  national  parks  of 
America  .  .  .  Rev.  ed.  New  York,  McBride,  Nast  &  Com- 
pany,   1918.     338  p. 

American  civic  association.  Dept.  of  national  and  state  parks. 
National  parks  :  President  Taft  on  a  national  parks  bureau, 
address  to  the  American  civic  association.  National  parks 
—the  need  of  the  future,  address  by  Ambassador  Bryce. 
The  need  for  a  bureau  of  national  parks,  addresses  by  Hon. 
Walter  L.  Fisher  .  .  ,  Are  national  parks  worth  while? 
Address  by  Mr.  J.  Horace  McFarland  .  .  .  Washington, 
D.  C,  Dept.  of  national  and  state  parks,  American  civic 
association  [19 12]  30  [2]  p.      (American  civic  association. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 


159 


[Pamphlets]   series  II,  no.  6,  Dec.    1912) 

Includes  addresses  on  the  subject  delivered  at  the  191 1  and 

19 1 2  conventions  of  the  American  civic  association. 

Branson,  Isaac  R.  Yosemite  against  corporation  greed;  shall 
half  of  Yosemite  national  park  be  destroyed  by  San  Fran- 
cisco? A  thesis  against  it,  by  I.  R.  Branson.  Ex-Secre- 
tary of  the  interior  Garfield's  decision  review  .  .  .  Aurora, 
Neb.,  I.  R.  Branson,  1909.      [30]  p. 

Bryce,  James  Bryce,  viscount.  National  parks — the  need  of 
the  future.  (In  his  University  and  historical  addresses). 
New  York,  1913.     p.  391-406. 

[Praises  the  national  park  system,  advises  against  the  use  of 
automobiles  in  national  parks,  and  recommends  creation  of  ad- 
ditional parks] 

Chittenden,  Hiram  M.  The  Yellowstone  national  park,  his- 
torical and  descriptive.  New  enl.  ed.  Cincinnati,  Stewart, 
1915.     350  p. 

[Contains  chapters  on  discovery  and  later  explorations,  the  na- 
tional park  idea,  administrative  history  of  the  park,  etc.] 

Gauss,  H.  C.  National  parks.  (In  his  American  govern- 
ment.    New  York,  1908.     p.  693-705) 

Gleason,  H.  W.  National  parks  and  monuments.  Address 
.  .  .  Jan.  3,  19 1 7.  Washington,  Govt,  print,  off.,  19 17. 
II  p. 

Hall,  Ansel  F.  ed.  Handbook  of  Yosemite  national  park. 
New  York,  Putnam,  192 1.     347  p. 

Mills,  Enos  A.  Your  national  parks  .  .  .  with  information 
to  tourists,  by  Laurence  F.  Schmeckebier.  Boston,  Hough- 
ton Mifflin  company,  191 7.     531  p. 

Muir,  John.  Our  national  parks.  New  and  enl.  ed.,  fully 
illustrated.  Boston  and  New  York,  Houghton  Mifflin  com- 
pany, 1909.     382  p. 

Palmer,  T.  S.  National  monuments  as  wild-life  sanctuaries. 
Address  .  .  .  Jan.  4,  191 7.  Washington,  Govt,  print,  off., 
1917.     20  p. 


i6o  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

Senn,  Nicholas.  Our  national  recreation  parks  .  .  .  With 
fifty  illustrations.  Chicago,  W.  B.  Conkey  company,  1904. 
3  p.  1.,  II-I47P. 

Yard,  Robert  S.  The  book  of  the  national  parks.  New 
York,  Scribner,   1913.     420  p. 


I 


Periodical  Articles 

Beauty  of  use :  water  power  resources  essential  to  Pacific 
states  limited  by  proposed  enlargement  of  national  parks. 
Electrical  world,  Dec.  18,  1920,  v.  76:  1201-3. 

Bryce,  James  Bryce,  viscount.  National  parks — the  need  of 
the  future.     Outlook,  Dec.  14,  1912,  v.  102:     81 1-5. 

[Commends  the  management  of  some  of  our  national  parks,  and 
recommends   creation   of  additional  parks] 

Chamberlain,  A.  Scenery  as  a  national  asset.  Outlook,  May 
28,  19 10,  V.  95  :     157-69. 

[Urges  that  the  government  use  the  national  parks  as  a  money- 
producing  asset  as  Switzerland  does] 

Claudy,  C.  H.  Our  national  parks,  playgrounds  for  the 
people  unsurpassed  in  the  world.  Scientific  American  sup- 
plement, Nov.  II,  1916,  V.  82:  312-13. 

[Reports  the  passage  of  the  National  parks  service  bill  and  em- 
phasizes the  need  for  such  a  service  in  caring  for  our  parks.  In- 
cludes tabular  statements  concerning  the  national  parks  and  monu- 
ments, administered  by  the  Interior,  Agricultural  and  War  de- 
partments] 

Controversy  over  use  of  water  of  national  parks.  Engineer- 
ing news,  May  5,  192 1,  v.  86:  777-8. 

Curtis,  W.  E.  Our  national  parks  and  reservations.  Ameri- 
can academy  of  political  and  social  science.  Annals,  March, 
1910,  V.  35:    231-40. 

[Reserves  described  are  of  national  forests,  national  parks,  national 
game  preserves,  national  monuments  and  small  game  preserves.] 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  i6i 

Cutler,  J.   E.     Nation's  playgrounds.     Suburban  life,  June, 
1913,  V.   16:     445-6. 

[Descriptive   article   concerning  the   national  parks] 

Dean,   W.  H.     Advertising  America.     Outing,  Aug.,    19 16, 
V.  68:     461-9. 

["Uncle  Sam  telling  his  people  about  their  national  parks  in 
language  they  can  understand."  Account  of  the  work  of  Stephen 
T.  Mather,  assistant  secretary  of  the  interior,  in  giving  publicity 
to  America's  great  playgrounds.  Description  of  the  descriptive 
booklets  and  portofolios  of  the  national  parks] 

Our  national  parks —  a  seven  reel  feature  [photographs 

by  Herford  T.  Cowling]  Sunset,  June,  1916,  v.  36:  19-23, 
69-70. 

[How  the  photographs  and  moving  picture  films  are  secured  by 
Mr.  Cowling  for  use  in  the  "See  America  first"  campaign,  in- 
augurated by  Stephen  T.  Mather,  assistant  secretary  of  the  in- 
terior] 

De  Boer,  S.  R.  Landscape  architecture  in  our  national  forests 
and  parks.     American  forestry,  Nov.   191 9,  v.  25 :     1459- 

64. 
Debt  to  the  people  [need  of  larger  appropriations  for  National 

park  service]      Saturday  evening  post,  Jan.   31,    1920,   v. 

192 :     28-29. 
Eldridge,  M.  O.     Touring  Yellowstone  park  on  government 

highways.     World  to-day,  Nov.   1910,  v.   19:     1263-72. 

There  are  416  miles  of  government  roads  in  the  Yellowstone  Park 
and  adjacent  national  forests;  and  150  miles  of  horseback  trails 
for  use  of  tourists  and  for  troops  and  scouts  who  patrol  the  park. 
How  the  roads  are  located  and  constructed. 

Fall,  Albert  B.  Value  of  our  national  parks.  American 
forestry,  June,  1921,  v.  27:     359-70. 

Graves,  H.  S.  Crisis  in  national  recreation.  American  for- 
estry, July,  1920,  V.  26:  391-400. 

Grinnell,  J.  and  Storer,  T.  R.  Animal  life  as  an  asset  of  na- 
tional parks.     Science,  Sept.  15,  1916,  n.  s.  v.  44:  375-80. 


i62  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

Johnson,  R.  U.  Dismembering  your  national  park.  Outlook, 
Jan.  30,  1909,  V.  91 :  252-3. 

[Protest  against  giving  water  privileges  within  the  Yosemite  to 
San  Francisco] 

Koch,  F.  J.  Protecting  national  parks  against  poachers. 
Overland  monthly,  Feb.  1915,  n.  s.  v.  65:  117-22. 

[Descriptive  of  the  work  of  Uncle  Sam's  poacher-catchers  in 
the  Yellowstone  Park,  a  garrison  of  400  men  for  service  in  sum- 
mer and  winter] 

Lazenby,  Mary  E.  Luring  the  people  to  their  playgrounds; 
what  the  government  is  doing  to  introduce  the  glories  of 
the  national  park  system  to  its  ov^^ners.  The  Nation's  busi- 
ness, June,   1917,  V.  5:  37-9. 

[The  work  of  the  National  park  service,  and  its  superintendents, 
list  of  publications  of  the  service,  .and  prices  of  those  for  sale.] 

Lane,   Franklin  K.     National  parks  as  an  asset.     American 

forestry,  Jan.,  191 6,  v.  22 :  22-3. 
Lewis,  H.  H.     Managing  a  national  park.     Outlook,  Aug.  29, 

1903.  V.  74:  1036-40. 

[Tells  how  the  Yellowstone  park  is  administered  by  the  govern- 
ment] 

Lockwood,  J.  A.  Uncle  Sam's  troopers  in  National  parks  of 
California.  Overland  monthly,  April,  1889,  2d  ser.,  v.  33 : 
356-68. 

[Objects  in  sending  troops  to  the  national  parks  are  to  preserve 
the  timber  and  vegetation,  and  protect  game  and  fish] 

Mather,  S.  T.  Do  you  want  to  lose  your  parks?  A  message 
from  the  United  States  government  to  the  American  people. 
Independent,  Nov.  13,  1920,  v.  104:  220-21. 

■ National  parks  on  a  business  basis.     American  Review 

of  reviews,  April,  191 5,  v.  51 :  429-31. 

[An  instructive  letter  from  the  new  Director  of  national  parks 
regarding  their  management  for  the  public  welfare] 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  163 

Mills,  Enos  A.     Exploiting  our  national  parks.     New  republic, 

Nov.  10,  1920,  V.  24:  ^'j^. 
Muir,    J.     Endangering   valleys:    the    Hetch   Hetcliy   valley. 

Century,  Jan.,  1909,  v.  "jy :  464-9. 

[Editor  believes  that  an  unfortunate  precedent  has  been  estab- 
lished in  the  diversion  of  a  large  part  of  the  Yosemite  national 
park  from  the  use  of  the  whole  public  to  the  service  of  a  city] 

National  park  amendments  to  water  power  bill  introduced  in 
Congress.     Electrical  world,  Dec.  11,  1920,  v.  76:  1181. 

National  park  improvements.  Nation  (N.  Y.)  Feb.  i,  1919, 
V.  108:  157. 

National  park  service.  Independent,  May  29,  1916,  v.  86: 
321. 

National  park  service.     Outlook,  Feb.  3,  1912,  v.  100:  246. 

[Favors  establishment  of  a  National  park  service.] 

National  parks:  a  conference.     Outlook,  Sept.  30,  191 1,  v.  99: 

255-6. 

[Report  of  National  park  conference  in  the  Yellowstone,  at  which 
the  necessity  for  creation  of  a  Federal  park  bureau  was  conceded] 

National  parks  of  the  United  States.  Bulletin  of  the  Pan- 
American  union,  Sept.,  1916,  v.  43:  372-86. 

[Description  of  the  parks,  well  illustrated] 

National  parks  versus  National  forests.  American  forestry, 
Jan.  19 1 7,  V.  23:  48-49. 

New  national  parks  and  their  administration.  American  for- 
estry, June,  1916,  V.  22:  366. 

Nolen,  John.  Parks  and  recreation  facilities  of  the  United 
States.  American  academy,  of  political  and  social  science. 
Annals,  March,  1910,  v.  35  :  218-20. 

[Calls  attention  to  the  need  for  a  better  balanced  system  of 
national  parks — for  creation  of  parks  in  the  East  and  other  sections 
of  the  country  as  well  as  in  the  West] 

Our  national  parks  in  great  danger  [provision  in  water-power 


i64  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

bill  ...      to   grant  water-power   concessions    in   national 

parks]      Bird  lore,  Jan-Feb.,  1921,  v.  23:  64-65. 
Our  new  national  parks.     World's  work,  July,  1920,  v.  40: 

281-88. 
Preparedness  and  the  national  park.     Country  life,  June,  19 16, 

V.  30 :  48-9. 

[A  plea  for  the  creation  of  a  national  park  service  to  aid  in 
meeting  needs  of  tourists  who  will  visit  our  national  parks  while 
the  "War  of  the  nations"  makes  European  travel  impossible] 

Protecting  the  tourists  in  the  national  parks.  Outlook,  June, 
28,  1916,  V.  113:  450-1- 

[Reference  to  hold-ups  in  Yellowstone  park  and  need  of  guarding 
tourists  more  efficiently.  The  government  forbids  tourists  in 
national  parks  from  carrying  firearms  for  self  protection] 

.Report  on  the  national  parks  situation  [as  affected  by  the 
Water  power  act]  editorial.  Bird  lore,  March,  192 1,  v.  23: 
111-13. 

Rhoda,  Jean.  Uncle  Sam  in  the  Yosemite.  Overland,  June, 
1913,  n.  s.  V.  61  :  590-4. 

[During  the  months  from  May  to  November,  two  troops  of  U.  S. 
cavalry  protect  the  Yosemite  from  fires,  and  enforce  restrictions 
regarding  hunting  and  fishing,  etc.] 

Saving  the  Yosemite  park.  Outlook,  Jan.  30,  1909,  v.  91 : 
234-6. 

[Protest  against  using  the  Hetch  Hetchy  valley  by  San  Francisco] 

Schmeckebier,  L.  F.  National  parks  from  the  scientific  and 
educational  side.  Popular  science  monthly,  June,  191 2,  v. 
80:  530-47- 

[Attention  is  called  to  publications  and  maps  issued  by  the  scien- 
tific bureaus  of  the  government  and  various  learned  societies  re- 
garding the  parks.  The  contemplated  issue  by  the  Department  of 
the  interior  of  short  publications  describing  the  phenomena  in  the 
various  parks  and  forces  that  have  produced  them.  An  instruc- 
tive, well  illustrated  article,  in  which  a  bureau  of  national  parks 
is  recommended] 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 


i6S 


Our    national    parks.     National    geographic    magazine, 

June,  1912,  V.  23:  531-79. 

[A  beautifully  illustrated  article  on  the  different  national  parks] 

Smith,   G.   O.     Nation's  playgrounds.     American  review  of 
reviews,  July,  1909,  v.  40:  44-8. 

The  Director  of  the  Geological  survey  urges  creation  of  additional 
mountain  parks,  which  John  Muir  has  termed  "fountains  of  life." 

Taylor,  G.  R.     Washington  at  work :  the  nation's  playgrounds, 
(illus.)     Survey,  Jan.  i,  1916,  v.  35:     390-3. 

[Some  account  of  the  national  parks,  their  administration  under 
the  Department  of  the  Interior  and  a  plea  for  the  creation  of  a 
national  parks  bureau] 

Trench,  J.  D.  W.     The   forest  and  the  army.     Garden  and 
forests,  Feb.  22,  1893,  v.  6:  95. 

[If  the  care  of  the  forests  in  the  national  parks  and  reservations 
is  to  be  assigned  to  a  portion  of  the  Army,  the  author  believes 
the  War  department  should  include  a  study  of  forest  conditions 
in  its  larger  scope  of  instruction] 

United  States  will  capitalize  its  scenery.     Engineering  record, 
Nov.  6,  1915,  v.  72:  568-70. 

["Newly  adopted  policy  of  opening  up  our  national  parks  in  the 
West  should  bring  the  country  $50,000,000  annually."] 

Vestal,  A.  G.     Recreation  engineering  in  our  national  forests. 

Illustrated  world,  Sept.,  1921,  v.  36:  77-78. 
Wanted,  a  national  park  service.     Outlook,  Mar.  i,  19 16,  v. 

112 :  491. 
Waugh,    Frank   A.     Landscape   architecture   in   the    forests. 

American  forestry,  March,  1921,  v.  27:  142-6. 

A  national  park  policy.     Scientific  monthly,  April,  19 18, 

V.  6:  305-18. 

Technical    problems     in     national     park     development. 


Scientific  monthly,  June,  1918,  v.  6:  560-67. 
Yard,  R,   S.     Director  of  the  nation's  playgrounds,  what  a 


i66  THE  NATIONAL  PARK  SERVICE 

practical  enthusiast  is  doing  to  make  our  national  parks 
known  to  the  people.     Sunset,  Sept.,  1916,  v.  37:27. 

[The  work  of  Stephen  T.  Mather,  Secretary  Lane's  Assistant  in 
executive  charge  of  national  parks] 

National  parks  peril.     Nation  (N.  Y.)  Aug.  21,  1920, 

V.  Ill:  208-9. 


INDEX 


61-62;    for    1922,   text   of   act, 

90-93- 
Archaeology,  proposed  school  of, 

in  Mesa  Verde,,  38. 
Army,    U.    S.,    use   of   in   parks, 

25-27.  31-32,  34- 
Army   and   Navy   Hospital,    Hot 

Springs,  43. 
Assistant  Director,  60. 
Automobile,    fees,    17;    revenues 

from,  28;  controversy,  28. 

Ballinger,  Secretary,  favors 
creation  of  park  bureau,  11. 

Biological  Survey,  Bureau  of, 
management  of  game  preserves 

,by.  36,  37.  54- 

Birds,  protection  of,  54. 

Boone  National  Forest,  24. 

Bright  Angel  Trail,  40-41. 

Bryce  Canyon,  Utah,  proposed 
park  in,  14. 

Buffalo,  Yellov^stone,  23,  32; 
Wind  Cave,  36;  Piatt,  37;  win- 
ter feeding  of,  53;  vaccination 
of,  54- 

California,  cession  of  park  juris- 
diction by,  13;  use  of  army  in 
parks  of,  26-27;  recession  of 
Yosemite  by,  34. 
Camps,  concessioners',  17;  free 
sites  for,  equipment  of  with 
sanitary  facilities,  etc.,  17, 
55-56. 

expenditure  of,  in  Grand  Can-     "Canadian  Argument,"  the,  11. 
yon,,  41 ;    for   monuments,   43 ;      Canadian  Park  Service,  18,  38. 
for    fire-fighting    emergencies,     Casa  Grande,  change  in  status  of, 
52;    for   maintenance,    57;    in-         6  n.,  13-14. 
direct,    for   Service   at   Large,     Chickasaw  Indians,  36. 

167 


Accounts,  61. 

Act  for  Preservation  of  Ameri- 
can Antiquities,  movement  for 
enactment  of,  7;  scope  of, 
broadened,  7-8;  gist  of,  17;  text 
of,  84. 

Activities  of  Service  subordinate 
to  park  preservation,  15 ;  as- 
sumption of  complete  control 
over,  25-26;  descriptive  sketch 
of,  50-59  classification  of,  ']6- 

77- 

Act  of  Dedication  of  Yellow- 
stone, outstanding  features,  4. 

Administration,  an  anomaly  in, 
26;  Park  Service,  60  Yellow- 
stone,. 64. 

American  Automobile  Associa- 
tion, 28. 

American  Civic  Association, 
work  of,  11;  bulletin,  12. 

Animal  industry.  Bureau  of,  co- 
operation with,   54. 

Antelope,  in  Wind  Cave  Park, 
36. 

Appropriations,  for  general  su- 
perintendent, etc.,  10;  trans- 
ferance  of,  26;  War  Depart- 
ment, for  parks,  26-27,  32; 
committee  on,  visits  parks,  27; 
Interior  Dept.,  for  Yellowstone, 
32;  Agricultural  Dept.,  for 
Sullys  Hill,  37;  for  Hawaii, 
limitation  on,  39;  for  Rocky 
Mountain,  do,  39;  limitation  on 


1 68 


INDEX 


Chief  Clerk,  60-61. 

Chief  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  A., 
park  road  construction  directed 
by,  26. 

Chittenden,  General  Hiram  M., 
quoted,   4-5. 

Choctaw  Indians,  36. 

Civil  Engineering  Section,  work 
of,  55.  61. 

Cliff  Dwellings,  7,  51. 

Coconino  County,  Arizona,  toll 
negotiations   with,   40-41. 

Colorado,  creation  of  game  pre- 
serve in,  23. 

Colter,  John,  discovers  Yellow- 
stone, 2. 

Communication  Section,  Yellow- 
stone, 65. 

Concessions,  must  produce  reve- 
nue, 17;  highest  bidder  ob- 
tains, in  Grand  Canyon,  40 ; 
general  policy  regarding,  56. 

Congress,  civilian  control  opposed 
by,  27 ;  Hawaii  Park  created  by, 

39- 

Conservation  of  wild  life,  53-55. 

Cooperation,  necessity  for  em- 
phasized,  18. 

Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  A., 
Yellowstone  exploration  of,  3 ; 
withdrawal  from  parks  of,  25- 
26;  in  Yellowstone,  31;  in 
Crater  Lake,  36. 

Crater  Lake  National  Park,  his- 
tory, 36;  laws,  108-109. 

Devils  Lake,  37. 

Devils  Tower,  distinction  of,  as 
first  monument,  8 ;  invulner- 
ability of,  44. 

Director,  functions  of,  60. 

Division  of  Publications,  telling 
work  of,   12. 

Doane,,  Lieutenant  G.  C.  See 
Washburn-Doane    expedition. 

Editorial   Section,  62. 


Education  facilities,  furtherance 
of,  in  parks,  17. 

Elk,  various  park  herds  of,  23, 
36,  37:  Olympic  variety  of, 
48;  winter  feeding  of,  in  Yel- 
lowstone,  53. 

Engineering  Section,  Yellow- 
stone, 66. 

Entomology,  Bureau  of,  coopera- 
tion with,  53. 

Fall,,  Secretary,  letter  of,  22. 

Federal  Power  Commission,  re- 
striction on  appropriation  for, 
20;  refusal  of,  to  grant  licenses 
in  parks,  20-21. 

Federal  Water  Power  Act,  parks 
menaced  by  original,  20;  par- 
tial repeal  of,  20. 

Fisher,  Secretary,  advocates  park 
bureau,  11. 

Fisheries,  Bureau  of,  cooperation 
with,  54-55. 

Fishing,  regulation  of,  54. 

Field  Service,  61. 

Field  Service  at  Large,  61-62. 

Forester,  Chief,  24,  33. 

Forests,  protection  of,  52-53. 

Forest  Service,  cooperation  with, 
19,  40,  52. 

Folsom,  David  E.,  2. 

Fort  Yellowstone,  25,  32. 

Game  preserves,  need  for,  22-23 ! 
recent  legislation  on  23-24,  36; 
in  Piatt,  Wind  Cave,  and 
Sully's  Hill  Parks,  36-37; 
Mount  McKinley,  40;  Yellow- 
stone,   53 ;   Jacksons   Hole,   54. 

Garrison,  Secretary,  letter  of, 
27. 

General  Grant  National  Park,  his- 
tory, 34-35;  laws,  106-107. 
See  also  Sequoia. 

General  Superintendent  and 
Landscape  Engineer,  9-10. 

Geological    Survey,    Yellowstone 


INDEX 


169 


explorations  of,  3;  cooperation 
with,  53,  58,  64. 

Gifts  to  parks,  general  authoriza- 
tion for  acceptance  of,  24. 

Glacier  National  Park,  home- 
steaders' rights  in,  38;  history, 
38-39;  laws,  113-116. 

Government    Free    Bath    House, 

43- 

Grand  Canyon  National  Monu- 
ment, 40. 

Grand  Canyon  National  Park, 
leases  in,  12-13;  history,  40; 
laws,  1 20-121. 

Grand  Canyon  Park  Act,  unusual 
provisions  of,  40. 

Grandfather  Mountain,  24. 

Grant,  President,  Act  of  Dedica- 
tion signed  by,  4. 

Grazing,    regulation    of,    15,    33, 

52. 

"Great  American  Spa,"  the,  42. 

Great  Northern  Railway,  activi- 
ties of,  in  Glacier  Park.  38, 
56. 

Hawaii  National  Park,  history, 
39;  laws,  118. 

Hayden,  Dr.  F.  V.,  urges  crea- 
tion of  Yellowstone,  4. 

Hedges,  Cornelius,  originator  of 
"National  Park  Idea,"  3. 

Hetch  Hetchy  Valley,  10,  19,  34. 

Hitchcock,  Secretary,  7. 

Homesteaders,  rights  of.  in  parks, 
38. 

Hospital  facilities,  57-58. 

"Hot  Springs  Cases,"  42  n. 

Hot   Springs   Mountain,  42-43. 

Hot  Springs  National  Park,  crea- 
tion, 6 ;  unique  nature  of,  42 ; 
history,  42-43;  laws,  122-130. 

Hot  Springs  Reservation,  setting 
aside  of,  5 ;  confusion  regard- 
ing status  of,  5-6 ;  exception  re- 
garding revenues,  28. 

Hunting,   prohibition   of,   17,   53; 


Mount  McKinley  an  exception, 

53  n. 

Idaho,  curious  law  enacted  in, 
22-23. 

Information  Section,  Yellow- 
stone, 64. 

Inscription   Rock,   protection    of, 

51  • 
Irrigation    and    power    projects, 

park  land  hunger  of,  21-23. 
Irrigation       and       Reclamation, 

Senate   committee   on,   22. 

Jacksons  Hole,  14,  54. 

Jurisdiction,  federal,  desirability 
of,  16;  present  extent  of,  25; 
acquisition  of,  in  California, 
25,  34;  all  of  Yellowstone  not 
under,  33 ;  acquisition  of  in 
Oregon  and  Washington,  36 ;  in 
Oklahoma,  37;  in  Montana,  38; 
in  Arkansas,  43 ;  makes  for 
order,  57. 

"Lafayette  National  Park,  history, 
41 ;  laws,   121. 

Landscape,  improvements  must 
harmonize  with,  16. 

Landscape  Engineer,  53,  56. 

Landscape  Engineering  Section, 
55-56,  61. 

Lane,  Secretary,  9,  11,  27,  62. 

Langford  Hon.  N.  P.,  2-3,  31. 

Lassen  Volcanic  National  Park, 
history,  39-40;   laws,   118-119. 

Law  Section,  62-63. 

Lewis  and  Clarke,  skirting  of 
Yellowstone  region  by,  2. 

Light  and  Power  Section,  Yel- 
lowstone, 65. 

Machinery   Section,  Yellowstone, 

65-66. 
Mackinac  Island,  former  park  on, 

44. 
Maintenance,   57. 


170 


INDEX 


Mammoth  Cave,  proposed  park  to 
include,    14. 

Mariposa  Grove,  33. 

Medical  Service,  57-58. 

Mesa  Verde  National  Park,  per- 
mits to  excavate  in,  37;  his- 
tory, 37-38;  ruins  in,  51;  laws, 
112-113. 

Mining  claims,  acquisition  of  in 
Greater  Yellowstone  area  per- 
missible, 14;  Supreme  Court 
decision  regarding,  24-25 ; 
further  location  forbidden  in 
Mount  Rainier,  35 ;  discretion- 
ary allowance  of  in  Grand  Can- 
yon, 40;  no  restrictions  on  in 
Mount  McKinley,  40. 

Montezuma     County,     Colorado, 

37- 

Motion  pictures,  58-59. 

Motor  vehicles,   17. 

Mount  Desert  Island,  41. 

Mount  Lassen,   39. 

Mount  McKinley  National  Park, 
history,  40;  laws,  1 19-120. 

Mount  Rainier  National  Park,  U. 
S.  Engineers  in,  26,  35 ;  his- 
tory, 35-36;  hotel  system  in, 
56 ;   laws,   107-108. 

Mount  Whitney,  Greater  Sequoia 
area  includes,  14. 

Muir,  John,  opposes  Hetch 
Hetchy  project,  10. 

Muir  Woods,  44. 

Mukuntuweap  National  Monu- 
ment, 41. 

Museums,  establishment  of 
directed,   17;   Mesa  Verde,  38. 

National  Geographic  Society, 
gifts  of,  24,  35. 

National  Monuments,  power  of 
President  to  create,  7;  distinc- 
tion between  parks  and,  8; 
factor  determining  administra- 
tion of,  44;  under  Dept.  of 
Interior,  43-46;  under  War  De- 


partment, 47;   under   Dept.   of 

Agriculture,  48. 
National  park,  the  first,  5-7. 
National  park  conferences,  9,  11. 
"National  Park  Idea,"  the,  origin 

of,  2-3;  gist,  19;  menaced,  19- 

20;  versus  the  automobile,  28; 

determines  Service's  activities, 

so- 
National      Park      Service      Act, 
amendments  to,  12-13;  text  of, 
87-88. 
National  park  system,  beginning 
of,  I,  4;  oldest  member  of,  5; 
result   of   the    "National    Park 
Idea,"      7;      prior      to      1916. 
8-9. 
National    Park-to-Park-Highway, 

27-28. 
National  parks,  projects  for  ad- 
ditional,  14,   18-19,  24;  list  of, 
29-30;    individual   sketches   of, 
31-43;    growth   of   interest   in, 

49- 
National   parks   portfolio,    12. 

Oklahom.a,  constitutional  provi- 
sion of  regarding  federal  juris- 
diction, 37. 

Painting     Section,     Yellowstone, 

65. 

Patents  and  Miscellaneous,  Divi- 
sion, 9. 

Payne,  Secretary,  opposition  of, 
to  park  exploitation,  21-22. 

Personnel,  61. 

Petrified  Forest,  44. 

Piatt  National  Park,  history,  36- 
37;   laws,   iio-iii. 

Poaching.,  32,  40,  53. 

Post  Office  Department,  parcel 
post  deliveries  by,  in  Yosemite, 

57- 
President  of  the   United   States, 
the,  discretionary  power  of,  to 
create  m.onuments,  7;  rules  for 


INDEX 


171 


Hot  Springs  hospital  to  be 
made  by,  43. 

Private  holdings,  objections  to, 
16;  elimination  of,  in  Sequoia, 
24,  35 ;  in  Wind  Cave,  36 ;  ex- 
change of  timber  authorized 
for,  in  Glacier,  39. 

Privileges,  leasing  of,  15. 

"Profitable  Speculation,"  a,  3. 

Prospecting,  Secretary  may 
allow,    in    Grand    Canyon,    40. 

Protection  service,  general,  57; 
Yellowstone,  64. 

Publications,,  62,  78-79. 

Publications  Section,  63. 

Publicity,  58,  78-79. 

Public  Health  Service,  56,  58. 

Public  lands  committees,  hear- 
ings before,  12. 

Railroad  Administration,  18. 

Rangers,,  civihan  force  of 
created,  27;  soldiers  used  as, 
32;  in  Mount  Rainier,  35. 

Recreation,  encouragement  of,  in 
parks,  17. 

Revenues,  expenditures  from,  10; 
must  not  impose  burden,  17; 
sources  of,  31 ;  comparison  of, 
with  appropriations,  28 ;  change 
in  disposition  of,  28;  provision 
regarding  in  Yosemite,  34. 

Roads  and  trails,  work  on,  by  U. 
S.  Engineer  Corps,  25-26; 
maintenance  of,  57. 

Rocky  Mountain  National  Park, 
history,  39;  laws,   116-118'. 

Roosevelt,   President,   14. 

San  Francisco,  water  supply  for, 
10. 

Sand  Dunes,  Lake  Michigan,  pro- 
posed park  including,  14. 

Sanitation,  57,  65. 

Scientific  bureaus,  cooperation 
with,    enjoined,    17-18. 

Secretary     of     Agriculture,     co- 


operation of,  in  making  monu- 
ment rules  and  regulations,  7. 

Secretary  of  the  Interior,  to  con- 
trol Yellowstone,  4 ;  Hot 
Springs  administered  by,  5-6; 
monument  regulations  made  by, 
7 ;  office  of,  reorganized,  9 ;  al- 
luded to,  13,  26,  32. 

Secretary  of  War,  monument 
rules  and  regulations  to  be 
made  by,  7;  alluded  to,  26,  32. 

Sequoia  National  Park,  proposed 
enlargement  of,  14,  19;  elimi- 
nation of  private  holdings  in, 
24,  35;  history,  34-35;  laws, 
104-106. 

Sieur  de  Monts  National  Monu- 
ment, 41. 

Smithsonian  Institution,  archseo- 
logical  researches  of,  in  Mesa 
Verde,    38 ;    cooperation    with, 

52. 

Standards,  Bureau  of  coopera- 
tion with,   51. 

Sullys  Hill  National  Park,  his- 
tory, 37;  laws,  111-112. 

Sulphur,  Oklahoma,  37. 

Sulphur  Springs  Reservation, 
36. 

Taft,  President,  urges  estab- 
lishment of  parks  bureau,  12; 
on  Casa  Grande,  13  n. ;  vetoes 
Mesa  Verde  amendment,  37. 

Taft,  Secretary,  7. 

Three  Tetons,,  the,  14,  19. 

Timber,  restrictions  on  cutting 
of,  16,  53 ;  exchanges  of, 
authorized,  39. 

Toll  roads,  41. 

Transportation  Section,  Yellow- 
stone,, 65. 

Tumacacori  Mission,  restoration 
of,  51- 

United  States  Commissioners,  25, 
32,  38,  43,  57. 


172 


INDEX 


United  States  Marshals,,  33. 
Vandals,  44,  51. 

War  Department,  Washburn- 
Doane  escort  furnished  by,  3; 
relinquishment  of  park  protec- 
tion by,  25-26. 

Washburn,  General  Henry  D. 
See  Washburn-Doane  Expedi- 
tion. 

Washburn-Doane    Expedition,    3, 

4,  31- 

Water  power,  utilization  of,  in 
parks,  53,  56. 

Waterton  Lakes  Park,  38. 

Weather  Bureau,,  cooperation 
with,  64. 

"Western  Monthly,"  the,  2. 

Wilson,  President,   13-14. 

Wilson,  Secretary,  7. 

Wind  Cave  National  Park,  his- 
tory, 36;  laws,   109-110. 

Yellowstone  National  Park,  crea- 
tion of,  I ;  first  superintendent 
of,  2;  Act  of  Dedication  of, 
4;  distinction  of,  as  first  na- 
tional   park,    4;    proposed    en- 


largement of,  14,  19;  proposed 
construction  of  reservoir  in, 
21-22;  army  activities  in,  25- 
26;  appropriations  for,  under 
War  Dept.,  26;  withdrawal  of 
troops  from,  27,  33;  civilian 
administration  of,  31,  army  ad- 
ministration of,  32;  history,  31- 
33 ;  landmark  in  legislation  for, 
32 ;  grazing  forbidden  in,  33  ; 
organization,  63;  laws,  93-98. 
Yellowstone  Region,  early  ac- 
counts of  derided,  1-2;  first  ex- 
pedition to,  2;  Washburn- 
Doane  Exploration  of,  3; 
Geological  Survey — Engineer 
Corps  exploration  of,  3 ;  pro- 
ject for  erection  of  into  park, 

4- 

Yosemite  National  Park,  con- 
struction of  reservoir  in,  10; 
history,  33-34;  army  activities 
in,  34;  laws,  98-104. 

Yosemite  National  Park  Com- 
pany, 56. 

Zion  National  Monument,  42. 
Zion  National  Park,  history,,  41- 
42;  laws,   121. 


Date 

Dae 

W\\l  *\0 

1971 

i 

ft  rr?  ^  1    1 

Q72 

ftrK  ^«    1 

vF  1  t. 

JAN 

!.■>  1973 

I'l  1'-  i"!,    '' 

UiU^  & 

!';-J^- 

\m  !  5  11 

}% 

MAR  -2 

1997 

^ 

ll™I!?^pLL£G£ 


^  9031   Om'S! 


SBii82.AIih 


^82^8 


AUTHOR  CAMERON,  Jenks 
TITLE   The  National  Park' 
Service  -  it»s  History, 
Activities  and  Organization 


L- ^WX^^^O^^e^l.^.^ 


BOSTON  COLLEGE  LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  HEIGHTS 
CHESTNUT  HILL,  MASS. 


Books  may  be  kept  for  two  weeks  and  may 
be  renewed  for  the  same  period,  unless  re- 
served. 

Two  cents  a  day  is  charged  for  each  book 
kept  overtime. 

If  you  cannot  find  what  you  want,  ask  the 
Librarian  who  will  be  glad  to  help  you. 

The  borrower  is  responsible  for  books  drawn 
on  his  card  and  for  all  fines  accruing  on  the 
same. 


